VIOLATED MAXIM IN THE AMAZING SPIDER-MAN 2 MOVIE.
VIOLATED MAXIM IN THE AMAZING
SPIDER-MAN 2 MOVIE
A THESIS
Submitted as the Partial Fullfillment of the Requirement for
the Degree of Sarjana Sastra
By :
SOFA PRIYANDAYANI NASUTION
Registration Number 2111620013
ENGLISH AND LITERATURE DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF LANGUAGES AND ARTS
STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN
2015
DECLARATION
I have familiarized my self with the University’s Policy on Academic
integrity. Except where appropriately acknowledged, this thesis is my own work,
has been expressed in my own words, and has not been previously been submitted
for assessment.
I understand that this paper may be screened electronically or otherwise
for plagiarism.
Medan,
June 2015
Sofa Priyandayani Nasution
Reg. No. 2111620013
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
In the name of Allah, the most Gracious and the most Merciful. Praise and
Gratitude are only for Allah, the Lord of universe, who has given the
extraordinary mercy succeeding to researcher in making her thesis.
This thesis is aimed to fulfill one of the requirements to obtain the S1 degree
of Sarjana Sastra at English Department in Faculty of Languages and Arts, State
University of Medan.
In completing her thesis, the researcher realized that she
faced some
problems and she had received the academic guidance, suggestions, and
comments and got a lot of assistance and moral support from many people.
Therefore, the researcher would like to express her gratitude and special thanks
to:
Prof. Dr. Syawal Gultom, M.Pd., the Rector of State University of
Medan.
Arts, State University of Medan.
Dr. Isda Pramuniati, M.Hum., the Dean of Faculty of Languages and
Prof. Dr. Hj. Sumarsih, M.Pd. as the Head of English and Literature
Department all at once as her Thesis Examiner for the guidance in the
process of completing this thesis.
Dra. Meisuri, M.A. as the Secretary of English and Literature
Department. Syamsul Bahri, S.S, M.Hum, Head of Applied Linguistics,
and also to Nora Ronita Dewi, S.Pd, M.Hum, as the Head of English
Education for all suggestions and administrative during her study
especially in conducting the thesis.
Dr. Siti Aisah Ginting, M.Pd., her Thesis Consultant, Dr. Rahmah,
M.Hum.,
as
her
Academic
Adviser,
and
also
Prof.
Amrin
Saragih,M.A., Ph.D., Drs. Elia Masa Gintings, M.Hum and Drs.
Johan Sinulingga, M.Pd., as her Thesis Examiners who have given their
precious time, guidance, suggestions, and comments.
ii
All Lecturers of English Department who have taught, guided, and
advised her through out the academic years that could not be mentioned
one by one.
Department, for their attention, assistance,and information.
Eis Sri Wahyuni, M.Pd., the Administration Staff of English
Her so much love and thanks dedicate to her beloved parents; her lovely
father Sopian Nasution, her beloved mother Farida Hutabarat. S.Pd.,
her lovely sisters Apriani Adha Nasution and Annisa Khairani
Nasution and all his families for their endless love, pray, inspiration,
motivation, and phychological support and everything that they have
given to the writer during her whole life.
one by one.
All her classmates in Sastra A and B 2011 who cannot be mentioned
Her beloved friends, Martha, Christina, Ika, Ayu, Kiki, Ecak, Dinda,
David Sihite, Rezeki Sofyan, Sofyan, Serius and Jhon for their endless
support, attention, pray and love, jokes and beautiful day spent together.
All her boarding house mates Lastri, Melda, Kiki, Anisa, Rina, Diah
and Nisa, Tiwi, Putri, Sukma, Ririn, and Citra for their kindness in
sharing time together.
Her foremost and deepest thanks to her the one and only best friend, Rio
Isnan, for teaching her the balance of life, affection, laugh and patience
in accompanying the writer time by time.
The writer realizes that this thesis is still far from being perfect. She hopes
that this thesis would be useful for those who are read and interested in the field of
this study.
Medan, June 2015
The writer,
Sofa Priyandayani Nasution
Reg No. 2111620013
iii
ABSTRACT
Nasution, Sofa Priyandayani. 2111620013. Violated Maxim in The
Amazing Spider-Man 2 Movie. A Thesis, English Department. Faculty of
Languages and Arts. State University of Medan. 2015.
This study is concerned with an analysis of Grice’s Cooperative Principles which
are constituted in a conversation. This research was conducted by using
qualitative method. The analysis particularly discusses the violation of maxim in
the utterances, which are described in four types. They are the maxim of quantity
maxim of quality, maxim of relation and maxim of manner. The data of this study
are the utterances of the main character in The Amazing Spider-Man 2 movie. The
utterances which contain violated maxim are identified and analyzed. The
findings show that there are 51 utterances violation of maxim in The Amazing
Spider-Man 2 movie. Those are 20 utterances (39.2%) violation of maxim relation
and it can be concluded as the dominat type violated, 16 (31.5%) for maxim of
quantity as the second largest number violated and 8 (15.6%) for the maxim of
quality. The last, those are 7 utterances (13.7%) violated maxim of manner. It
shows that the maxim of manner is the lowest number. Based on the analysis,
there are the reasons as the main backgrounds which prompt the main character
named Peter Parker to violate the maxims. The reasons are to keep the secret and
change the topic.
Keywords : Violated maxim, The Amazing Spider-Man 2 Movie.
i
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Pages
ABSTRACT ...................................................................................................
i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ..........................................................................
ii
TABLE OF CONTENT ................................................................................
iv
LIST OF TABLE ...........................................................................................
vi
LIST OF APPENDICES ...............................................................................
vii
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION
A. The Background of the Study .........................................................
1
B. The Problem of the Study ................................................................
4
C. The Objective of the Study ..............................................................
4
D. The Scope of the Study ...................................................................
5
E. The Significance of the Study .........................................................
5
CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF LITERATURE
A. Pragmatics .......................................................................................
7
B. Cooperative Principle ......................................................................
9
1.
Maxim of Quantity ..............................................................
11
2.
Maxim of Quality ................................................................
11
3.
Maxim of Relation ...............................................................
12
4.
Maxim of Manner ................................................................
12
C. Purpose of Violated Maxim ............................................................
14
1.
To Show Respect .................................................................
14
2.
To Creat Hyperbole and Irony .............................................
14
3.
To Change the Topic ...........................................................
15
4.
To Creat a Secret .................................................................
15
5.
To Creat Humors .................................................................
16
D. Movie ..............................................................................................
17
iv
E. The Amazing Spider-Man 2 Movie .................................................
18
F. Biography of The Author .................................................................
21
G. Conceptual Framework ...................................................................
23
CHAPTER III: THE RESEARCH METHOD
A. Research Design ..............................................................................
25
B. The Source of the Data ....................................................................
25
C. The Technique of Collecting Data ..................................................
26
D. The Technique of Analyzing Data ..................................................
26
CHAPTER IV: DATA AND DATA ANALYSIS
A.The Data ...........................................................................................
28
B. The Data Analysis ...........................................................................
28
1.
Violation Maxim of Quantity ..............................................
29
2.
Violation Maxim of Quality ................................................
31
3.
Violation Maxim of Relation ...............................................
32
4.
Violation Maxim of Manner ................................................
34
C. Research Findings ............................................................................
36
C. Discussion ........................................................................................
37
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
A.Conclusions ......................................................................................
39
B. Suggestions ......................................................................................
39
REFERENCES ..............................................................................................
41
APPENDICES ................................................................................................
42
v
LIST OF TABLE
Page
Table 4.1 The Percentages Overview of Violation Maxims ..........................
vi
29
LIST OF APPENDICES
Pages
APPENDIX A
The List of Violated Maxim Analysis ................................
APPENDIX B
Dialogues Transcription in The Amazing
Spider-Man 2 Movie
vii
42
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. The Background of the Study
People use language to communicate and exchange their thoughts, ideas,
feelings, knowledge and assumption. In the communication, they use words or
sentences to send their messages, and expect the hearers to understand what they
intend to mean. It is important for the speakers to understand that language used
can determine the success of communication. The easiest way to do this is to utter
a sentence which means literally like what they say.
However, in daily conversation this ideal communication does not always
occur for some reasons. People sometimes use sentences which are not related to
what the exact meaning. What they literally say might have another meaning. It
means that sometimes a speaker does not always use a clear word or sentence in
conveying his purpose. The listener sometimes gives response to the speaker by
using a sentence that implies something. This condition surely can make
misunderstanding between what is said and what is meant and also because this
distinction make the communication will be failed.
People have to give contribution or messages which can be understood by
listeners. To make the conversation gone well, the speaker and listener have to
obey the principles in communication which manage their act, their using
language, and the interpretation of their act and speech. The rules called
Cooperative Principle that should be obeyed in order to achieve a cooperative
communication among speaker(s) and listener(s). The Cooperative Principle
1
2
describes how people interact with one another. People use the cooperative
principle to cooperate with the others by giving some utterances which can be
understood easily and to interpret those utterences by assuming that those
utterances are obeying the principle.
People disobey the cooperative principle in their conversation. The
conversation is not always relevant to the interaction and the way in which they
are saying something. In other word, it can be said that what the speaker say is
unclear. If the speakers do all of those intentionally, that means they violate the
maxims of cooperative principles.
Researchers who conducted analysis on violated maxims have been done
previously. Sobhani and Saghebi (2014) analyzed The Violation of Cooperative
Principles and For Maxims in Iranian Psychological Consultation. This research
showed that the violation of cooperative principles maxims often happens due to
the delicately complex essence of the psychological consulting context. The
psychiatrist needs to keep conversations on track by violating one or more
cooperative principles maxims to have a successful case because difficult for
patients to share their own feelings, ideas, problems or even objections regarding
specific issues, usually reminders of nostalgic or sad memories. Therefore,
patients manage to avoid telling the truth by telling irrelevant stories that do not
have much to do with their real problems.
Alduais (2012) has been concluded in his research Conversational
Implicature (Flouting the Maxims) Applying Conversational Maxims on Examples
Taken from Non-Standard Arabic Language, Yemeni Dialect, an Idiolect Spoken
3
at IBB City elucidated that Grice’s theory and principles do apply on non-standart
Arabic languge and the principles which Grice has suggested seem to coincide in
their applicability with Arabic language just like as it is in the English Language.
Another researchers that set out to analyze the violated maxims are Mukaro,
Mugari and Dhumukwa (2013) studied about Violation of Conversational Maxims
in Shona. This research showed that how Shona speakers violate the cooperative
principles through non observance of its attendant maxims. It is also important to
note that Shona Speakers violate maxim for some reasons like they violated the
maxim of quantity to save time by not giving more details or by giving a summary
of the account and they do so using different phrases or sentences which act as
hedges.
Same as the previous researchers above, this research also analyze the
violated maxim in conversation or dialogue. Furthermore, conversation itself
consist of two kinds, spoken and written. We can find the conversation spoken
such as talk shows or interviews in television and in written such as dialogues in a
play and in a movie.
Movie as the visual communication has a conversation between the main
character with the other characters. The conversation affect good or not the movie
is. Therefore, the movie script writer have to create a good dialogue.
The Amazing Spider-Man 2 movie is the movie that will be a souce of the
data because it was one of the best superhero film in 2014. This study aims to
analyze how the main character named Peter Parker do the violated maxim rules
because of condition that led him to hide his identity as the Spider-Man to other
4
people. Such as Parker want to change the topic indirectly can deliberately violate
the maxim of relation by being irrelevent in giving his utterences and he also
deliberately violate the maxim of manner by use some unclear expression to keep
his secret as the Spider-Man. Indeed, the maxims that violated by Peter Parker as
the main character make this movie to be the audiences preferred.
B. The Problems of the Study
Related on the background of this study, the research problems were
formulated the following
a.
What kinds of maxims are violated in The Amazing Spider-Man 2
movie?
b.
Which maxim is dominantly violated in The Amazing Spider-Man 2
movie?
c.
Why is the dominant type violated in The Amazing Spider-Man 2
movie?
C. The Objectives of the Study
In relation to the problems, the objectives of the study are
1.
Describing the violation of maxim that are used in The Amazing
Spider-Man 2 movie,
2.
Deriving the dominant violation of maxim that are used in The
Amazing Spider-Man 2 movie, and
5
3.
Reasoning for the type of maxim dominantly violated in The Amazing
Spider-Man 2 movie.
D. The Scope of the Study
This scope of this study was limited to the maxim violation as found in The
Amazing Spider-Man 2 movie. Futher this research was concerned and analyzed
only the violated maxim that was uttered by the main character namely Peter
Parker with the other characters. The research focuses on the violating of four
maxims; they are maxim of quality, maxim of quantity, maxim of relation, and
maxim of manner based on Grice’s theory of Cooperative Principles.
E. The Significances of Study
Findings of the study were expected to be relevant theoretically and
practically.
Theoretically the findings are expected.
(1) To add up new horizon in theory of pragmatics, and
(2) Become references for further studies.
Practically the findings expected to be useful for
(1) the students to avoid and decrease the maxim violation usage when they
perform a talk exchange or conversation,
(2) for the teachers as a teaching material, and
6
(3) for the other reseachers as inspiration to conduct a more in-dept
research in order to have a better knowledge in understanding the
meaning and message contains in a talk axchage.
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
A.
Conclusions
Based on the above findings of this study, it can be concluded that :
1. There were four types violation maxims in The Amazing Spider-Man 2
movie. The total number of maxim were violated in the script were 51
violation maxims. There were 16 (31.5%) utterences of violated maxim of
quantity, 8 (15.6%) violated maxim of quality, 20 (39.2%) violated maxim
of relation and 7 ( 13.7%) violated maxim of manner.
2. The result showed that the dominat type of maxims which was violated in
The Amazing Spider-Man 2 was the violated maxim of relation.
3. Violated maxim of relation was the dominant in The Amazing Spider-Man 2
movie because the main character did not give a relevant contribute to
something being talked about, which was aimed at keeping his secret as the
spider-man to other people.
B.
Suggestions
Having conducted a research about an analysis of violation maxim, it is
useful to consider the following suggestions :
1. Understanding the maxim would help people when conducted a
conversation whether as speaker or hearer. To everyone who are talking or
speaking especially in a formal situation should give complete, clear, true,
39
40
and orderly information. Breaking the maxim or creating violation of maxim
is dangerous, because it could trigger the wrong perception of the listener.
2. It is suggested that not only the students but also everyone should have a
good knowledge of the use of maxim to avoid the violation of maxim
because not every person know the violation of maxim.
REFERENCES
Alduais, A.M.S. 2012. Conversational Implicature (Flouting the Maxims):
Applying Conversational Maxims on Examples Taken from Non-Standard
Arabic Language, Yemeni Dialect, an Idiolect Spoken at IBB City.
Journal of Sociological Research, ISSN 1948-5468 Vol. 3, No. 2.
Cook, G. 1989. Discourse.Oxford : Oxford University.
Cruse, D. A 2006. A Glossary of Semantics and Pragmatics. Edinburgh :
University Press.
Dawson. C. 2002. Practical Research Methods. Oxford : United Kingdom.
Field, Syd. 2005. Screenplay the Fondations of Screen Writing. New York :
Bantam Dell.
Kreidler, C. 1998. Introducing English Semantics. New York: Routledge.
Levinson,S. 1983. Pragmatics. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press.
May, Jacob. L. 2009. Concise Encyclopedia of Pragmatics. Denmark : University
Of Southern Denmark.
Mukaro, L., Mugari, V and Dhumukwa, A. 2013. Violation of Conversational
Maxims in Shona. Journal of Comparative Literature and Culture (JCLC)
ISSN 2325-2200 Vol. 2, No 4.
Nazir, M. 1988. Metode Penelitian. Jakarta : Ghalia Indonesia
Shobhani, A, and Saghebi, A. 2014. The Violation of Cooperative Principles and
For Maxims in Iranian Psychological Consultation. Open Journal of
Modern Linguistics, 4,91-99.
Yule, G. 1996. Pragmatics. Oxford : Oxford University.
http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movie. Accessed on January 5 2015
http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Amazing_Spider-Man_2.
January 2015
Accessed
http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stan-Lee. Accessed on 6 January 2015
41
on
6
SPIDER-MAN 2 MOVIE
A THESIS
Submitted as the Partial Fullfillment of the Requirement for
the Degree of Sarjana Sastra
By :
SOFA PRIYANDAYANI NASUTION
Registration Number 2111620013
ENGLISH AND LITERATURE DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF LANGUAGES AND ARTS
STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN
2015
DECLARATION
I have familiarized my self with the University’s Policy on Academic
integrity. Except where appropriately acknowledged, this thesis is my own work,
has been expressed in my own words, and has not been previously been submitted
for assessment.
I understand that this paper may be screened electronically or otherwise
for plagiarism.
Medan,
June 2015
Sofa Priyandayani Nasution
Reg. No. 2111620013
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
In the name of Allah, the most Gracious and the most Merciful. Praise and
Gratitude are only for Allah, the Lord of universe, who has given the
extraordinary mercy succeeding to researcher in making her thesis.
This thesis is aimed to fulfill one of the requirements to obtain the S1 degree
of Sarjana Sastra at English Department in Faculty of Languages and Arts, State
University of Medan.
In completing her thesis, the researcher realized that she
faced some
problems and she had received the academic guidance, suggestions, and
comments and got a lot of assistance and moral support from many people.
Therefore, the researcher would like to express her gratitude and special thanks
to:
Prof. Dr. Syawal Gultom, M.Pd., the Rector of State University of
Medan.
Arts, State University of Medan.
Dr. Isda Pramuniati, M.Hum., the Dean of Faculty of Languages and
Prof. Dr. Hj. Sumarsih, M.Pd. as the Head of English and Literature
Department all at once as her Thesis Examiner for the guidance in the
process of completing this thesis.
Dra. Meisuri, M.A. as the Secretary of English and Literature
Department. Syamsul Bahri, S.S, M.Hum, Head of Applied Linguistics,
and also to Nora Ronita Dewi, S.Pd, M.Hum, as the Head of English
Education for all suggestions and administrative during her study
especially in conducting the thesis.
Dr. Siti Aisah Ginting, M.Pd., her Thesis Consultant, Dr. Rahmah,
M.Hum.,
as
her
Academic
Adviser,
and
also
Prof.
Amrin
Saragih,M.A., Ph.D., Drs. Elia Masa Gintings, M.Hum and Drs.
Johan Sinulingga, M.Pd., as her Thesis Examiners who have given their
precious time, guidance, suggestions, and comments.
ii
All Lecturers of English Department who have taught, guided, and
advised her through out the academic years that could not be mentioned
one by one.
Department, for their attention, assistance,and information.
Eis Sri Wahyuni, M.Pd., the Administration Staff of English
Her so much love and thanks dedicate to her beloved parents; her lovely
father Sopian Nasution, her beloved mother Farida Hutabarat. S.Pd.,
her lovely sisters Apriani Adha Nasution and Annisa Khairani
Nasution and all his families for their endless love, pray, inspiration,
motivation, and phychological support and everything that they have
given to the writer during her whole life.
one by one.
All her classmates in Sastra A and B 2011 who cannot be mentioned
Her beloved friends, Martha, Christina, Ika, Ayu, Kiki, Ecak, Dinda,
David Sihite, Rezeki Sofyan, Sofyan, Serius and Jhon for their endless
support, attention, pray and love, jokes and beautiful day spent together.
All her boarding house mates Lastri, Melda, Kiki, Anisa, Rina, Diah
and Nisa, Tiwi, Putri, Sukma, Ririn, and Citra for their kindness in
sharing time together.
Her foremost and deepest thanks to her the one and only best friend, Rio
Isnan, for teaching her the balance of life, affection, laugh and patience
in accompanying the writer time by time.
The writer realizes that this thesis is still far from being perfect. She hopes
that this thesis would be useful for those who are read and interested in the field of
this study.
Medan, June 2015
The writer,
Sofa Priyandayani Nasution
Reg No. 2111620013
iii
ABSTRACT
Nasution, Sofa Priyandayani. 2111620013. Violated Maxim in The
Amazing Spider-Man 2 Movie. A Thesis, English Department. Faculty of
Languages and Arts. State University of Medan. 2015.
This study is concerned with an analysis of Grice’s Cooperative Principles which
are constituted in a conversation. This research was conducted by using
qualitative method. The analysis particularly discusses the violation of maxim in
the utterances, which are described in four types. They are the maxim of quantity
maxim of quality, maxim of relation and maxim of manner. The data of this study
are the utterances of the main character in The Amazing Spider-Man 2 movie. The
utterances which contain violated maxim are identified and analyzed. The
findings show that there are 51 utterances violation of maxim in The Amazing
Spider-Man 2 movie. Those are 20 utterances (39.2%) violation of maxim relation
and it can be concluded as the dominat type violated, 16 (31.5%) for maxim of
quantity as the second largest number violated and 8 (15.6%) for the maxim of
quality. The last, those are 7 utterances (13.7%) violated maxim of manner. It
shows that the maxim of manner is the lowest number. Based on the analysis,
there are the reasons as the main backgrounds which prompt the main character
named Peter Parker to violate the maxims. The reasons are to keep the secret and
change the topic.
Keywords : Violated maxim, The Amazing Spider-Man 2 Movie.
i
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Pages
ABSTRACT ...................................................................................................
i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ..........................................................................
ii
TABLE OF CONTENT ................................................................................
iv
LIST OF TABLE ...........................................................................................
vi
LIST OF APPENDICES ...............................................................................
vii
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION
A. The Background of the Study .........................................................
1
B. The Problem of the Study ................................................................
4
C. The Objective of the Study ..............................................................
4
D. The Scope of the Study ...................................................................
5
E. The Significance of the Study .........................................................
5
CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF LITERATURE
A. Pragmatics .......................................................................................
7
B. Cooperative Principle ......................................................................
9
1.
Maxim of Quantity ..............................................................
11
2.
Maxim of Quality ................................................................
11
3.
Maxim of Relation ...............................................................
12
4.
Maxim of Manner ................................................................
12
C. Purpose of Violated Maxim ............................................................
14
1.
To Show Respect .................................................................
14
2.
To Creat Hyperbole and Irony .............................................
14
3.
To Change the Topic ...........................................................
15
4.
To Creat a Secret .................................................................
15
5.
To Creat Humors .................................................................
16
D. Movie ..............................................................................................
17
iv
E. The Amazing Spider-Man 2 Movie .................................................
18
F. Biography of The Author .................................................................
21
G. Conceptual Framework ...................................................................
23
CHAPTER III: THE RESEARCH METHOD
A. Research Design ..............................................................................
25
B. The Source of the Data ....................................................................
25
C. The Technique of Collecting Data ..................................................
26
D. The Technique of Analyzing Data ..................................................
26
CHAPTER IV: DATA AND DATA ANALYSIS
A.The Data ...........................................................................................
28
B. The Data Analysis ...........................................................................
28
1.
Violation Maxim of Quantity ..............................................
29
2.
Violation Maxim of Quality ................................................
31
3.
Violation Maxim of Relation ...............................................
32
4.
Violation Maxim of Manner ................................................
34
C. Research Findings ............................................................................
36
C. Discussion ........................................................................................
37
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
A.Conclusions ......................................................................................
39
B. Suggestions ......................................................................................
39
REFERENCES ..............................................................................................
41
APPENDICES ................................................................................................
42
v
LIST OF TABLE
Page
Table 4.1 The Percentages Overview of Violation Maxims ..........................
vi
29
LIST OF APPENDICES
Pages
APPENDIX A
The List of Violated Maxim Analysis ................................
APPENDIX B
Dialogues Transcription in The Amazing
Spider-Man 2 Movie
vii
42
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. The Background of the Study
People use language to communicate and exchange their thoughts, ideas,
feelings, knowledge and assumption. In the communication, they use words or
sentences to send their messages, and expect the hearers to understand what they
intend to mean. It is important for the speakers to understand that language used
can determine the success of communication. The easiest way to do this is to utter
a sentence which means literally like what they say.
However, in daily conversation this ideal communication does not always
occur for some reasons. People sometimes use sentences which are not related to
what the exact meaning. What they literally say might have another meaning. It
means that sometimes a speaker does not always use a clear word or sentence in
conveying his purpose. The listener sometimes gives response to the speaker by
using a sentence that implies something. This condition surely can make
misunderstanding between what is said and what is meant and also because this
distinction make the communication will be failed.
People have to give contribution or messages which can be understood by
listeners. To make the conversation gone well, the speaker and listener have to
obey the principles in communication which manage their act, their using
language, and the interpretation of their act and speech. The rules called
Cooperative Principle that should be obeyed in order to achieve a cooperative
communication among speaker(s) and listener(s). The Cooperative Principle
1
2
describes how people interact with one another. People use the cooperative
principle to cooperate with the others by giving some utterances which can be
understood easily and to interpret those utterences by assuming that those
utterances are obeying the principle.
People disobey the cooperative principle in their conversation. The
conversation is not always relevant to the interaction and the way in which they
are saying something. In other word, it can be said that what the speaker say is
unclear. If the speakers do all of those intentionally, that means they violate the
maxims of cooperative principles.
Researchers who conducted analysis on violated maxims have been done
previously. Sobhani and Saghebi (2014) analyzed The Violation of Cooperative
Principles and For Maxims in Iranian Psychological Consultation. This research
showed that the violation of cooperative principles maxims often happens due to
the delicately complex essence of the psychological consulting context. The
psychiatrist needs to keep conversations on track by violating one or more
cooperative principles maxims to have a successful case because difficult for
patients to share their own feelings, ideas, problems or even objections regarding
specific issues, usually reminders of nostalgic or sad memories. Therefore,
patients manage to avoid telling the truth by telling irrelevant stories that do not
have much to do with their real problems.
Alduais (2012) has been concluded in his research Conversational
Implicature (Flouting the Maxims) Applying Conversational Maxims on Examples
Taken from Non-Standard Arabic Language, Yemeni Dialect, an Idiolect Spoken
3
at IBB City elucidated that Grice’s theory and principles do apply on non-standart
Arabic languge and the principles which Grice has suggested seem to coincide in
their applicability with Arabic language just like as it is in the English Language.
Another researchers that set out to analyze the violated maxims are Mukaro,
Mugari and Dhumukwa (2013) studied about Violation of Conversational Maxims
in Shona. This research showed that how Shona speakers violate the cooperative
principles through non observance of its attendant maxims. It is also important to
note that Shona Speakers violate maxim for some reasons like they violated the
maxim of quantity to save time by not giving more details or by giving a summary
of the account and they do so using different phrases or sentences which act as
hedges.
Same as the previous researchers above, this research also analyze the
violated maxim in conversation or dialogue. Furthermore, conversation itself
consist of two kinds, spoken and written. We can find the conversation spoken
such as talk shows or interviews in television and in written such as dialogues in a
play and in a movie.
Movie as the visual communication has a conversation between the main
character with the other characters. The conversation affect good or not the movie
is. Therefore, the movie script writer have to create a good dialogue.
The Amazing Spider-Man 2 movie is the movie that will be a souce of the
data because it was one of the best superhero film in 2014. This study aims to
analyze how the main character named Peter Parker do the violated maxim rules
because of condition that led him to hide his identity as the Spider-Man to other
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people. Such as Parker want to change the topic indirectly can deliberately violate
the maxim of relation by being irrelevent in giving his utterences and he also
deliberately violate the maxim of manner by use some unclear expression to keep
his secret as the Spider-Man. Indeed, the maxims that violated by Peter Parker as
the main character make this movie to be the audiences preferred.
B. The Problems of the Study
Related on the background of this study, the research problems were
formulated the following
a.
What kinds of maxims are violated in The Amazing Spider-Man 2
movie?
b.
Which maxim is dominantly violated in The Amazing Spider-Man 2
movie?
c.
Why is the dominant type violated in The Amazing Spider-Man 2
movie?
C. The Objectives of the Study
In relation to the problems, the objectives of the study are
1.
Describing the violation of maxim that are used in The Amazing
Spider-Man 2 movie,
2.
Deriving the dominant violation of maxim that are used in The
Amazing Spider-Man 2 movie, and
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3.
Reasoning for the type of maxim dominantly violated in The Amazing
Spider-Man 2 movie.
D. The Scope of the Study
This scope of this study was limited to the maxim violation as found in The
Amazing Spider-Man 2 movie. Futher this research was concerned and analyzed
only the violated maxim that was uttered by the main character namely Peter
Parker with the other characters. The research focuses on the violating of four
maxims; they are maxim of quality, maxim of quantity, maxim of relation, and
maxim of manner based on Grice’s theory of Cooperative Principles.
E. The Significances of Study
Findings of the study were expected to be relevant theoretically and
practically.
Theoretically the findings are expected.
(1) To add up new horizon in theory of pragmatics, and
(2) Become references for further studies.
Practically the findings expected to be useful for
(1) the students to avoid and decrease the maxim violation usage when they
perform a talk exchange or conversation,
(2) for the teachers as a teaching material, and
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(3) for the other reseachers as inspiration to conduct a more in-dept
research in order to have a better knowledge in understanding the
meaning and message contains in a talk axchage.
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
A.
Conclusions
Based on the above findings of this study, it can be concluded that :
1. There were four types violation maxims in The Amazing Spider-Man 2
movie. The total number of maxim were violated in the script were 51
violation maxims. There were 16 (31.5%) utterences of violated maxim of
quantity, 8 (15.6%) violated maxim of quality, 20 (39.2%) violated maxim
of relation and 7 ( 13.7%) violated maxim of manner.
2. The result showed that the dominat type of maxims which was violated in
The Amazing Spider-Man 2 was the violated maxim of relation.
3. Violated maxim of relation was the dominant in The Amazing Spider-Man 2
movie because the main character did not give a relevant contribute to
something being talked about, which was aimed at keeping his secret as the
spider-man to other people.
B.
Suggestions
Having conducted a research about an analysis of violation maxim, it is
useful to consider the following suggestions :
1. Understanding the maxim would help people when conducted a
conversation whether as speaker or hearer. To everyone who are talking or
speaking especially in a formal situation should give complete, clear, true,
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and orderly information. Breaking the maxim or creating violation of maxim
is dangerous, because it could trigger the wrong perception of the listener.
2. It is suggested that not only the students but also everyone should have a
good knowledge of the use of maxim to avoid the violation of maxim
because not every person know the violation of maxim.
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http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movie. Accessed on January 5 2015
http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Amazing_Spider-Man_2.
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http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stan-Lee. Accessed on 6 January 2015
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on
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