LANDASAN TEORI DAN PROGRAM TERMINAL BUS TIPE A DI SEMARANG Tema Desain Penerapan struktur bentang lebar pada bangunan terminal bus - Unika Repository

PROJEK AKHIR ARSITEKTUR Periode LXIV, Semester Gasal , Tahun 2013/2014 LANDASAN TEORI DAN PROGRAM

  ( DOKUMEN UNTUK SIDANG UJIAN )

TERMINAL BUS TIPE A DI SEMARANG Tema Desain

  Penerapan struktur bentang lebar pada bangunan terminal bus

Fokus Kajian

  Pengaturan sirkulasi terminal untuk menciptakan kenyamanan pada pengguna bangunan terminal

  Diajukan untuk memenuhi sebagian persyaratan memperoleh gelar Sarjana Teknik Arsitektur Disusun oleh:

  Retno Tri Septiani 09.11.0094

  Dosen pembimbing :

  Dr. Ir. VG. Sri Rejeki, MT NIDN. 0628126101

  September 2013

KATA PENGANTAR

  Puji syukur penulis panjatkan kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa, yang telah melimpahkan berkat-Nya, sehingga dapat terselesaikan Landasan Teori dan Program Projek Akhir Arsitektur Periode LXIV Semester Ganjil 2013/2014 ini dengan baik, sebagai persyaratan memperoleh gelar Sarjana Teknik Arsitektur.

  Dalam penyusunan Landasan Teori dan Program Projek Akhir Arsitektur ini tidak lepas dari partisipasi dan keikutsertaan dosen, rekan-rekan dan pihak-pihak lain yang telah membantu, untuk itu penyusun mengucapkan terima kasih kepada : 1. Tuhan Yang Maha Esa, atas berkah dan rahmat-Nya.

  2. Dr. Ir. VG. Sri Rejeki, MT, selaku dosen pembimbing

  3. Ir. Riandy Tarigan, MT , selaku dosen koordinator Projek Akhir Arsitektur

  64 4. Pihak-pihak terkait yang telah membantu dalam proses survey lapangan.

  5. Pihak-pihak lain yang turut membantu yang tidak dapat disebutkan satu- persatu.

  Semoga Landasan Teori dan Program ini dapat bermanfaat baik bagi penyusun dan bagi pihak-pihak lain yang memerlukan. Akhirnya kepada semua pihak yang terkait dalam penyusunan tugas ini penyusun mengucapkan terima kasih yang sebesar-besarnya.

  Semarang, September 2013 Penyusun

DAFTAR ISI

  HALAMAN JUDUL ........................................................................................... i HALAMAN PENGESAHAN .............................................................................. ii KATA PENGANTAR ......................................................................................... iii DAFTAR ISI ..................................................................................................... iv DAFTAR GAMBAR .......................................................................................... viii DAFTAR TABEL .............................................................................................. xvii ABSTRAK ........................................................................................................ xxii BAB I. PENDAHULUAN ...................................................................................

  1 1.1 Latar belakang projek .......................................................................

  1 1.1.1 Kekhasan projek .......................................................................

  3 1.1.2 Alasan pemilihan judul ..............................................................

  4 1.2 Tujuan dan sasaran pembahasan .....................................................

  6 1.2.1 Tujuan pembahasan .................................................................

  6 1.2.2 Sasaran pembahasan ..............................................................

  7 1.3 Lingkup pembahasan .........................................................................

  7 1.3.1 Ruang lingkup substansial ........................................................

  7 1.3.2 Ruang lingkup spasial ..............................................................

  8 1.4 Metoda pembahasan .........................................................................

  9 1.4.1 Metoda pengumpulan data .......................................................

  9 1.4.2 Metoda analisa .........................................................................

  10 1.4.3 Metoda pemrograman ..............................................................

  10 1.4.4 Metoda perancangan arsitektur ................................................

  11 BAB II. TINJAUAN PROYEK ............................................................................

  12 2.1 Tinjauan umum ..................................................................................

  12

  2.1.2 Pemahaman tentang Terminal Bus ..........................................

  14 2.1.2.1 Klasifikasi Terminal .......................................................

  15 2.1.2.2 Karakteristik Terminal ...................................................

  16 2.1.2.3 Kriteria pembangunan Terminal ....................................

  19 2.1.2.4 Kriteria perencanaan Terminal ......................................

  20 2.1.2.5 Standart perencanaan Terminal ....................................

  21 2.1.3 Latar belakang-perkembangan-trend .......................................

  39 2.1.3.1 Latar belakang ..............................................................

  30 2.1.3.2 Perkembangan ..............................................................

  40 2.1.3.3 Trend .............................................................................

  41 2.1.4 Sasaran yang akan dicapai ......................................................

  42 2.2 Tinjauan khusus .................................................................................

  43 2.2.1 Terminologi ...............................................................................

  43 2.2.2 Kegiatan ...................................................................................

  45 2.2.3 Spesifikasi dan persyaratan desain ..........................................

  51 2.2.4 Deskripsi konteks kota ..............................................................

  53 2.2.4.1 Tinjauan umum Kota Semarang....................................

  53 2.2.4.2 Tinjauan khusus transportasi Kota Semarang ..............

  56 2.2.5 Studi banding atau komparasi kasus projek sejenis .................

  57 2.2.6 Permasalahan desain ...............................................................

  65 2.3 Kesimpulan, batasan dan anggapan .................................................

  60 2.3.1 Kesimpulan ...............................................................................

  66 2.3.2 Batasan ....................................................................................

  67 2.3.3 Anggapan .................................................................................

  68

  3.1 Analisa pendekatan aristektur ............................................................

  69 3.1.1 Studi aktivitas ...........................................................................

  69 3.1.1.1 Pengelompokkan kegiatan ..............................................

  69 3.1.1.2 Kategorisasi ....................................................................

  71 3.1.1.3 Pelaku-pola-sifat kegiatan ...............................................

  74 3.1.1.4 Waktu kegiatan ...............................................................

  77 3.1.2 Studi fasilitas ............................................................................

  78 3.1.2.1 Kebutuhan .......................................................................

  78 3.1.2.2 Besaran ruang .................................................................

  82

  3.1.2.3 Kelompok ruang .............................................................. 103

  3.1.2.4 Pola hubungan ruang ...................................................... 108

  3.1.2.5 Studi ruang khusus ......................................................... 112

  3.1.2.6 Studi citra arsitektural ...................................................... 115

  3.2 Analisa pendekatan sistem bangunan ............................................... 116

  3.2.1 Studi sistem struktur dan enclosure .......................................... 116

  3.2.1.1 Studi sistem struktur ........................................................ 116

  3.2.1.2 Studi enclosure ............................................................... 130

  3.2.2 Studi sistem utilitas ................................................................... 141

  3.2.3 Studi sistem fisika bangunan .................................................... 152

  3.2.4 Studi sistem teknologi ............................................................... 155

  3.3 Analisa konteks lingkungan ............................................................... 157

  3.3.1 Analisa pemilihan tapak ............................................................ 166

  3.3.1.1 Analisa lingkungan .......................................................... 170

  4.1 Konsep program ................................................................................ 173

  4.2 Tujuan perancangan, faktor penentu perancangan, faktor persyaratan perancangan ..................................................................................... 175

  4.2.1 Tujuan perancangan ................................................................. 175

  4.2.2 Faktor penentu perancangan.................................................... 176

  4.2.3 Faktor persyaratan perancangan .............................................. 177

  4.3 Program arsitektur ............................................................................. 178

  4.3.1 Program kegiatan ..................................................................... 178

  4.3.2 Pola sirkulasi ............................................................................ 183

  4.3.3 Program besaran ruang ............................................................ 184

  4.3.4 Program struktur dan enclosure ............................................... 189

  4.3.4.1 Program struktur ........................................................... 189

  4.3.4.2 Program enclosure ........................................................ 191

  4.3.5 Program sistem utilitas ............................................................. 194

  4.3.6 Program sistem fisika bangunan .............................................. 199

  4.3.7 Program teknologi bangunan ................................................... 200

  4.3.8 Program lokasi dan tapak ......................................................... 201

  4.3.8.1 Lokasi dan tapak terpilih ............................................... 201

  4.3.8.2 Analisa tapak................................................................. 202

  4.3.8.3 Program tapak............................................................... 204

  BAB V. KAJIAN TEORI TEMA DESAIN DAN PERMASALAHAN DOMINAN .. 208

  5.1 Kajian teori penekanan/tema desain penerapan struktur bentang lebar 208

  5.1.1 Interpretasi elaborasi teori penekanan desain .......................... 208

  5.1.2 Studi preseden ......................................................................... 225

  5.2 Kajian teori permasalahan dominan................................................... 233

  5.2.1 Interpretasi dan elaborasi teori permasalahan dominan ........... 234

  5.2.2 Studi preseden ......................................................................... 240

  5.2.3 Kemungkinan penerapan teori permasalahan dominan ........... 243 DAFTAR PUSTAKA ......................................................................................... xxi

DAFTAR GAMBAR

  28 Gambar 2.13 Dimensi jalur keluar dengan sudur kemiringan ...........................

  50

  40 Gambar 2.21 Bagan organisasi UPTD Bus di Semarang .................................

  39 Gambar 2.20 Skema jaringan transportasi Semarang .....................................

  30 Gambar 2.19 Peta Jawa Tengah .....................................................................

  30 Gambar 2.18 Tipe terminal menurut pola sirkulasi ...........................................

  29 Gambar 2.17 Dimensi parkir gergaji, menyudut gergaji dan melingkar radial ..

  o ........................................................

  29 Gambar 2.16 Dimensi pola menyudut 45

  o .......

  29 Gambar 2.15 Dimensi parkir tegak lurus dan parkir sudut kemiringan 45

  28 Gambar 2.14 Dimensi jalur sejajar dengan single line .....................................

Gambar 1.1 Peta Jawa Tengah ....................................................................... 1 Gambar 1.2 Skema jaringan transportasi Semarang .......................................

  12 Gambar 1.3 Metoda pemrograman ..................................................................

  27 Gambar 2.11 Dimensi jalur batas sejajar .........................................................

  27 Gambar 2.10 Dimensi jalur miring ....................................................................

  26 Gambar 2.9 Pola sirkulasi bus menyebar dengan flow bentuk O .....................

  26 Gambar 2.8 Pola sirkulasi bus menyebar dengan flow bentuk U .....................

  24 Gambar 2.7 Pola sirkulasi bus menyebar dengan flow bentuk S .....................

  23 Gambar 2.6 Platform dengan pola sejajar ........................................................

  23 Gambar 2.5 Dimensi manuver bus ...................................................................

  22 Gambar 2.4 Lebar lajur bus ..............................................................................

  19 Gambar 2.3 Dimensi orang antri ......................................................................

  15 Gambar 2.2 Karakteristik terminal ....................................................................

  13 Gambar 2.1 Diagram interaksi antar komponen ...............................................

  27 Gambar 2.12 Dimensi jalur tegak lurus ............................................................

Gambar 2.23 Jalur sirkulasi antar moda ...........................................................

  53 Gambar 2.24 Peta Jawa ...................................................................................

  54 Gambar 2.25 Peta Jawa Tengah .....................................................................

  54 Gambar 2.26 Peta Kota Semarang ..................................................................

  55 Gambar 2.27 Rencana outer ringroad Kota Semarang ....................................

  56 Gambar 2.28 Rob Terboyo dan kondisi terboyo saat lebaran ..........................

  57 Gambar 2.29 Fasilitas Terminal Terboyo .........................................................

  58 Gambar 2.30 Area bus Terminal Mangkang ....................................................

  59 Gambar 2.31 Hall, agen bus dan ramp Terminal Mangkang ............................

  59 Gambar 2.32 R. Tunggu, menara,pengawas, kios dan mushola Terminal Mangkang .................................................................................

  60 Gambar 2.33 Area angkota Terminal Mangkang .............................................

  61 Gambar 2.34 Bangunan lama, area kedatangan dan area keberangkatan Terminal Tirtonadi .......................................................................

  61 Gambar 2.35 Kios makanan, area AKDP dan area keberangkatan bus AKDP 62 Gambar 2.36 Ruang tunggu dan gedung lama Terminal Tirtonadi ..................

  62 Gambar 2.37 Boarding pass, kios agen dan bangunan lama Term. PuduRaya 63

Gambar 2.38 Entrance dan jembatan antara terminal dan stasiun Pudu Raya 64Gambar 2.39 Entrance, escavator dan food court Terminal Pudu Raya .......... 64Gambar 2.40 Emplasement, agen bus, tangga dan toilet Terminal Pudu Raya 64 Gambar 3.1 Dimensi mobil kapasitas 8 orang ..................................................

  73 Gambar 3.2 Dimensi mobil kapasitas 5 orang ..................................................

  73 Gambar 3.3 Jenis dan dimensi kendaraan roda 2 ............................................

  73 Gambar 3.4 Pola-sifat kegiatan pelaku penumpang ........................................

  74

Gambar 3.6 Pola-sifat kegiatan pelaku pengelola ............................................

  75 Gambar 3.7 Pola-sifat kegiatan pelaku penjual makanan ................................

  75 Gambar 3.8 Pola-sifat kegiatan pelaku agen bus .............................................

  75 Gambar 3.9 Pola-sifat kegiatan pelaku mekanik bengkel.................................

  75 Gambar 3.10 Pola-sifat kegiatan pelaku cleanning service ..............................

  76 Gambar 3.11 Pola-sifat kegiatan pelaku keamanan .........................................

  76 Gambar 3.12 Pola-sifat kegiatan pelaku pengantar .........................................

  76 Gambar 3.13 Pola-sifat kegiatan pelaku tamu .................................................

  77 Gambar 3.14 Pola hubungan ruang fasilitas utama ......................................... 108

Gambar 3.15 Pola hubungan ruang area AKAP .............................................. 108Gambar 3.16 Pola hubungan ruang area AKDP .............................................. 108Gambar 3.17 Pola hubungan ruang area angkota ........................................... 108Gambar 3.18 Pola hubungan ruang fasilitas pengelola .................................... 109Gambar 3.19 Pola hubungan ruang fasilitas pendukung .................................. 109Gambar 3.20 Pola hubungan ruang fasilitas penunjang................................... 110Gambar 3.21 Pola hubungan ruang service ..................................................... 110Gambar 3.22 Pola hubungan ruang makro ...................................................... 111Gambar 3.23 Analisis ruang khusus area parkir bus ........................................ 112Gambar 3.24 Pembagian sirkulasi pada terminal ............................................. 113Gambar 3.25 Ramp lipat elektrik ...................................................................... 113Gambar 3.26 Aplikasi ramp pada halte difabel ................................................. 114Gambar 3.27 Aplikasi ruang khusus halte difabel ............................................ 114Gambar 3.28 Pondasi foot plat ......................................................................... 117Gambar 3.29 Pondasi sumuran ....................................................................... 118Gambar 3.31 Struktur kabel ............................................................................. 120Gambar 3.32 Sistem stabilisasi struktur kabel ................................................. 122Gambar 3.33 Struktur rangka batang ............................................................... 124Gambar 3.34 Klasifikasi space truss ................................................................ 125Gambar 3.35 Pola konfigurasi rangka batang .................................................. 126Gambar 3.36 Teknik konstruksi rangka batang ................................................ 129Gambar 3.37 Lapisan dak beton bertanaman .................................................. 130Gambar 3.38 Bata ringan ................................................................................. 131Gambar 3.39 Panel styro High density ............................................................. 131Gambar 3.40 Cladding wall .............................................................................. 132Gambar 3.41 Curtain wall glass ....................................................................... 133Gambar 3.42 Dinding bertanaman ................................................................... 133Gambar 3.43 Dinding rooster ........................................................................... 133Gambar 3.44 PVC ............................................................................................ 134Gambar 3.45 Alumunium ................................................................................. 134Gambar 3.46 Lantai keramik ............................................................................ 135Gambar 3.47 Homogenius tile .......................................................................... 135Gambar 3.48 Vynil............................................................................................ 136Gambar 3.49 Tactile paving ............................................................................. 137Gambar 3.50 Metaldeck ................................................................................... 138Gambar 3.51 Bitumen selulosa ........................................................................ 138Gambar 3.52 ETFE .......................................................................................... 139Gambar 3.53 Genteng keramik ........................................................................ 140Gambar 3.54 Gypsum board ............................................................................ 140Gambar 3.56 Sistem distribusi air bersih .......................................................... 141Gambar 3.57 Sumur resapan air hujan ............................................................ 144Gambar 3.58 Stack vent dan syphon ............................................................... 145Gambar 3.59 Grease trap ................................................................................ 146Gambar 3.60 Smoke detector .......................................................................... 146Gambar 3.61 Heat detector .............................................................................. 147Gambar 3.62 Sistem pemadam kebakaran ...................................................... 148Gambar 3.63 cctv ............................................................................................. 148Gambar 3.64 Pengeras suara .......................................................................... 149Gambar 3.65 Instalasi konvensional ................................................................ 150Gambar 3.66 Instalasi radius ........................................................................... 150Gambar 3.67 Jenis ramp .................................................................................. 151Gambar 3.68 Cross ventilation ......................................................................... 152Gambar 3.69 AC .............................................................................................. 153Gambar 3.70 Kipas angin ................................................................................. 153Gambar 3.71 Diagram traffic control ................................................................ 156Gambar 3.72 Diagram control room ................................................................. 156Gambar 3.73 Ramp lipat elektrik ...................................................................... 156Gambar 3.74 Pengaplikasian ramp .................................................................. 156Gambar 3.75 Lambang Kota Semarang ........................................................... 157Gambar 3.76 Peta Jawa ................................................................................... 157Gambar 3.77 Peta Jawa Tengah ..................................................................... 157Gambar 3.78 Rencana outer ringroad Semarang ............................................ 160Gambar 3.80 Tapak 1 ...................................................................................... 167Gambar 3.81 Analisa tapak 2 ........................................................................... 168Gambar 3.82 Tapak 2 ...................................................................................... 169Gambar 4.1 Pola sirkulasi makro terminal ........................................................ 183Gambar 4.2 Pola sirkulasi mikro ..................................................................... 184Gambar 4.3 Pondasi sumuran ........................................................................ 190Gambar 4.4 Pondasi footplat ............................................................................ 190Gambar 4.5 Rangka beton ............................................................................... 190Gambar 4.6 Atap rangka batang ...................................................................... 190Gambar 4.7 Struktur kabel ............................................................................... 190Gambar 4.8 Atap dak bertanaman ................................................................... 191Gambar 4.9 Atap baja ringan ........................................................................... 191Gambar 4.10 Bata ringan ................................................................................. 191Gambar 4.11 Rooster ....................................................................................... 191Gambar 4.12 Dinding kayu ............................................................................... 192Gambar 4.13 Dinding partisi ............................................................................. 192Gambar 4.14 PVC ............................................................................................ 192Gambar 4.15 Lantai keramik ............................................................................ 192Gambar 4.16 Tactile floor ................................................................................. 192Gambar 4.17 ETFE .......................................................................................... 193Gambar 4.18 Zincalume ................................................................................... 193Gambar 4.19 Genteng keramik ....................................................................... 193Gambar 4.20 Gypsum board ............................................................................ 194Gambar 4.21 Sistem jaringan listrik terminal .................................................... 194Gambar 4.23 Sistem air hujan .......................................................................... 195Gambar 4.24 Sistem air limbah ........................................................................ 195Gambar 4.25 Sistem air bekas ......................................................................... 195Gambar 4.26 Sistem proteksi kebakaran ......................................................... 196Gambar 4.27 Sistem pengaman bangunan ...................................................... 196Gambar 4.28 Sistem komunikasi internal ......................................................... 197Gambar 4.29 Sistem komunikasi eksternal ...................................................... 197Gambar 4.30 Instalasi konvensional ................................................................ 197Gambar 4.31 Tongkat logam sistem faraday ................................................... 197Gambar 4.32 Sistem penangkal petir ............................................................... 197Gambar 4.33 Sistem transportasi ..................................................................... 197Gambar 4.34 Sistem pembuangan sampah ..................................................... 198Gambar 4.35 Sistem penghawaan ................................................................... 199Gambar 4.36 Lampu LED ................................................................................ 199Gambar 4.37 Lampu TL ................................................................................... 199Gambar 4.38 Sistem kontrol cctv ..................................................................... 200Gambar 4.39 Pengoprasian cctv ...................................................................... 200Gambar 4.40 Pengoprasian ramp .................................................................... 200Gambar 4.41 Tapak terpilih .............................................................................. 201Gambar 4.42 Batas selatan .............................................................................. 202Gambar 4.43 Batas barat tapak ....................................................................... 202Gambar 4.44 Foto dan jaringan penerangan tapak .......................................... 203Gambar 4.45 Batas utara tapak ....................................................................... 203Gambar 4.46 Batas timur tapak ....................................................................... 203Gambar 4.48 Batas barat tapak ....................................................................... 203Gambar 4.49 Penerangan tapak ...................................................................... 203Gambar 4.50 Jaringan listrik tapak ................................................................... 203Gambar 4.51 Vegetasi pada tapak ................................................................... 203Gambar 4.52 Rencana trayek .......................................................................... 204Gambar 4.53 Rencana peletakkan parkir ......................................................... 205Gambar 4.54 Grass block ................................................................................ 205Gambar 4.55 Jalan cor beton ........................................................................... 205Gambar 4.56 Vegetasi pada terminal ............................................................... 206Gambar 4.57 Tempat sampah ......................................................................... 206Gambar 4.58 Rain harvesting .......................................................................... 205Gambar 4.59 Sistem drainase .......................................................................... 207Gambar 4.60 Sistem penandaan ..................................................................... 207Gambar 5.1 Kerangka berfikir tema desain ...................................................... 208Gambar 5.2 Unsur transportasi ........................................................................ 209Gambar 5.3 Kerangka berpikir pemilihan bentang lebar .................................. 210Gambar 5.4 Aspek pemilihan struktur .............................................................. 212Gambar 5.5 Cable system ................................................................................ 214Gambar 5.6 Tent system .................................................................................. 214Gambar 5.7 Pneumatic system ....................................................................... 215Gambar 5.8 Arch system .................................................................................. 216Gambar 5.9 Beam system ................................................................................ 217Gambar 5.10 Frame system ............................................................................. 218Gambar 5.11 Beam grid dan slab system ........................................................ 218Gambar 5.13 Curved truss system ................................................................... 222Gambar 5.14 Space truss system .................................................................... 222Gambar 5.15 Prismatic folded system.............................................................. 223Gambar 5.16 Pyramid folded system ............................................................... 224Gambar 5.17 Rotational shell system............................................................... 224Gambar 5.18 Anticlastic shell system............................................................... 225Gambar 5.19 Terminal PuloGebang................................................................. 225Gambar 5.20 Shelter terminal PuloGebang ..................................................... 226Gambar 5.21 Analisis PuloGebang .................................................................. 226Gambar 5.22 Bilston bus station ...................................................................... 227Gambar 5.23 Interior dan Bilston bus station saat malam hari ......................... 227Gambar 5.24 Analisis Bilston bus station ......................................................... 227Gambar 5.25 Edmonton Bus station ................................................................ 228Gambar 5.26 Analisis Edmonton bus station ................................................... 228Gambar 5.27 Struktur space truss.................................................................... 229Gambar 5.28 Pembebanan Stansted Airport ................................................... 230Gambar 5.29 Contoh bangunan dengan struktur kabel dan membran ............ 232Gambar 5.30 Pola sirkulasi .............................................................................. 237Gambar 5.31 Sirkulasi menembus ruang ......................................................... 238Gambar 5.32 Penerapan sirkulasi menembus ruang ....................................... 238Gambar 5.33 Sirkulasi melewati ruang dan penerapannya .............................. 239Gambar 5.34 Sirkulasi berakhir dalam ruang ................................................... 239Gambar 5.35 Penerapan sirkulasi berakhir dalam ruang ................................. 239Gambar 5.36 Koridor tertutup ........................................................................... 239Gambar 5.38 Terminal Pudu Raya ................................................................... 240Gambar 5.39 Analisis sirkulasi Pudu Raya ...................................................... 242Gambar 5.40 Pembagian sirkulasi terminal ...................................................... 243Gambar 5.41 Sistem bus flow U ....................................................................... 244

  

o

Gambar 5.42 Sistem parkir kemiringan 45 ...................................................... 244Gambar 5.43 Sistem sirkulasi menembus ruang pada terminal ....................... 245Gambar 5.44 Sistem sirkulasi melewati ruangan pada terminal ....................... 245Gambar 5.45 Sistem sirkulasi fasilitas pengelola terminal ............................... 245Gambar 5.46 Sistem sirkulasi bangunan terminal ............................................ 246

DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 1.1 Jumlah penumpang angkutan umum dari dan ke arah selatan ........ 3Tabel 2.1 Dimensi kendaraan umum................................................................ 21Tabel 2.2 Kelas jalan di Pulau Jawa................................................................. 32Tabel 2.3 Analisa projek sejenis ....................................................................... 65Tabel 3.1 Agen bus AKDP dan AKAP yang akan diwadahi ............................. 72Tabel 3.2 Pendekatan waktu kegiatan ............................................................. 77Tabel 3.3 Pelaku-aktivitas-fasilitas utama ........................................................ 78Tabel 3.4 Pelaku-aktivitas-fasilitas pengelola ................................................... 79Tabel 3.5 Pelaku-aktivitas-fasilitas pendukung ................................................ 81Tabel 3.6 Pelaku-aktivitas-fasilitas penunjang ................................................. 81Tabel 3.7 Pelaku-aktivitas-fasilitas service ....................................................... 82Tabel 3.8 Jumlah bus tujuan dan dari selatan pada area keberangkatan Terboyo 83Tabel 3.9 Jumlah bus tujuan dan dari selatan pada area kedatangan Terboyo 83Tabel 3.10 Jumlah bus AKAP dan AKDP menurut ijin trayek ........................... 86Tabel 3.11 Jumlah angkota menurut ijin (2011-2031) ...................................... 86Tabel 3.12 Perhitungan AKAP ......................................................................... 88Tabel 3.13 Perhitungan AKDP ......................................................................... 89Tabel 3.14 Perhitungan bus kota dan BRT ...................................................... 90Tabel 3.15 Perhitungan angkota ...................................................................... 91Tabel 3.16 Perhitungan kendaraan pribadi dan taksi ....................................... 92Tabel 3.17 Perhitungan fasilitas utama ............................................................ 94Tabel 3.18 Perhitungan fasilitas pengelola ....................................................... 96Tabel 3.19 Perhitungan fasilitas pendukung .................................................... 98Tabel 3.20 Perhitungan fasilitas penunjang ..................................................... 100Tabel 3.22 Perhitungan fasilitas penunjang ..................................................... 100Tabel 3.23 Perhitungan fasilitas service ........................................................... 102Tabel 3.24 Sifat ruang fasilitas utama .............................................................. 104Tabel 3.25 Sifat ruang fasilitas pengelola ......................................................... 105Tabel 3.26 Sifat ruang fasilitas pendukung ...................................................... 106Tabel 3.27 Sifat ruang fasilitas penunjang ....................................................... 107Tabel 3.28 Sifat ruang fasilitas service ............................................................. 107Tabel 3.29 Kekurangan dan kelebihan foot plat ............................................... 118Tabel 3.30 Kekurangan dan kelebihan minipile ................................................ 118

  Tabel 3.31Kekurangan dan kelebihan struktur rangka ..................................... 119

Tabel 3.32 Kekurangan dan kelebihan plat sejajar .......................................... 120Tabel 3.33 Kekurangan dan kelebihan struktur kabel ...................................... 123Tabel 3.34 Klasifikasi rangka ruang ................................................................. 125Tabel 3.35 Pemilihan lokasi ............................................................................. 164Tabel 3.36 SWOT tapak 1 ................................................................................ 119Tabel 3.37 SWOT tapak 2 ................................................................................ 121Tabel 3.38 Pemilihan tapak .............................................................................. 121Tabel 3.39 Jenis dan persebaran potensi tanah di Semarang ......................... 123Tabel 4.1 Aktivitas-fasilitas-sifat ruang penumpang ......................................... 130Tabel 4.2 Aktivitas-fasilitas-sifat ruang kru bus ................................................ 131Tabel 4.3 Aktivitas-fasilitas-sifat ruang agen bus ............................................. 131Tabel 4.4 Aktivitas-fasilitas-sifat ruang pengantar ............................................ 131Tabel 4.5 Aktivitas-fasilitas-sifat ruang petugas taksi ....................................... 131Tabel 4.6 Aktivitas-fasilitas-sifat ruang kepala UPTD ....................................... 132Tabel 4.8 Aktivitas-fasilitas-sifat ruang staff administrasi ................................. 132Tabel 4.9 Aktivitas-fasilitas-sifat ruang staff lapangan ..................................... 133Tabel 4.10 Aktivitas-fasilitas-sifat ruang petugas medis ................................... 133Tabel 4.11 Aktivitas-fasilitas-sifat ruang mekanik bengkel ............................... 133Tabel 4.12 Aktivitas-fasilitas-sifat ruang penjual .............................................. 134Tabel 4.13 Aktivitas-fasilitas-sifat ruang keamanan dan polsek ....................... 134Tabel 4.14 Aktivitas-fasilitas-sifat ruang pengunjung ....................................... 134Tabel 4.15 Aktivitas-fasilitas-sifat ruang petugas kebersihan ........................... 134Tabel 4.16 Kebutuhan ruang luar .................................................................... 136Tabel 4.17 Kebutuhan fasilitas utama .............................................................. 137Tabel 4.18 Kebutuhan fasilitas pengelola ......................................................... 138Tabel 4.19 Kebutuhan fasilitas penunjang ....................................................... 139Tabel 4.20 Kebutuhan fasilitas service ............................................................. 140Tabel 4.21 Kebutuhan fasilitas indoor .............................................................. 140Tabel 4.22 Kebutuhan fasilitas outdoor ............................................................ 140Tabel 4.23 Program struktur ............................................................................. 141Tabel 4.24 Program enclosure ......................................................................... 143Tabel 4.25 Program sistem utilitas ................................................................... 146Tabel 4.26 Program fisika bangunan ............................................................... 151Tabel 4.27 Program teknologi bangunan ......................................................... 152Tabel 4.28 SWOT Tapak .................................................................................. 153Tabel 4.29 Program tapak ................................................................................ 156Tabel 5.1 Karakter sirkulasi .............................................................................. 185

ABSTRAK

  Kota Semarang merupakan Ibukota Provinsi Jawa Tengah yang memiliki letak strategis sebagai penghubung Provinsi Jawa Barat dan Jawa Timur. Hal ini adalah salah satu keuntungan bagi Kota Semarang. Dengan letaknya yang strategis, maka fasilitas transportasi dapat menjadi salah satu sektor pendukung perekonomian Kota Semarang.

  Tujuan perencanaan projek Terminal Bus Tipe A di Semarang ini untuk mewadahi moda angkutan umum dengan trayek arah selatan Kota Semarang dan segala kegiatan yang berhubungan dengan moda angkutan umum tersebut. Terminal Bus Tipe A di Semarang ini mengutamakan kenyamanan penggunanya, yaitu manusia dan kendaraan. Pengaturan sirkulasi sangat diperhatikan agar tidak terjadi cross circulation,

  Penggunaan struktur bentang lebar juga menjadi salah satu solusi untuk meminimalisir penggunaan kolom sehingga ruang-ruang bebas (space) dapat dimaksimalkan.

  Kata kunci : Terminal Bus Tipe A, sirkulasi dan bentang lebar