ARCHITECTURAL THEORY AND PROGRAMMING GREEN MIX OFFICE TOWER Design Theme Green Design Architecture - Unika Repository

  th

The 67 Period, Second Semester Of 2014/2015 Academic Year

  

ARCHITECTURAL THEORY AND PROGRAMMING

GREEN MIX OFFICE TOWER

Design Theme

  Green Design Architecture

  

Core Issue

  Controls Thermal Comfort

  

Thesis in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement

for the Degree of Architecture Bachelor

Presented By :

  Stefanus Viktor Kristandi (11.11.0030)

  

Supervisor :

  Ir. BPR Gandhi, MSA NIDN : 0601035401

  

DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE,

FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE AND DESIGN

APPROVAL SHEET Architecture Final Project The 67 th Period, Second Semester of 2014/2015 Academic Year SOEGIJAPRANATA CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY

  Project Title : Green Mix Office Tower Design Theme : Green Design Architecture Core Issue : Controls Thermal Comfort Submitted by : Stefanus Viktor Kristandi Supervisor : Ir. BPR Gandhi, MSA Examiners : Ir. Robert Rianto W, MT

  Ir. Supriyono, MT Dr.Ir.VG. Sri Rejeki, MT

  Semarang, April 2015 Approved

  Dean Faculty of Architecture and Design

  Ir. IM. Tri Hesti Mulyani, MT NIDN : 0611086201

  Head Department of Architecture

  Ir. FX. Bambang Suskiyatno, MT NIDN : 0625116302

APPROVAL SHEET Architecture Final Project The 67 th Period, Second Semester of 2014/2015 Academic Year SOEGIJAPRANATA CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY

  Project Title : Green Mix Office Tower Design Theme : Green Design Architecture Core Issue : Controls Thermal Comfort Submitted by : Stefanus Viktor Kristandi Supervisor : Ir. BPR Gandhi, MSA Examiners : Ir. Robert Rianto W, MT

  Ir. Supriyono, MT Dr. Ir. VG. Sri Rejeki, MT

  Semarang, April 2015 Approved

  Supervisor, Ir. BPR Gandhi, MSA

  NIDN : 0601035401 Examiner

  Ir. Robert Rianto W, MT NIDN : 0627066701

  Examiner Ir. Supriyono, MT

  NIDN : 0615025701 Examiner

  Dr. Ir. VG. Sri Rejeki, MT NIDN : 0628126101

AUTHENTICITY STATEMENT

  Thesis submitted by : Name : Stefanus Viktor Kristandi

  ID Number : 11.11.0030 Declare that Architectural Final Project Thesis, Second Semester of 2014/2015 Academic Year, Faculty of Architecture and Design, Soegijapranata Catholic University Semarang Project Title : Green Mix Office Tower Design Theme : Green Design Architecture Core Issue : Controls Thermal Comfort Supervisor : Ir. BPR Gandhi, MSA NIDN : 0601035401 Is not a plagiarism thesis, If later there is found a plagiarism act in the making of thesis, so the author ready to receive all the consequences.

  Semarang, April 2015 Author

  Stefanus Viktor Kristandi 11.11.0030

PREFACE

  Architecture is growing very fast. Building with a new design and analogy appear in everywhere. Quality of human resources have improved overtime , but does not offset the increase of available land. Nowadays, available land becomes both expensive and limited. In this regard, vertical development becomes a beneficial solution.

  The thesis (Architectural Theory and Programming) is titled “Green Mix Office Tower” that discusses the study of the Green Building aspects that applied in high rise building (in case office tower).

  Praise to God who has given his grace for the author to finish this thesis in partial of fulfillment of the requirement for the Degree of Architecture Bachelor.This thesis can completed properly on time, although still need to be repaired.

  The Author would like to thanks to Mr. Ir. BPR.Gandhi, MSA as a supervisor that always support for making this thesis, Friends that always sharing information. Also thanks to Ir. Riandy Tarigan, MT as a coordinator of Architecture Final Project.

  Hopefully this thesis (Architectural Theory and Programming) can provide benefits in architectural scope and social scope and convey about greenship rating tools in high rise building. Thank you Author

  

TABLE OF CONTENTS

APPROVAL SHEET ........................................................................................... i

AUTHENTICITY STATEMENT ........................................................................ iii

PREFACE ..................................................................................................... iv

TABLE OF CONTENTS.................................................................................... v

LIST OF FIGURES............................................................................................. x

LIST OF TABLE.............................................................................................. xvi

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................1

  1.1 Background...................................................................................................1

  1.1.1 Initial Idea...............................................................................................1

  1.1.2 Reason and Motivation...........................................................................1

  1.2 Goals and Objectives ....................................................................................2

  1.2.1 Goals......................................................................................................2

  1.2.2 Objectives ..............................................................................................3

  1.2.3 Benefits To be Achieceved.....................................................................3

  1.3 Scope............................................................................................................3

  1.4 Methods ........................................................................................................4

  1.4.1 Data Collection Methods ........................................................................4

  1.4.2 Analysis Methods ...................................................................................4

  1.4.3 Programming Methods ...........................................................................5

  1.4.4 Architectural Design Methods ................................................................5

  1.5 Writing System..............................................................................................6

  2.1 Project Overview ...........................................................................................7

  2.1.1 Overview ................................................................................................7

  2.1.2 Background-Developing-Trends........................................................... 12

  2.1.3 Target to be Achieved ..........................................................................13

  2.2 Specific Reviews Project.............................................................................13

  2.2.1 Terminology ......................................................................................... 13

  2.2.2 Green Building .....................................................................................14

  2.2.3 Activities ............................................................................................... 21

  2.2.4 Specification and Design Requirements...............................................22

  2.2.5 City Context Description (Surabaya) ....................................................23

  2.2.6 Similar Project Review .........................................................................26

  2.2.7 Design Problem....................................................................................34

  2.3 Conclusions, Restrictions and Assumptions ...............................................35

  2.3.1 Conclusions.......................................................................................... 35

  2.3.2 Limitation.............................................................................................. 35

  2.3.3 Assumptions......................................................................................... 35

  

CHAPTER 3 ANALYSIS OF THE ARCHITECTURE PROGRAM ................... 36

  3.1 Analysis of Architectural Approaches.......................................................... 36

  3.1.1 PT.Sido Muncul ....................................................................................36

  3.1.2 Green Building .....................................................................................38

  3.1.3 Activities Study .....................................................................................64

  3.1.4 Facilities Study .....................................................................................70

  3.1.6 Room Summary ...................................................................................87

  3.2.2.9 Lightning Rod ..........................................................................103

  4.2.1 Design Goals......................................................................................114

  4.2 Design Goals, Design Determinant Factor, Design Requirements Factor 114

  4.1 The Concept of The Program....................................................................113

  

CHAPTER 4 ARCHITECTURE PROGRAM .................................................. 113

  3.3.2 Site Selection .....................................................................................108

  3.3.1 Location Choice..................................................................................106

  3.3 Analysis of Environmental Context Approach ...........................................106

  3.2.3 Technology......................................................................................... 104

  3.2.2.8 Telecommunication System ....................................................102

  3.2 Analysis of Building Systems Approach ......................................................88

  3.2.2.7 Electrical System .....................................................................102

  3.2.2.6 Thermal System (AC and Ventilation) .....................................100

  3.2.2.5 Security System ........................................................................99

  3.2.2.4 Fire Extenguisher System ......................................................... 98

  3.2.2.3 Transportation System .............................................................. 96

  3.2.2.2 Waste Water System.................................................................95

  3.2.2.1 Clean Water System..................................................................93

  3.2.2 Utility System .......................................................................................93

  3.2.1 Structure System and Enclosure .......................................................... 88

  4.2.2 Design Determinant............................................................................114

  4.3 Architecture Program ................................................................................117

  4.3.3.9 Lightning Rod ..........................................................................125

  5.2 Study of Core Issue ..................................................................................137

  5.1.3 Possibility of Design Implementation..................................................136

  5.1.2 Precedent Study.................................................................................135

  5.1.1 Green Building Design .......................................................................132

  5.1 Study of Design Accentuation ...................................................................132

  

CHAPTER 5 STUDY OF THEORY................................................................ 132

  4.3.5 Program for Location and Site............................................................ 127

  4.3.4 Program for Technology.....................................................................125

  4.3.3.8 Telecommunication System ....................................................125

  4.3.1 Program for Activities .........................................................................117

  4.3.3.7 Electricity System ....................................................................124

  4.3.3.6 Thermal System (AC and Ventilation) .....................................122

  4.3.3.5 Security System ......................................................................122

  4.3.3.4 Fire Extenguisher System .......................................................122

  4.3.3.3 Transportation System ............................................................ 121

  4.3.3.2 Waste Water System............................................................... 121

  4.3.3.1 Clean Water System................................................................ 120

  4.3.3 Program for Utility Systems ................................................................ 120

  4.3.2 Program for Structures Systems ........................................................ 118

  5.2.1 Explanation ........................................................................................ 137

  5.2.1.2 Possibility Materials .................................................................141

  5.2.1.3 The correlation between angle and Sun radiation with Double Façade......................................................................................142

  5.2.1.4 Analysis of Thermal transmission and Solar Heat Gain of Double Façade System .........................................................................143

  5.2.2 Precedent Study.................................................................................150

  5.2.3 Possibility of Implementation .............................................................. 151

  

BIBLIOGRAPHY............................................................................................ 152

APPENDIX ..................................................................................................154

LIST OF FIGURES

  Figure 1. Corridor Plan .......................................................................................8 Figure 2. Open Corridor Plan .............................................................................8 Figure 3.Tower Plan ...........................................................................................9 Figure 4.Cross Plan............................................................................................9 Figure 5. Greenship Score ...............................................................................11 Figure 6. Economic Growing ............................................................................24 Figure 7. Surabaya Map ...................................................................................24 Figure 8. Surabaya Map with Trade and service location.................................26 Figure 9. The Mansion Tower...........................................................................27 Figure 10. PU Building .....................................................................................28 Figure 11. PU Building Concept .......................................................................28 Figure 12. Suara Merdeka Tower.....................................................................29 Figure 13. Electrical system .............................................................................30 Figure 14. Electrical Environment.....................................................................30 Figure 15. Generator ........................................................................................ 31 Figure 16. Pump Room ....................................................................................31 Figure 17. Sewage Room.................................................................................32 Figure 18. Lift Room ......................................................................................... 33 Figure 19. Outdoor AC-condensor ...................................................................33 Figure 20. Maintenance condenser ..................................................................33 Figure 21. Fire fighting system .........................................................................34 Figure 22. Organization Structure ....................................................................37 Figure 23. Gandaria Tree .................................................................................40

  Figure 25. Bamboo........................................................................................... 40 Figure 26. Nusa Indah Tree..............................................................................41 Figure 27. Site condition...................................................................................41 Figure 28. Site Condition1 ................................................................................42 Figure 29. Site condition 2................................................................................43 Figure 30. Main Entrance for accessibility ........................................................ 43 Figure 31. Site Shuttle Bus Planning ................................................................ 44 Figure 32. Site Pedestrian Planning .................................................................44 Figure 33. Pedestrian walkways .......................................................................44 Figure 34. Bike Shower ....................................................................................45 Figure 35. Electrical Metering...........................................................................46 Figure 36. Lux censor planning ........................................................................48 Figure 37. Water Metering Planning.................................................................50 Figure 38. Rain Water Harvesting ....................................................................52 Figure 39. Fire extinguisher..............................................................................53 Figure 40. Non ODS Refrigerant ......................................................................53 Figure 41. Wood Implementation .....................................................................54 Figure 42. Example of Prefab Material ............................................................. 55 Figure 43. CO2 censor planning.......................................................................57 Figure 44. Car stopper and Railing...................................................................63 Figure 45. User Activity Patterns ......................................................................69 Figure 46. Tenant-Meeting room ......................................................................80 Figure 47. Shared Workstation.........................................................................80

  Figure 49. Files Room ......................................................................................83 Figure 50. Workstation with Computer ............................................................. 83 Figure 51. Dining Table ....................................................................................83 Figure 52. Fitness Area ....................................................................................83 Figure 53. Dining Table with person.................................................................83 Figure 54. Caisson Foundation ........................................................................88 Figure 55. Pile System .....................................................................................89 Figure 56. Parallel Bearing Walls .....................................................................90 Figure 57. Core and Facade Bearing Walls......................................................90 Figure 58. Self Supporting Boxes.....................................................................91 Figure 59. Cantilever Slab ................................................................................91 Figure 60. Rigid Frame and Core .....................................................................91 Figure 61. Green Roof Components ................................................................ 93 Figure 62. Grey Water System .........................................................................95 Figure 63. Rain Water System .........................................................................95 Figure 64. Solid Waste System ........................................................................95 Figure 65. Stairs ............................................................................................... 96 Figure 66. Fire Extenguisher System ............................................................... 98 Figure 67. CCTV system ..................................................................................99 Figure 68. Access Card ..................................................................................100 Figure 69. FCU system ..................................................................................101 Figure 70. Electrical System...........................................................................102 Figure 71. Telecommunication System .......................................................... 102

  Figure 73.Conductor Cables...........................................................................103 Figure 74.Ground Rod....................................................................................103 Figure 75. Laminated Glass System .............................................................. 104 Figure 76. Smart Energy System ...................................................................104 Figure 77. Diagram of Intelligent Lighting System ..........................................105 Figure 78. Sun Shading System .....................................................................105 Figure 79. West Surabaya Map......................................................................107 Figure 80. South Surabaya Map.....................................................................107 Figure 81. Alternative 1 Site ...........................................................................109 Figure 82. Panorama View Site Alt.1.............................................................. 109 Figure 83. Alternative 2 Site ...........................................................................110 Figure 84. Site Condition ................................................................................110 Figure 85. Spazio Site ....................................................................................111 Figure 86. Activity Program ............................................................................117 Figure 87. Green Roof Segments...................................................................119 Figure 88. Electrical System...........................................................................124 Figure 89. Telecommunication system ........................................................... 125 Figure 90. Lightning Rod ................................................................................125 Figure 91. Heat Loss of double glazing .......................................................... 126 Figure 92. Sun Shading..................................................................................127 Figure 93. Gandaria Tree ...............................................................................128 Figure 94. Bungur Tree ..................................................................................128 Figure 95. Bamboo Tree ................................................................................128

  Figure 97. Grass block ...................................................................................129 Figure 98. Pedestrian .....................................................................................129 Figure 99. Paver............................................................................................. 130 Figure 100. Biopori ......................................................................................... 130 Figure 101. Gutter .......................................................................................... 130 Figure 102. Choosen Site...............................................................................131 Figure 103. Percentage of the advantages double façade ............................. 139 Figure 104. Percentage of Disadvantages Double Façade ............................ 140 Figure 105. Material Properties ......................................................................142 Figure 106. Sun-Path Diagram.......................................................................142 Figure 107. Differences between Single Skin and Double Skin......................143 Figure 108. Solar Heat Gain at June, 30th (North orientation) .......................144 Figure 109. Thermal Transmission at June 30th (North orientation) ..............144 Figure 110. Thermal Transmission (June 30th, 12:00AM) ............................. 145 Figure 111. Solar Heat Gain (September 22nd) west orientation ...................145 Figure 112. Thermal Transmission (September 22nd) west orientation .........146 Figure 113. Thermal Transmission-Double Facade (September 22nd, 14:00 PM).................................................................................................................146 Figure 114. Solar Heat Gain (December 30th) South orientation ...................147 Figure 115. Thermal Transmission (December 30th) South orientation .........147 Figure 116. Thermal Transmission - Double Facade (Dec, 30th) South orientation.......................................................................................................148 Figure 117. Solar Heat Gain (March, 23rd) East orientation .......................... 148

  Figure 119. Thermal Transmission - Double Facade (March,23rd) East orientation.......................................................................................................149 Figure 120. Double Facade View ...................................................................150 Figure 121. UMN double façade.....................................................................150

LIST OF TABLE

  Table 1. Water Calculation ...............................................................................51 Table 2. Main User Activities ............................................................................65 Table 3. Office Management User Activities.....................................................67 Table 4. Service User Activities........................................................................68 Table 5. Leisure Activities ................................................................................68 Table 6. Score Structure Criteria ......................................................................92 Table 7. Surabaya Region and District ........................................................... 106 Table 8. Score Location Criteria .....................................................................108 Table 9. Score Site Criteria ............................................................................112 Table 10. FCU equivalent...............................................................................123 Table 11. Greenship Rating Tools..................................................................132