Staff Site Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta
Complex
Sent ence
wit h an adver bial clause
Wr it ing 1
Sar i Hidayat i, M.A
sar i_hid@yahoo.com/ sar i_hidayat i@uny.ac.id
A complex sent ence :
A sent ence t hat consist s of independent clause
(main clause) and dependent clause (subordinat e
clause)
There are t hree kinds of dependent clauses:
1.
2.
3.
v
Adj ect ive Clause (Relat ive Clause)
Adverbial Clause
Noun Clause
This unit f ocuses on complex sent ences
wit h adverbial clauses.
An adverb clause is :
a dependent clause t hat f unct ions as an
adverb.
It can t ell when, wher e, why, how, how
l ong, how f ar, how of t en, and f or what
pur pose somet hing happened.
An adverb clause can also express a
cont rast .
Kinds of Adver b Clauses
• Time clauses answer
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
t he quest ion “ When?”
Place clauses answer t he quest ion “ Where?”
Clauses of manner answer t he quest ion “ How?”
Dist ance clauses answer t he quest ion “ How f ar?”
Fr equency clauses answer t he quest ion “ How of t en?”
Pur pose clauses answer t he quest ion “ For what
int ent ion?”
Result clauses answer t he quest ion “ For what ef f ect ?”
Condit ional clauses answer t he quest ion “ Under what
circumst ance?”
Cont rast clauses show how one t hing dif f ers f rom
anot her
Punct uat ion of Adverb Clauses
The punct uat ion of an adverb clause depends on t he
order of t he clauses.
When an adverb clause comes f irst in a sent ence,
put a comma af t er it .
When an adverb clause f ollows an independent
clause, do not separat e t he clauses wit h a
comma.
Because humans ar e cur ious animals, t hey const ant ly explor e t he wor ld.
adverb clause
main clause
Humans const ant ly explor e t he wor ld because t hey ar e cur ious animals.
main clause
adverb clause
OTHER EXAMPLES :
A.
When he handed in his homework , he f orgot t o give
t he t eacher t he last page.
B.
The t eacher ret urned t he homework aft er she not iced
t he error.
C.
The st udent s are st udying because t hey have a t est
t omorrow.
D.
Af t er t hey f inished st udying, Jef f and Pam went t o t he
movies.
E.
Jef f and Pam went t o t he movies aft er t hey f inished
st udying.
Not e : t he adverb clauses are underlined.
v When a complex sent ence begins wit h a
subordinat or, such as sent ences A and D,
a comma i s r equi r ed at t he end of t he
dependent clause.
v When t he independent clause begins t he
sent ence wit h subordinat ors in t he
middle, as in sent ences B, C, and E, no
comma i s r equi r ed .
v
If a comma is placed bef ore t he
subordinat ors in sent ences B, C, and E,
i t i s wr ong.
v Not e t hat sent ences D and E are t he
same, except t hat sent ence D begins wit h
t he adverb clause which is f ollowed by a
comma, and sent ence E begins wit h t he
main clause which cont ains no comma.
v The comma af t er t he dependent clause in
sent ence D is required, and exper ienced
list ener s of English will oft en hear a
slight pause t her e.
v In sent ence E, however, t here will be no
pause when t he independent clause
begins t he sent ence.
Connect or s for Adver b Clauses
For complet e explanat ions of connect ors f or
adverb clauses, please ref er t o
Oshima & Hogue (1997)
Int r oduct i on t o Academi c Wr i t i ng
PRACTICE 1 – Complex Sent ence Const r uct ion
Const ruct complex sent ences cont aining adverb
clause f ollowing t he appropriat e f unct ion and
using appropriat e connect ors of t he clause.
1. Everyone should know what t o do. An
eart hquake st rike.
2. There are a f ew places of business. A credit
card is not accept ed t here.
3. The art if act s were of hist oric value.
Ant hropologist s f rom several universit ies came
t o st udy t hem.
4. Scient ist s know why eart hquakes happen. They
are st ill not able t o predict t hem.
5. Chemicals are added t o many f oods. The f oods
will st ay f resh longer.
PRACTICE 2 – SENTENCE COMPLETION
Using t he prompt given, complet e t he sent ences
using t he appropriat e adverb clauses.
1.
The company president would not have resigned
if _________________________________
2.
People like t o buy organic f arm produce so t hat
___________________________________
3.
In recent years, Asian medical t echniques such as
acupunct ure have gained accept ance in t he West
even t hough ________________________
4.
Sout h Korea is becoming an economic superpower
because ____________________________
5.
You cannot use your credit card unt il __________
v
WRITING PRACTICE
Writ e complex sent ences cont aining an
adverb clause as a response t o t he
f oll owing pict ures
Sent ence
wit h an adver bial clause
Wr it ing 1
Sar i Hidayat i, M.A
sar i_hid@yahoo.com/ sar i_hidayat i@uny.ac.id
A complex sent ence :
A sent ence t hat consist s of independent clause
(main clause) and dependent clause (subordinat e
clause)
There are t hree kinds of dependent clauses:
1.
2.
3.
v
Adj ect ive Clause (Relat ive Clause)
Adverbial Clause
Noun Clause
This unit f ocuses on complex sent ences
wit h adverbial clauses.
An adverb clause is :
a dependent clause t hat f unct ions as an
adverb.
It can t ell when, wher e, why, how, how
l ong, how f ar, how of t en, and f or what
pur pose somet hing happened.
An adverb clause can also express a
cont rast .
Kinds of Adver b Clauses
• Time clauses answer
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
t he quest ion “ When?”
Place clauses answer t he quest ion “ Where?”
Clauses of manner answer t he quest ion “ How?”
Dist ance clauses answer t he quest ion “ How f ar?”
Fr equency clauses answer t he quest ion “ How of t en?”
Pur pose clauses answer t he quest ion “ For what
int ent ion?”
Result clauses answer t he quest ion “ For what ef f ect ?”
Condit ional clauses answer t he quest ion “ Under what
circumst ance?”
Cont rast clauses show how one t hing dif f ers f rom
anot her
Punct uat ion of Adverb Clauses
The punct uat ion of an adverb clause depends on t he
order of t he clauses.
When an adverb clause comes f irst in a sent ence,
put a comma af t er it .
When an adverb clause f ollows an independent
clause, do not separat e t he clauses wit h a
comma.
Because humans ar e cur ious animals, t hey const ant ly explor e t he wor ld.
adverb clause
main clause
Humans const ant ly explor e t he wor ld because t hey ar e cur ious animals.
main clause
adverb clause
OTHER EXAMPLES :
A.
When he handed in his homework , he f orgot t o give
t he t eacher t he last page.
B.
The t eacher ret urned t he homework aft er she not iced
t he error.
C.
The st udent s are st udying because t hey have a t est
t omorrow.
D.
Af t er t hey f inished st udying, Jef f and Pam went t o t he
movies.
E.
Jef f and Pam went t o t he movies aft er t hey f inished
st udying.
Not e : t he adverb clauses are underlined.
v When a complex sent ence begins wit h a
subordinat or, such as sent ences A and D,
a comma i s r equi r ed at t he end of t he
dependent clause.
v When t he independent clause begins t he
sent ence wit h subordinat ors in t he
middle, as in sent ences B, C, and E, no
comma i s r equi r ed .
v
If a comma is placed bef ore t he
subordinat ors in sent ences B, C, and E,
i t i s wr ong.
v Not e t hat sent ences D and E are t he
same, except t hat sent ence D begins wit h
t he adverb clause which is f ollowed by a
comma, and sent ence E begins wit h t he
main clause which cont ains no comma.
v The comma af t er t he dependent clause in
sent ence D is required, and exper ienced
list ener s of English will oft en hear a
slight pause t her e.
v In sent ence E, however, t here will be no
pause when t he independent clause
begins t he sent ence.
Connect or s for Adver b Clauses
For complet e explanat ions of connect ors f or
adverb clauses, please ref er t o
Oshima & Hogue (1997)
Int r oduct i on t o Academi c Wr i t i ng
PRACTICE 1 – Complex Sent ence Const r uct ion
Const ruct complex sent ences cont aining adverb
clause f ollowing t he appropriat e f unct ion and
using appropriat e connect ors of t he clause.
1. Everyone should know what t o do. An
eart hquake st rike.
2. There are a f ew places of business. A credit
card is not accept ed t here.
3. The art if act s were of hist oric value.
Ant hropologist s f rom several universit ies came
t o st udy t hem.
4. Scient ist s know why eart hquakes happen. They
are st ill not able t o predict t hem.
5. Chemicals are added t o many f oods. The f oods
will st ay f resh longer.
PRACTICE 2 – SENTENCE COMPLETION
Using t he prompt given, complet e t he sent ences
using t he appropriat e adverb clauses.
1.
The company president would not have resigned
if _________________________________
2.
People like t o buy organic f arm produce so t hat
___________________________________
3.
In recent years, Asian medical t echniques such as
acupunct ure have gained accept ance in t he West
even t hough ________________________
4.
Sout h Korea is becoming an economic superpower
because ____________________________
5.
You cannot use your credit card unt il __________
v
WRITING PRACTICE
Writ e complex sent ences cont aining an
adverb clause as a response t o t he
f oll owing pict ures