energi 01 Energy | Let's Enjoy Chemical Engineering World

13/14 Spring Semester

Energy
(TKK-2129)

Instructor: Rama Oktavian
Email: rama.oktavian86@gmail.com
Office Hr.: M.13-15, Tu. 13-15, W. 13-15, Th. 13-15, F. 09-11

Outlines

1.
1. Coal:
Coal: Introduction
Introduction
2.
2.Coal
Coal power
power plant
plant
3.

3. Coal
Coalto
tochemical
chemical (CTC)
(CTC)
4.
4. Recent
Recent status
statusof
of coal
coal technology
technology

Coal (Intro)
Coal is conventional fossil fuel
Formation of Coal
 Coal deposits are formed from plant material that died and was
deposited in a
swampy environment - low in O2
 Anaerobic bacteria convert the organic material until environment

becomes too acidic and the bacterial die - decomposition stops when the
plants have been converted to peat
 Peat becomes buried at bottom of swamp
 Peat is transformed at high pressure and low temperature (< 200 °C)
over ~300 million years to coal

Coal (Intro)
Coal is conventional fossil fuel
Formation of Coal

Coal (Intro)
Coal Mining

Surface Mining
Strip Mining

Underground Mining

Coal (Intro)
Types of coal

Coal (Intro)
Types of coal

Coal (Intro)
Types of coal

Coal (Intro)
Chemical composition of coal

Source: http://f03.classes.colgate.edu/fsem037-coal/Coal/Default/composition_of_coal.htm

Coal source
Energy sources in Indonesia
Coal

Coal source
Energy sources in Indonesia
Coal

Coal power plant
Process equipment


Feedwater
 Feedwater used in a steam boiler to transfer heat energy
from the fuel burning area to mech. Energy of spinning
steam turbine



Boiler
 Rectangular furnace, pulverized coal is blown in from fuel
nozzles at 4 corners. The coal then burns quickly and
forms a fireball at the center (seriously, a fireball!!!).

Coal power plant
Process equipment


Steam Turbine Generator
 Is a series of steam turbines interconnected to each other
and then a generator



Steam Condenser
 Steam enters from the turbine generator and is pumped
into the bottom of the condenser, where pumps recycle the
condensed steam from the feedwater



Stack
 Releases process emissions.

Coal power plant
Process diagram

Coal power plant

Pros


Cheap
 Cheaper per unit energy than oil or natural gas
 Will continue to be an important global resource



Abundance
 Coal is the world’s most abundant fossil fuel
 Sufficient reserves for the next 250 years

Coal power plant
Pros
 Efficiency
 Larger power plants are more efficient
 38% of the chemical energy is converted to energy
 Safe
 safest fossil fuel to transport, store and use

Coal power plant
Cons
 Environmental issues
 Coal-Fired Power Plants are the largest contributor of
hazardous air pollutants.
o Sulfur dioxide (SO2)
o

Nitrogen Oxide (NOx)

o
o

Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
Mercury

Thank You !