THESIS Submitted as a Partial Requirement For the Sarjana Degree in English Department By KUSUMA WIDI NUSANTI C 1307506

The Translation Quality Assessment of “THE AMAZING SPIDER-

MAN” Comic Published by KOMPAS

THESIS Submitted as a Partial Requirement For the Sarjana Degree in English Department

By KUSUMA WIDI NUSANTI

C 1307506

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF LETTERS AND FINE ARTS

SEBELAS MARET UNIVERSITY SURAKARTA 2011

PRONOUNCEMENT

Name

: Kusuma Widi Nusanti

Student Number

: C 1307506

Pronounces truthfully that the thesis entitled The Translation Quality Assessment of “THE AMAZING SPIDER-MAN” Comic Published by KOMPAS is originally made by the researcher. It is not a plagiarism nor is made by other people. The statements which are n ot the researcher’s own statements are written in quotation and included within the bibliography.

If this pronouncement is proved incorrect in the future, the researcher is ready to accept academicals sanction in the form of the withdrawal of academic title.

Surakarta, December 2011 The Researcher

Kusuma Widi Nusanti

MOTTO

“Surely with difficulty is ease. With difficulty is surely eased ”

(QS: Alam Nasyrah: 5-6)

DEDICATION

I whole heartedly dedicate this thesis to:

My Beloved Mother My Late Father My Brothers My Husband

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

This thesis is the last stage in the obtaining Sarjana Sastra degree. There are some people who helped and gave support, affection, and trust to finish this thesis. It is a pleasure to thank the many people who made this thesis possible.

1. Drs. Riyadi Santoso, M. Ed, Ph. D., The Dean of Faculty of Letters and Fine Arts, Sebelas Maret University.

2. Drs. Budi Waskito, M. Pd., The Head of S1 Non-Regular English Department.

3. Ida Kusuma Dewi, SS, M.A., The Secretary of S1 Non-Regular English Department.

4. Dra. Endang Sri Astuti, M.S., my academic supervisor for the guidance during my study, giving an approval and a permission to write this thesis.

5. A very special thank to Prof. Drs. M.R. Nababan, M. Ed., M.A., Ph. D. He gave me the confidence, trust, and support with some strong words of encouragement. Thank you does not seem sufficient but definitely it is said with appreciation and respect.

6. My mother Heruwati Kristintin Kusumaningsih and my late father Widi Rahmanto. I wish to thank for your million loves, patience and supports. I can’t express my love in the beautiful words but I wish you know that I am

very proud of you. I am sorry for being stubborn, but I promise that I will never make you disappointed again. Especially thanks to my late Dad, he is the biggest loss in my life and the biggest inspiration to finish my study. My little brothers Wisnu Widiaswara and Ilham Yusuf Widiansyah, thank you for your patience and understanding to me. My husband Darmadi S.S, very proud of you. I am sorry for being stubborn, but I promise that I will never make you disappointed again. Especially thanks to my late Dad, he is the biggest loss in my life and the biggest inspiration to finish my study. My little brothers Wisnu Widiaswara and Ilham Yusuf Widiansyah, thank you for your patience and understanding to me. My husband Darmadi S.S,

7. I would like to gratefully acknowledge the support of some very special individuals. They help me immensely with encouragement, affection and friendships. H. Sutiyono, S.H., M.H., and family for their support and care to me, my mother and my brothers. Drs. H. Badrun, M. Si, thank you for your support and care to me and also thank you for being my “Dad”. Dra. Dwiyani Prasetyanti for their affection and patience. Eky, Lia, Mega, Wulan, Muftia, Inna, and my friends in English Department Extension 2007, especially Translation Studies (Sitti, Indah, Luki, Dinar, Yuli, Retna, mbak Dian, Sukma, Henny, Anis).

8. LPM KENTINGAN and KALPADRUMA Sebelas Maret University, for the KOMPAS collections. For those who have not been listed yet, thank you so much for the support and assistance.

Surakarta,

December 2011

Kusuma Widi Nusanti

2.1.1.1. Classification A .1 (Accurate) ………………… 36

2.1.1.2. Classification

A.2 (Less Accurate) …………… 41

2.1.1.3. Classification

A.3 (Inaccurate) ……………….. 46

2.1.2. The Acceptability of the Translation ……………….. 48

2.1.2.1. Classification

B.1 (Acceptable) ………………. 48

2.1.2.2. Classification B .2 (Less Acceptable) …………. 52

2.1.2.3. Classif ication B.3 (Unacceptable) ……………. 56

2.1.3. The Readability of the Translation …………………. 61

2.1.3.1. Classification

C.1 (Readable) ………………… 60

2.1.3.2. Classification

C.2 (Less Readable) …………… 63

2.1.3.3. Classification C.3 (Unreadable) ………………. 67

3. Discussion ……………………………………………………… 67

3.1. The Quality of the Translation in terms of Accuracy, Acceptability and R eadability ………………………………………………. 67

3.1.1. Accuracy ……………………………………………. 67

3.1.2. Acceptability ………………………………………… 68

3.1.3. Re adability …………………………………………... 69

CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ………………….. 70

1. Conclusion …………………………………………………… 71

2. Suggestion ……………………………………………………. 71 BIBLIOGRAPHY

APPENDICES

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1: Accuracy Scale ………………………………………………….. 30 Table 2 : Acceptability Scale..…………………………………………….. 30 Table 3 : Readability Scale……………………………………………….... 31 Table 4: Accuracy Level o f Translation…………………………………... 32 Table 5 : Acceptability Level of Translation……………………………… 33 Table 6: Readab ility Level of Translation………………………………… 34

ABSTRACT

Kusuma Widi Nusanti. C1307506. The Translation Quality Assessment of “THE AMAZING SPIDER-MAN” Comic Published by KOMPAS. Undergraduate Thesis: English Department, Faculty of Letters and Fine Arts. Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta. 2011.

This thesis belongs to a descriptive research. This research aims to describe the quality assessment of the “THE AMAZING SPIDER-MAN” into Indonesian that covers accuracy, acceptability and readability.

This research applies total sampling technique. The total number of data is 308 sentences. Two methods of data collection are employed: content analysis used to obtain data from both source texts and target text, and questionnaire used to gather data concerning the accuracy, acceptability and readability scale. The accuracy and acceptability of the translated text are rated by three raters while its readability is rated by three target readers or respondents.

The result of this research shows that 308 translations of sentences in “THE AMAZING SPIDER-MAN”, 258 data (83.8%) are accurate, 48 data

(15.6%) are less accurate and 2 data (0.6%) are inaccurate. The mean score of the accuracy level of the translation is 2.8. In terms of acceptability, 253 data (82.1%) are acceptable, 51 data (16.6%) are less acceptable and 4 data (1.3%) are unacceptable. The mean score of the acceptability level of the translation is 2.7. While in terms of readability, 278 data (90.3%) are readable, 30 data (9.7%) are less readable and 0 data is unreadable. The mean score of the readability level of the translation is 2.7.

Kusuma Widi Nusanti 1

Prof. Drs. M. R. Nababan, M. Ed, M.A, Ph. D

ABSTRACT

2011. Thesis: English Department, Faculty of Letters and Fine Arts. Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta. 2011. This thesis belongs to a descriptive research. This research aims to describe the quality assessment of the “THE AMAZING SPIDER- MAN” into Indonesian that covers accuracy, acceptability and readability. This research applies total sampling technique. The total number of data is 308 sentences. Two methods of data collection are employed: content analysis used to obtain data from both source texts and target text, and questionnaire used to gather data concerning the accuracy, acceptability and readability scale. The accuracy and acceptability of the translated text are rated by three raters while its readability is rated by three target readers or respondents. The result of this research shows that 308 translations of sentences in “THE AMAZING SPIDER-MAN”, 258 data (83.8%) are accurate, 48 data (15.6%) are less accurate and 2 data (0.6%) are inaccurate. The mean score of the accuracy level of the translation

is 2.8. In terms of acceptability, 253 data (82.1%) are acceptable, 51 data (16.6%) are less acceptable and 4 data (1.3%) are unacceptable. The mean score of the acceptability level of the

translation is 2.7. While in terms of readability, 278 data (90.3%)

are readable, 30 data (9.7%) are less readable and 0 data is unreadable. The mean score of the readability level of the translation is 2.7.

Mahasiswa Jurusan Sastra Inggris dengan NIM C1307506 2 Dosen Pembimbing

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

1. Research Background

Along with the globalization era, knowledge on science, technology and literature are growing fast. It is followed by the usage of English in some fields that also increases. This phenomenon is proven by the large number of scientific books and literary works which are written in English. Beside that, some television programs such as films or reality shows are also adopted from abroad. In fact, some of Indonesian people understand the foreign language well, especially English.

However, they still find some difficulties to understand the messages of scientific books, literary works or television programs that are expressed in the foreign language. To understand the content and meaning, people need someone who understand and are able to speak the foreign language, such as English, as a mediator. These mediators are people who mediate both sides, the writer of the original work and the readers who do not understand English language. They are called the translator, while the process of transferring messages from source language into target language is called translation.

The process of translating however is not as simple and as easy as people think. In the process of translating, a translator may find some difficulties in doing his job, whether linguistic or extra-linguistic. Linguistic culture, social culture, and material culture are examples of obstacles faced by the translator. Nida states

that the difficulties in translation are caused by some problems, as follows: ecological problem, social culture, material culture, religious culture, and linguistic culture. Translator should transfer ideas, thoughts and messages from source language into target language. Concerning literary works, besides being capable to speak and understand well the two different languages; a translator has to have a deep knowledge about the cultural background of the country from which the literary works will be translated. A translator is called a good translator or a successful translator when he is able to transfer the text from a source language into a target language without making any omissions of the important message within the source text so that the target readers will have perfect information of a translated text. According to Nida, “the translator first analyzes the message of source language into its simplest and structurally clearest forms, transfer it at this level and then restructure it to the level in the receptor language which is most appropriate for the audience which he intends to reach” (1975:80).

As we know, one of the purposes of translating the literary work is to entertain the reader and give additional knowledge. They have some benefits in spending their leisure time by reading the comics, books, newspapers, novels and so on.

The population of comic’s lovers has more significantly increased, especially among Indonesian’s children. To overcome this situation some

publishers in Indonesia translate the English or Japanese comics into Indonesian. Therefore, translated comics dominate Indonesian’s market.

One of the English comics that are translated into Indonesian is Spider- man. Gilbert states that Spider- man comic especially entitled “THE AMAZING SPIDER- MAN” is the most popular superheroes comics in the world (2008). “THE AMAZING SPIDER-MAN” comic has been translated into some

languages, including Indonesia. This comic is targeted for all ages, from children (with parental advisory) to adult readers. Even more, the stories from Spiderman comic have been filmed in some titles or versions and broadcasted at the movie theaters in Indonesia.

Based on those reasons, KOMPAS as one of national printed media has published an entertaining comic for i ts readers; it is “THE AMAZING SPIDER- MAN” comic series. This comic is originally written by Stan Lee and Larry Lieber, published by Marvel Characters, Inc and distributed by King Features Syndicate. KOMPAS then re- published and presented “THE AMAZING SPIDER- MAN” comic in the source language, English. At the same time, the translation into Indonesian language was carried.

Considering the fact above, this research will study the translation of “THE AMAZING SPIDER-MAN” comics published by KOMPAS. This research

will be specified on the quality assessment of the comic’s translation seen from the accuracy, acceptability and readability level of the translated text.

Translating comics is different from translating other forms of text. Being considered from the sentence structures, translating comics is easy because comics have short sentences and simple structures. Nevertheless, the fact is not as the way it is seen, as stated by Koponen (2004: 1) Translating comic is easy. At least it Translating comics is different from translating other forms of text. Being considered from the sentence structures, translating comics is easy because comics have short sentences and simple structures. Nevertheless, the fact is not as the way it is seen, as stated by Koponen (2004: 1) Translating comic is easy. At least it

The same perspective also stated by Jukka Heiskanen (1990, in Koponen, 2004:1) that comics have some parts: the dialogues, the sense of humor and the events of history that makes it difficult to find the appropriate words equivalent from the source language in the target language. Besides, the limited place for the words or sentences in the squares or bubbles of comics and other aspects like onomatopoeia and puns (wordplay) emerge some difficulties. Problems in translating comics will be more difficult but is still challenging because usually translator will be given the short time to do his works (ibid, 2004:1).When a translator translates literary works like comics in English into Indonesian, a translator is also challenged to produce a high quality translation which does not sound as a translation product. To produce a qualified translation in terms of accurate, readable and acceptable translation a translator should understand the ideas involved in the source text clearly and fully.

This research focuses on quality assessment of the comic’s translation seen from the accuracy, acceptability and readability. A translator must be able to preserve the meaning or message of the source text. An accurate translation means tha t the translation is correct and appropriate, as stated by Larson, “the ideal translation will be accurate as to meaning natural as to the receptor language forms used ” (1991:2).

Meanwhile, a translator also should be able to produce a natural translation according to the target language system. Acceptability means that a translator is supposed to convey the meaning or message in appropriate way to the linguistic and cultural bounds of the target language, not the ones of the source language. In addition, readability refers to how natural and easy a translation can be read and understood. Richards et al (in Nababan, 2003:63) states that the readability depends on the average length of sentence, amount of new words and grammatical complexity of the language used.

Concerning with that, it will be given some examples to overview what this research deals with. Those are the following examples: Example 1: 043/685/PP/2009

ST: Wellll… not exactly! TT: Yah, nggak juga sih!

As shown in the picture above, We ll…not exactly is the specific expression

and it is translated into Yah, nggak juga sih! It can be said that the translation is accurate and acceptable because the translation is more familiar for the target readers.

Example 2 : 210/725/SM/2009

ST: There’s a cool off-Broadway play called “Picture Perfect.” TT: Ada pertunjukkan di Broadway berjudul “Picture Perfect.”

In the example above, there are terms Broadway and Picture Perfect. The

translator keeps the terms Broadway and Picture Perfect since the terms are

proper names, referring to a name of well known theater in New York, Broadway,

and title of show in the theater namely, Picture Perfect. This translation is

accurate, acceptable and readable.

2. Research Problems

Based on the research background, this research proposes some problems

as follows:

1. How is level of the accuracy of the translation of “THE AMAZING SPIDER- MAN” comic?

2. How is level of the acceptability of the translation of “THE AMAZING SPIDER- MAN” comic?

3. How is level of the readability of the translation of “THE AMAZING SPIDER- MAN” comic?

3. Research Objectives

The objectives of this research based on the research problems above are:

1. To identify the level of the accuracy of the translation of “THE AMAZING SPIDER- MAN” comic.

2. To identify the level of the acceptability of the translation of “THE AMAZING SPIDER- MAN” comic.

3. To identify the level of the readability of the translation of “THE AMAZING SPIDER- MAN” comic.

4. Research Limitation

To achieve research objectives of the research problems, this study is focused on the analysis of the translated sentences. In addition, the objectives of the study are confined to the quality assessment of the comic’s translation seen from the accuracy, acceptability and readability.

5. Research Benefits

The researcher expects that this research will be beneficial for:

1. English Department Students The result of this research can be used as an additional reference for students in studying the translation subject, especially regarding the accuracy, acceptability and readability of a translated text.

2. The lecturers The result of this research can be used as additional information for

the lecturers in teaching translation.

3. Other researchers The result of this research can be used to stimulate other researchers to conduct further research related to this research from other point of views, such as from accuracy, acceptability and readability of the translation.

6. Thesis Organization

This research consists of five chapters. Each chapter is divided further and arranged as follows: Chapter I: INTRODUCTION consists of Research Background, Research Problems, Research Objectives, Research Limitation, Research Benefits and Thesis Organization.

Chapter II: THEORETICAL BACKGROUND consists of Definition of Translator, Translation, Problems in Translation, The Criteria of Quality Translation, Mass Media, and Comics. Chapter III: RESEARCH METODOLOGY consists of Research Type and Design, Source of Data, Sample and Sampling Technique, Method of Data Collection, Technique of Data Analysis, Research Procedures. Chapter IV: RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION covers of Analysis the Quality of the Translation. Chapter V : CONCLUSION and SUGGESTIONS.

CHAPTER II THEORETICAL BACKGROUND

1. Translator and Translation

1.1. Translator

A translator is someone who has the capability to transfer written ideas

and message from one language to another language. According to Bell (1991:15) that the translator has been defined as a bilingual mediating agent between monolingual communications participants in two different language communities,

i.e. the translator decodes messages transmitted in one language and re-encodes them in another. Nababan (2008:63) defines that translator is someone who has the capability to transfer written ideas from one language to another language.

1.2. Translation

In general, translation means a process of transferring message from source language into target language. To know closely about translation, it is better to consider some definitions of translation proposed by experts. Bell argues that translation is the replacement of a representation of a text in one language by

a representation of an equivalent text in a second language (1991:6). Meanwhile, Brislin defines that translation is the general term referring to the transfer of thoughts and ideas from one language (source) to another (target), whether the languages are in written or oral form; whether the languages have established orthographies or do not have such standardization or whether one or both language is based on signs, as with sign languages of the deaf, (1976:1).

Mildred Larson also defines that translation consists of transferring the meaning of the source language into receptor language. This is done by going from the form of the first language to the form of a second language by way of semantic structure. It is meaning which is being transferred and must be held constant. Only the form changes. (1984:3).

2. Problems in Translation

In the process of translating, a translator may find some problems in doing his job. The problems occurred commonly related to difficulties in transferring the message or the content of the text as well as its form and style because translation is not merely changing the language into another. Translation is a complicated activity which requires some specific competence of the translator to result in a good quality of product. Newmark states that “…you may see it as complicated, artificial, and fraudulent, since by using another language you are pretending to be

someone you are not.” (1988:5).

3. The Criteria of Quality Translation

A translator will find some problems in transferring source language text

into target language text accurately. The problems can be overcome by applying the method, strategy or techniques of translation. Besides using those the three ways, the translator has to pay attention to the accuracy, acceptability, and readability. Those criteria of quality become one of the important things to identify whether a translator can produce an accurate, readable, and acceptable translation or not, in such a way as a translation product.

3.1. Accuracy

According to Baker’s statement, which says “Accuracy is no doubt an important aim in translation but it is also important to bear in mind that the use of common target-language patterns which are familiar to the target reader plays an important role in keeping the communication channels open,” (1992:57). From the statement, it can be seen that accurate means reproducing as exactly as possible the meaning or message of the source text. Meanwhile, Nababan argues that there are three main points in quality evaluation of a translation: 1) the accuracy of transferring message, 2) the accuracy of the target language structure, 3) the naturalness of target language. (2003:86).

3.2. Acceptability

Toury (cited Shuttle Worth and Cowi in Dewi:1997) states that “a translation which is considered to be acceptable is the one fulfilling the requirem ent of “reading as an original” written in the target language (TL) and sounds natural for the target reader rather than that of “reading as the original” in the source language (SL)”.

3.3. Readability

The quality of the text can be identified through the readability of the text, whether the message is clear or not for the target readers. Readability refers to the quality of the written language and how a translation can be read and understood naturally and easily. Nababan (1999:61) argues that the readability is important in translation because translation cannot be separated from reading activity. Nababan (2003:62) also states that the readability is the interaction of all elements in a text that affects the target readers in understanding the message. Readability The quality of the text can be identified through the readability of the text, whether the message is clear or not for the target readers. Readability refers to the quality of the written language and how a translation can be read and understood naturally and easily. Nababan (1999:61) argues that the readability is important in translation because translation cannot be separated from reading activity. Nababan (2003:62) also states that the readability is the interaction of all elements in a text that affects the target readers in understanding the message. Readability

4. Mass Media

Mass media is any medium used to transmit information about all fields to people. Until recently, mass media is clearly defined and is comprised of the eight mass media industries, such as books, newspapers, magazines, radio, movies, television and the internet. Mass media as a medium which has function to give information and education to the people. Siregar defines that “mass media has

function to give information and education, while the entertaining aspects infiltrate into editorial cartoon form ” (1995:24).

According to Bungin, mass media is used as a device which transforms information from two directions; mass media into society or transform the information among the society itself (2001:1).

5. Comics

5.1. Definition of Comics

Comics are a form of visual art which uses the motionless pictures and arranged in such a way become a story. Generally, comics are printed on the paper and completed by texts. Comics can be published in some forms, such as comics strip in newspaper, magazine or published as co mic’s book.

Scoot McCloud defines comics as follows:

Comic, as sequential art, emphasizes the pictorial representation of a narrative. This means comics are not an illustrated version of standard literature, other contend comics are a new and separate art; an integrated whole, of words Comic, as sequential art, emphasizes the pictorial representation of a narrative. This means comics are not an illustrated version of standard literature, other contend comics are a new and separate art; an integrated whole, of words

Meanwhile, Juha Herkman (1998, in Koponen, 2004:4) defines comics as

a narrative told through a series of pictures, recurring characters, and combination of dialogue or other types of text with the pictures. Whereas, Klaus Kaindl defines comics more simply: comic is a series of at least two pictures telling a story. (1999, in Koponen, 2004:5).

According to Robert C. Harvey (2001:76, in Koponen, 2004:5), the combination of text and picture should be considered a more central feature than the presence of two or more pictures. He also states that this definition could be expanded to include wordless comics as an exception to the norm, since in his opinion such comics are not common, although they do exist (ibid, 2004:5).

5.2. Aspects of Language

As has been stated above, comics consist of pictures, characters and dialogues. Those are being as one in a comic’s story. The aspects of language of

those comics can be indicated into three aspects as follows:

5.2.1. Particular Language

In comics, we find many types of text. They are the character utterances (in bubbles), the character thoughts (in bubbles), the narrator comments (in narration boxes), and onomatopoeia words (in bubbles or combine to the pictures). Koponen argues that both the typography and the speech bubble communicate information on the tone and level of voice used by the character speaking. For example, a speech bubble with strong and sharp lines often symbolizes shouting In comics, we find many types of text. They are the character utterances (in bubbles), the character thoughts (in bubbles), the narrator comments (in narration boxes), and onomatopoeia words (in bubbles or combine to the pictures). Koponen argues that both the typography and the speech bubble communicate information on the tone and level of voice used by the character speaking. For example, a speech bubble with strong and sharp lines often symbolizes shouting

Meanwhile Khordoc (2001:156) in Koponen considers the speech and thought bubbles in fact the most interesting feature of comics (ibid, 2004:11).

1. The examples of the character thoughts in balloons.

2. The example of the character utterances in balloons.

3. The example of narrator comments in boxes.

4. The examples of onomatopoeic words

A large part of text in comics are the words expressed by the characters

and spoken language (the language that used in comic and the combination between spoken language and written). Therefore, the words or vocabulary in comics sometimes is very informal and it is low a register.

Commonly, the language of comic is not too challenging for the translator. It is because of the text of comic composed by the simple sentences that are easy to translate (Santoyo, 1996, in Simanjuntak 2006:38).

For example:

The picture above is one of the simple sentences in comics. Nevertheless, the translator has to consider the particular characteristic of comic’s language to

make an accurate translation.

5.2.2. Puns (Wordplay)

According to Dirk Delabastita’s definition of wordplay:

“Wordplay is the general name for the various textual phenomena in which structural features of the language(s) used are exploited in order to bring about a communicatively significant confrontation of two (or more) linguistic structures with more or less similar forms and more or less different meanings ” (1996, in Koponen, 2004:35).

Delabastita also defines puns or wordplay as “a deliberate communicative strategy, or the result thereof, used with a specific semantic and pragmatic effect

in mind”. (in Simanjuntak, 2006:39). It has a different meaning on the same word, or as the same meaning on the different word (Homonymy and Homophony). It is

clear that puns are one of the most interesting phenomena to study in translation research.

According to Davis (1997, in Koponen, 2004:37), wordplay is not just one (or more) words invoking the meaning of another word, but also explicitly refers to the whole system of language itself, to some relation inside the system of the

5.2.3. Onomatopoeia

Fromkin and Rodman (in Simanjuntak, 2006:40) stated that “A few word in most languages are onomatopoeia – the sounds of the word supposedly imitate the sounds of nature. Even here the sounds differ from one language to another, reflecting the particular sounds system of the language”.

Koponen argues that onomatopoeic expressions, attempt to represent visually the sounds connected to the events and emotional states expressed in the pictures (2004:9).

Onomatopoeia words are one of the characteristics of comic’s language. Some onomatopoeia words can be translated into English; rriing (sounds of phone) has an equivalent in Indonesian; kriing, but roooar, bang! or bop! Words do not have equivalents in Indonesian and the translator usually adopts the English onomatopoeic words in its translation product. For example:

The onomatopoeia “bakoom!” for the blast sounds is not properly known in TL reverent. Therefore, the translator translates it into “duaar!” to create an acceptable expression in Indonesian. At the same time, known in Indonesian’s

reverent.

CHAPTER IV RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION

1. Introduction

As has been explained in chapter 1 and 3, this study aims to evaluate “The Translation Quality Assessment of “THE AMAZING SPIDER-MAN” Comic Published by KOMPAS ”. This chapter describes the results of data analysis, which are the answers to the research questions. In chapter I, it has been explained that there are three research questions this study tries to answer. They are:

1. How is level of the accuracy of the translation of “THE AMAZING SPIDER- MAN” comic?

2. How is level of the acceptability of the translation of “THE AMAZING SPIDER- MAN” comic?

3. How is level of the readability of the translation of “THE AMAZING SPIDER- MAN” comic?

2. Research Findings

2.1. The Quality of Translated Text: Accuracy, Acceptability, and Readability.

This section presents the analysis of the accuracy, acceptability and readability level of the translatio n of “THE AMAZING SPIDER-MAN” comic. The researcher involves three raters who have certain qualification to assess the accuracy, and acceptability of the translated text. The researcher also involves the

comic‟s readers (respondents) to answer the questionnaire in gaining the scale of readability of the translated text.

The raters are asked to fill the questionnaires by giving ratings to each datum on its degree of accuracy, acceptability and readability after analyzing and comparing the source text to the target text in accordance with the level description. The questionnaires are in a form of close and open-ended questionnaire. The raters and the respondents (target readers) determine the accuracy, acceptability, and readability of the message rendered in the translation by giving score to the translation based on the mentioned description.

The accuracy, acceptability, and readability of message transfer of the translation are measured based on the following scales: Table 1 Accuracy Scale

SCORE

DESCRIPTION

1 Inaccurate, the message of the source text is not conveyed at all, i.e. it is omitted or deleted.

2 Less Accurate, the message of the source text is less accurate conveyed into the target text. Rewriting and some changes in word order are needed.

3 Accurate, the message of the source text is perfectly and clearly conveyed into the target text. No rewriting is needed.

Table 2 Acceptability Scale

SCORE

DESCRIPTION

1 Unacceptable, the translated texts extremely sound like translation and feel displease as Indonesian texts.

2 Less Acceptable, the translated texts sound like translation. There are 2 Less Acceptable, the translated texts sound like translation. There are

3 Acceptable, the translated texts sound natural and appropriate with the grammar structure of the target texts, almost does not feel like translation.

Table 3 Readability Scale

SCORE

DESCRIPTION

1 Unreadable, the reader completely does not comprehend the content of the translated text.

2 Less unreadable, there is one difficult word or more found in the translated text. However, the reader still manages to understand the content of the dialogue.

3 Readable, the translated text is fully comprehended. The reader understands the content of the dialogue.

After the raters or respondents complete the entire questionnaire, the researcher makes statistical calculation to determine the mean of each datum by applying a formula as the following table:

Data Number

Total score Total rater

Total score Total rater

When the statistical calculation is finished, the data are classified into three groups, as can be seen below: Table 4 Accuracy Level of the Translation

a. Classification A.1: Accurate, is the scale 1 and includes the data with mean score 2.6 to 3.0.

b. Classification A.2: Less accurate, is the scale 2 and includes the data with mean score 1.6 to 2.5.

c. Classification A.3: Inaccurate, is the scale 3 and includes the data with mean score 1.0 to 1.5.

No .

Classification

Number of Data

Total Data Percentage

A.1

001, 002, 003, 004, 005, 006, 007, 008, 009, 011, 012, 014, 015, 016, 017, 020, 021, 023, 024, 025, 026, 027, 028, 029, 030, 031, 032, 033, 034, 035, 036, 037, 038, 039, 041, 042, 043, 044, 045, 047, 050, 051, 052, 053, 056, 057, 058, 059, 060, 061, 063, 064, 065, 066, 067, 068, 069, 071, 073, 074, 076, 077, 078, 079, 081, 082, 084, 085, 088, 089, 090, 091, 093, 094, 095, 096, 097, 098, 099, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 118, 119, 120, 122, 123, 125, 126, 127, 129, 130, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 162, 164, 165, 166, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 181, 182, 184, 185, 188, 189, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203, 204, 206, 207, 210, 211, 212, 213, 215, 216, 217, 218, 219, 220, 221, 222, 224, 225, 227,

258 83.8%

Table 5 Acceptability Level of the Translation

a. Classification B.1: Acceptable, is the scale 1 and includes the data with mean score 2.6 to 3.0.

b. Classification B.2: Less acceptable, is the scale 2 and includes the data with mean score 1.6 to 2.5.

c. Classification B.3: Unacceptable, is the scale 3 and includes the data with mean score 1.0 to 1.5.

No .

Classification

Number of Data

Total Data Percentage

B.1

001, 002, 003, 004, 005, 007, 008, 009, 011, 012, 014, 015, 016, 017, 018, 020, 021, 023, 024, 025, 026, 027, 028, 029, 030, 031, 032, 033, 034, 035, 036, 037, 038, 039, 041, 042, 043, 044, 045, 047, 050, 053, 054, 056, 057, 058, 059, 060, 063, 064, 065, 066, 067, 068, 069, 071, 076, 077, 078, 079, 082, 084, 085, 088, 089, 090, 091, 093, 094, 095, 096, 097, 098, 099, 100, 101, 102,

253 82.1%

Table 6 Readability Level of the Translation

a. Classification C.1: Readable, is the scale 1 and includes the data with mean score 2.6 to 3.0.

b. Classification C.2: Less Readable, is the scale 2 and includes the data with mean score 1.6 to 2.5.

c. Classification C.3: Unreadable, is the scale 3 and includes the data with mean score 1.0 to 1.5.

No .

Classification

Number of Data

Total Data Percentage

C.1

2 C.2 002, 005, 006, 008, 010, 028, 040, 072, 074, 075, 077, 083, 087, 106, 128, 131, 138, 148, 157, 171, 182,

2.1.1. The Accuracy of the Translation

Based on the table of accuracy above, of 308 data, 258 data (83.8%) are categorized into classification A.1 or accurate translation, 48 data (15.6%) are categorized into classification A.2 or less accurate translation, and 2 data (0.6%) are categorized into classification A.3 or inaccurate translation.

2.1.1.1. Classification A.1 (Accurate)

This category includes the data of which are considered to be accurate translation. It means that the message of original text is accurately conveyed and it does not need any rewritings. There are 258 data (83. 8%) included in this classification. The following data are the examples: Example 1: 002/676/ES/2009

ST: But dad …I‟ve always known that you were Electro! TT: Tapi Ayah…aku selalu tahu bahwa kaulah Electro!

In datum number 002 above, the source sentence is accurately translated into Indonesian. It means that the translator conveys the content of the source text In datum number 002 above, the source sentence is accurately translated into Indonesian. It means that the translator conveys the content of the source text

ST: My brother promised to keep it a secret from you! TT: Saudaraku berjanji untuk tetap memegang rahasia ini dari kamu!

The translation belongs to the category of accurate translation. From the example, it is seen that the translator does not translate the words a in the source text which means sebuah in the target text. Although the word is not preserved in the target text, the message and sense are accurately delivered well in target text. According to one of the raters, the phrase keep it a secret should be translated into menjaga rahasia rather than memegang rahasia. The researcher argues that the expressions above have the same meaning. Therefore, the translation of the keep it secret in the example above is accurate.

Example 3 015/679/SM/2009

ST: I can fix that! TT: Aku bisa mengatasinya!

Datum number 015 also belongs to the category of an accurate translation. The message is accurately conveyed into the target text without doing omission and addition. Although one of the raters considers that the word fix should be translated into melepasnya rather than mengatasinya more appropriate with the picture and the dialogue before. The researcher assumes that the reader has understood the message of the translation mengatasinya by seeing the picture where Spider-Man ripped the bound of Electro. Example 4 074/692/MJ/2009

ST: See you, Tiger. TT: Sampai jumpa, Macan.

To the example number 074, the source text is accurately translated into To the example number 074, the source text is accurately translated into

ST: If you want to leave here alive, Wolverine… Tell me how to create that

indestructible metal…Adamantium! TT: Kalau kau mau keluar dari sini hidup-hidup, Wolverine. Beritahu bagaimana

caranya membuat logam yang tak dapat rusak —Adamantium!

The example number 220 is accurately translated into Indonesia. The translator translates indestructible metal into logam yang tak dapat rusak and borrows the term Adamantium in the source text above. Nevertheless, the translator does not omit any words from the source text and does not change the content of source text into target text. The translator conveys the content of the source text into target text correctly and no rewriting is needed. The message in The example number 220 is accurately translated into Indonesia. The translator translates indestructible metal into logam yang tak dapat rusak and borrows the term Adamantium in the source text above. Nevertheless, the translator does not omit any words from the source text and does not change the content of source text into target text. The translator conveys the content of the source text into target text correctly and no rewriting is needed. The message in

clearly transferred into the target text and assumes this translation is accurate. Example 6 221/756/WV/2009

ST: Are you kiddin‟?!! I‟m a mutant…not a blasted scientist! TT: Kau bercanda?? Aku adalah seorang mutant, bukan ilmuwan!

Datum number 221 also belongs to the category of an accurate translation. Two of the raters have the same opinion that even though the word blasted is not translated into Indonesian it not reduces the meaning of source text. In Indonesian the term blasted means jahanam and it has negative connotation for younger readers. The researcher suggests to translate the word blasted into jahat without omit the message since the phrase a blasted scientist is the expression of annoyance.

Example 7 252/764/SM/2009

ST: Sheesh, Ock! You sound like the heavy in grade-B movie! TT: Ahhh, Ock! Kau terdengar seperti tokoh dalam film kualitas rendah!

The translation in datum number 252 belongs to an accurate translation. The translator conveys the content of the source text into target text correctly and contains the same message of the source text. The sentence the heavy in grade-B movie! is translated into tokoh dalam film kualitas rendah! It is more suitable and acceptable in Indonesian language. The character of Octopus in this comic is a bad character. Therefore, the researcher suggests the word heavy will be more appropriate if it is translated into penjahat rather than tokoh since the term heavy in the movie means bad or criminal character

2.1.1.2. Classification A.2 (Less Accurate)

This category includes the data of which are considered to be less accurate translation. The data are classified into less accurate, if the content of source text is less accurately conveyed to the target text. Rewritings and some changes in word order are needed. There are 48 data (15.6%) classified into classification

A.2.

Some of the data are presented below: Example 8 010/678/ES/2009

ST: You used your powers to become a criminal…when you could‟ve been a hero… TT: Kau menggunakan kekuatanmu untuk tindakan kriminal dimana seharusnya

kau bisa menjadi pahlawan… The example above is categorized into the less accurate classification.

Dealing with the meaning, the translator succeeds in delivering the message although the sentence to become a criminal should be translated into menjadi seorang penjahat rather than untuk tindakan kriminal. The researcher has the same idea with the raters that the translation of menjadi seorang penjahat is more appropriate with the grammar and content of the source text. The target reader has understood the translation untuk tindakan kriminal but the message is not conveyed the accurately. However, the word criminal and hero in the sentence show the comparison between Electro and Spider-Man. Example 9 018/680/SM/2009

ST: I saw how you looked at your son. TT: Aku melihat bagaimana kau menyayangi anakmu.

The datum above is categorized as less accurate. Two of the raters have opinion that the sentence bagaimana kau menyayangi anakmu is translated in the wrong way. It should be translated into bagaimana cara kau melihat anakmu rather than bagaimana kau menyayangi anakmu. One of the raters has different opinion that the translator tries to convey the meaning of source text how you looked at your son into bagaimana kau menyayangi anakmu according to the previous dialogue situation (datum number 014, 015, 016, 017). The researcher agrees with the opinion of one rater that the translator tries to convey the message in the comics by expanding his imagination. From the previous and the next pictures and dialogues the target reader will understand that the Electro as a father very loves his son. Example 10 049/687/PP/2008

ST: Lean on me, and we‟ll do fine. TT: Bersandarlah padaku dan kau akan baik-baik saja.

The datum number 049 above belongs to the less accurate classification. The translation of this datum needs some rewriting. The translator changed the The datum number 049 above belongs to the less accurate classification. The translation of this datum needs some rewriting. The translator changed the

ST: What do you mean? If she suspects I‟m Spidey….! TT: Kalau saja ia tahu akulah Spiderman….

Datum number 070 is considered less accurate translation since the message of the source text is not translated well. The raters give opinion that the translation contains reduction, the interrogative sentence What do you mean? is deleted. It is not consistent with the dialogue in the balloon of comic. It can influence the expressiveness of the dialogue. The researcher suggests that the translator should keep the translation of the Apa maksudmu? sentence to the complete the translation. Example 12 236/760/ WV/2009

ST: I vote…we arrange a trade… TT: Kita membuat pertukaran.

The datum number 236 belongs to a less accurate translation since it is not translated well and accurately. The reducing in the translated text above can reduce the beauty aspect of c omic‟s language. The translator does not provide the translation for the clause I vote it makes the utterance does not have an emotional feeling. While, the sentence We arrange a trade is translated into Kita membuat pertukaran sounds unnatural so that it has to be reconstructed or in other words, it is necessary to make some changes in word order. Thus, the researcher recommends a translation as in Aku usul…kita mengadakan pertukaran saja to make the sentences accurate and naturally conveyed. Example 13 278/771/DO/2009

ST: Even in an abandoned warehouse…it‟s hard to find any privacy! TT: Bahkan di gedung terbengkalai pun sulit mendapatkan privasi!