Language learning strategies used by successful learners of english as a foreign language Cover Thesis
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LANGUAGE LEARNING STRATEGIES USED BY
SUCCESSFUL LEARNERS OF ENGLISH
AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE
THESIS
By:
MOH. FUADUL MATIN
NIM. S891202037
This thesis is submitted as a partial fulfillment for the requirements of obtaining
the Graduate Degree in English Education
ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY
SEBELAS MARET UNIVERSITY
SURAKARTA
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2014
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PRONOUNCEMENT
I the undersigned
Name
: Moh. Fuadul Matin
NIM
: S891202037
a student of the English Education program of the Graduate Program of Sebelas
Maret University Surakarta, hereby pronounce that the thesis entitled:
LANGUAGE
LEARNING
STRATEGIES
USED
BYSUCCESSFUL
LEARNERSOF ENGLISH AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE submitted by me in
partial fulfillment of the requirement for Master degree in English Education is
my original work, and has not been submitted or published previously in its
entirety or in part at any university for a degree. Anything related to others’ work
is quoted accordingly, the source of which is listed on the bibliography. If then
this pronouncement proves incorrect, I am ready to accept any academic
punishment including the withdrawal or cancelation of my academic degree.
Surakarta, January 2014
Moh. Fuadul Matin
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iv
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MOTTO
“Sebaik-baik manusia adalah yang paling bermanfaat kepada orang lain”
(Al Hadits)
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DEDICATION
This thesis is dedicated to my beloved father Bapak Murnadi and my beloved
mother Ibu Siti Fatimah, whom they shine a light for me, always give me support
guidance and everlasting prayer. Also my brother Mas Fathan and Mbak Elva,
Mas Fadli and Mbak Putri, Mas Farchan, Mas Farid and Mbak Epin and my sister
Mbak Timur and Mas Sujak who give me support and sincere prayer during thesis
accomplishment. I could not reply anything for your great attention and support
except may Allah Subhanahu Wata’ala bless you all and notes your good attitude
as the good charity and accepted in side Allah, Aamiin.
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ABSTRACT
Moh. Fuadul Matin. S891202037. 2014. Language Learning Strategies Used By
Successful Learners of English As A Foreign Language. Consultant I: Prof. Dr.
Joko Nurkamto, M.Pd, Consultant II: Dra. Diah Kristina, M.A, Ph.D. Thesis.
English Education Department, Teacher Training and Education Faculty, Sebelas
Maret University, Surakarta.
The objectives of this study are to discover specific English foreign
language learning strategies used by students categorized as good language
learners in learning English and to identify the influence of language learning
strategies to their achievement in learning English.
This research was conducted on four students in the SMA Negeri 2
Bojonegoro categorized as good learners of English. The data for this research
were taken from in depth interviews, observation, filling up questionnaires, and
document analysis.
The result of this study shows that 1) student 1 used cognitive strategies
and memory strategiesin learning English. These learning strategies employed the
student gained bestmark in each English test. 2) student 2 used cognitive
strategies and affective strategies. By using those learning strategies student 2
could improve speaking skill and get good score in English exam, 3) student 3
used memory, affective and metacognitive. Learning strategies that student 3 used
was very useful in improving English speaking skill and getting good score in
English exam. 4) Student 4 used social, compensation, and affective strategies in
learning English. By applying those learning strategies, she always got good score
in English lesson.
It can be concluded that learning strategies of the students is very useful
and helpful in learning English as foreign language. Learning strategies are
believed to be responsible for successful language acquisition and a significant
determinant of ultimate success in language learning. Thus, in learning English as
a foreign language, good language learning strategies are significant. Learners
need to know how to learn, and teachers need to know how to facilitate their
process. Hopefully this study will also inspire other researchers who are interested
in conducting research on other aspects of language learning strategies.
Keywords: Language Learning Strategies, Good Learner, English as Foreign
Language
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ACKNOWLEDGMENT
In the name of Allah, The Most Gracious The Most Merciful.
Alhamdulillahirobbil alamin, first of all, I would like to express my deepest
gratitude to Allah Subhanahu Wata’ala, because of His Mercies and Blessing so I
could finish this thesis. Sholawat and salam always be given to our Prophet
Muhammad Salallahu Alaihi Wasallam who has guided us from the darkness to
the lightness. In addition, I would like to express my deepest gratitude to all of
people who have given patient guidance, encouragement, correction and
suggestion in preparation and completion of this thesis to:
1. The Rector of Sebelas Maret University.
2. Director of Graduate Program of Sebelas Maret University Surakarta.
3. Head of English Education Department for his permission to conduct
this research.
4. Prof. Dr. Joko Nurkamto, M.Pd, as the first consultant and Dra. Diah
Kristina, M.A., Ph.D, as the second consultant for their insightful
guidance throughout the whole process of this study.
5. The Headmaster and English teachers of SMA Negeri 2 Bojonegoro
who had given me permission to conduct this research.
6. The students of SMA Negeri 2 Bojonegoro who humbly accepted to be
participants in this research.
I acknowledge any imperfections in this thesis. I welcome constructive
criticism and suggestions and hope this little work may be useful for all readers.
Surakarta, January 2014
Moh. Fuadul Matin
commit to user
viii
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE ……………………………………………………………………......
APPROVAL OF THE CONSULTANTS ……………………………………
LEGITIMATION OF THE EXAMINERS ……………………………….....
DECLARATION ………………………………………………………….....
MOTTO ………………………………………………………………………
DEDICATION ……………………………………………………………….
ABSTRACT ………………………………………………………………….
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT …………………………………………………...
TABLE OF CONTENTS ………………………………………….................
LIST OF ABBREVIATION ………………………………………………....
LIST OF TABLES …………………………………………………………...
LIST OF APPENDICES ……………………………………………………..
i
ii
iii
iv
v
vi
vii
viii
ix
xi
xii
xiii
CHAPTER I. INTRODUCITON …………………………………………..
A. Background of the Study ……………………………………………….....
B. Statement of the Problem ………………………………………………....
C. Objectives of the Study …………………………………………………...
D. Significance of the Study ……………………………………………….....
1
1
5
5
5
CHAPTER II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE ………………
A. Language Learning Strategies (LLS) ……………………………………..
B. Language Learning Strategies in Learning a Second Language ……….....
C. Factors Influencing the Choice of Second Language Learning Strategies ..
D. Classification of Language Learning Strategies …………………………..
E. Good Language Learners ……………………………………………….....
F. Review of Related Studies ……………....………………………………..
7
7
8
10
12
17
19
CHAPTER III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ………………………..
A. Research Site and Participants of the Study ……………………………....
B. Research Design ………………………………………………………......
C. Data and Source of Data ……………………………………………….....
1. Events ……………………………………………………………….....
2. Respondents …………………………………………………………....
3. The Document ……………………………………………………….....
D. Data Collection Technique ……………………………………………......
1. Observation ………………………………………………………….....
2. Questionnaire ………………………………………………………......
3. Interview …………………………………………………………….....
4. Document Analysis ………………………………………………….....
E. Trustworthiness …………………………………………………………...
F. Technique of Data Analysis ……………………………………………....
26
26
27
28
29
29
30
30
31
32
33
34
35
37
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CHAPTER IV. RESEARCH FINDING AND DISCUSSION …………..
A. Research Findings ………………………………………………………....
1) Student Learning Strategies…………..…………………………………...
a. Learning Strategies of the Student 1 ……………………………….......
b. Learning Strategies of the Student 2 ..……………………………….....
c. Learning Strategies of the Student 3 ……………………………….......
d. Learning Strategies of the Student 4 …………………………………...
2. The Influence of Learning Strategies to the Student Achievement…..........
a. The Influence of Learning Strategies to the Student 1’s Achievement...
b. The Influence of Learning Strategies to the Student 2’s Achievement...
c. The Influence of Learning Strategies to the Student 3’s Achievement...
d. The Influence of Learning Strategies to the Student 4’s Achievement...
3. Student Learning Strategies Summary …………………………………....
B. Discussion ……………………………………………………………........
C. Research Weaknesses …………………………………………………......
38
38
38
38
45
50
57
64
64
67
69
73
76
80
91
CHAPTER V. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESSTION ………………....
A. Conclusion ………………………………………………………………...
B. Implication ………………………………………………………………...
C. Suggestion ………………………………………………………………...
92
92
93
94
BIBLIOGRAPHY …………………………………………………………..
95
APPENDICES ……………………………………………………………....
98
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LIST OF ABBREVIATION
Student 1
: S1
Student 2
: S2
Student 3
: S3
Student 4
: S4
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LIST OF TABLES
Table 2.1 Language Learning Strategy System (Oxford, 1990: 7) …………..
15
Table 2.2 The Application of LLS into Four Language Skills ……………….
16
Table 4.1 Student Learning Strategies Summary .............................................
76
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LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix 1 : Strategy Inventory for Language Learning Questionnaire …...
98
Appendix 2 : Interview Questions ………………………………………….
124
Appendix 3 : Questionnaire ………………………………………………...
130
Appendix 4 : Observation Details …………………………………………..
134
Appendix 5 : Permohonan Ijin Penelitian ………………………………......
138
Appendix 6 : Pemberitahuan Penelitian …………………………………….
139
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LANGUAGE LEARNING STRATEGIES USED BY
SUCCESSFUL LEARNERS OF ENGLISH
AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE
THESIS
By:
MOH. FUADUL MATIN
NIM. S891202037
This thesis is submitted as a partial fulfillment for the requirements of obtaining
the Graduate Degree in English Education
ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY
SEBELAS MARET UNIVERSITY
SURAKARTA
commit to user
2014
i
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iii
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PRONOUNCEMENT
I the undersigned
Name
: Moh. Fuadul Matin
NIM
: S891202037
a student of the English Education program of the Graduate Program of Sebelas
Maret University Surakarta, hereby pronounce that the thesis entitled:
LANGUAGE
LEARNING
STRATEGIES
USED
BYSUCCESSFUL
LEARNERSOF ENGLISH AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE submitted by me in
partial fulfillment of the requirement for Master degree in English Education is
my original work, and has not been submitted or published previously in its
entirety or in part at any university for a degree. Anything related to others’ work
is quoted accordingly, the source of which is listed on the bibliography. If then
this pronouncement proves incorrect, I am ready to accept any academic
punishment including the withdrawal or cancelation of my academic degree.
Surakarta, January 2014
Moh. Fuadul Matin
commit to user
iv
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id
digilib.uns.ac.id
MOTTO
“Sebaik-baik manusia adalah yang paling bermanfaat kepada orang lain”
(Al Hadits)
commit to user
v
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DEDICATION
This thesis is dedicated to my beloved father Bapak Murnadi and my beloved
mother Ibu Siti Fatimah, whom they shine a light for me, always give me support
guidance and everlasting prayer. Also my brother Mas Fathan and Mbak Elva,
Mas Fadli and Mbak Putri, Mas Farchan, Mas Farid and Mbak Epin and my sister
Mbak Timur and Mas Sujak who give me support and sincere prayer during thesis
accomplishment. I could not reply anything for your great attention and support
except may Allah Subhanahu Wata’ala bless you all and notes your good attitude
as the good charity and accepted in side Allah, Aamiin.
commit to user
vi
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id
digilib.uns.ac.id
ABSTRACT
Moh. Fuadul Matin. S891202037. 2014. Language Learning Strategies Used By
Successful Learners of English As A Foreign Language. Consultant I: Prof. Dr.
Joko Nurkamto, M.Pd, Consultant II: Dra. Diah Kristina, M.A, Ph.D. Thesis.
English Education Department, Teacher Training and Education Faculty, Sebelas
Maret University, Surakarta.
The objectives of this study are to discover specific English foreign
language learning strategies used by students categorized as good language
learners in learning English and to identify the influence of language learning
strategies to their achievement in learning English.
This research was conducted on four students in the SMA Negeri 2
Bojonegoro categorized as good learners of English. The data for this research
were taken from in depth interviews, observation, filling up questionnaires, and
document analysis.
The result of this study shows that 1) student 1 used cognitive strategies
and memory strategiesin learning English. These learning strategies employed the
student gained bestmark in each English test. 2) student 2 used cognitive
strategies and affective strategies. By using those learning strategies student 2
could improve speaking skill and get good score in English exam, 3) student 3
used memory, affective and metacognitive. Learning strategies that student 3 used
was very useful in improving English speaking skill and getting good score in
English exam. 4) Student 4 used social, compensation, and affective strategies in
learning English. By applying those learning strategies, she always got good score
in English lesson.
It can be concluded that learning strategies of the students is very useful
and helpful in learning English as foreign language. Learning strategies are
believed to be responsible for successful language acquisition and a significant
determinant of ultimate success in language learning. Thus, in learning English as
a foreign language, good language learning strategies are significant. Learners
need to know how to learn, and teachers need to know how to facilitate their
process. Hopefully this study will also inspire other researchers who are interested
in conducting research on other aspects of language learning strategies.
Keywords: Language Learning Strategies, Good Learner, English as Foreign
Language
commit to user
vii
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ACKNOWLEDGMENT
In the name of Allah, The Most Gracious The Most Merciful.
Alhamdulillahirobbil alamin, first of all, I would like to express my deepest
gratitude to Allah Subhanahu Wata’ala, because of His Mercies and Blessing so I
could finish this thesis. Sholawat and salam always be given to our Prophet
Muhammad Salallahu Alaihi Wasallam who has guided us from the darkness to
the lightness. In addition, I would like to express my deepest gratitude to all of
people who have given patient guidance, encouragement, correction and
suggestion in preparation and completion of this thesis to:
1. The Rector of Sebelas Maret University.
2. Director of Graduate Program of Sebelas Maret University Surakarta.
3. Head of English Education Department for his permission to conduct
this research.
4. Prof. Dr. Joko Nurkamto, M.Pd, as the first consultant and Dra. Diah
Kristina, M.A., Ph.D, as the second consultant for their insightful
guidance throughout the whole process of this study.
5. The Headmaster and English teachers of SMA Negeri 2 Bojonegoro
who had given me permission to conduct this research.
6. The students of SMA Negeri 2 Bojonegoro who humbly accepted to be
participants in this research.
I acknowledge any imperfections in this thesis. I welcome constructive
criticism and suggestions and hope this little work may be useful for all readers.
Surakarta, January 2014
Moh. Fuadul Matin
commit to user
viii
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id
digilib.uns.ac.id
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE ……………………………………………………………………......
APPROVAL OF THE CONSULTANTS ……………………………………
LEGITIMATION OF THE EXAMINERS ……………………………….....
DECLARATION ………………………………………………………….....
MOTTO ………………………………………………………………………
DEDICATION ……………………………………………………………….
ABSTRACT ………………………………………………………………….
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT …………………………………………………...
TABLE OF CONTENTS ………………………………………….................
LIST OF ABBREVIATION ………………………………………………....
LIST OF TABLES …………………………………………………………...
LIST OF APPENDICES ……………………………………………………..
i
ii
iii
iv
v
vi
vii
viii
ix
xi
xii
xiii
CHAPTER I. INTRODUCITON …………………………………………..
A. Background of the Study ……………………………………………….....
B. Statement of the Problem ………………………………………………....
C. Objectives of the Study …………………………………………………...
D. Significance of the Study ……………………………………………….....
1
1
5
5
5
CHAPTER II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE ………………
A. Language Learning Strategies (LLS) ……………………………………..
B. Language Learning Strategies in Learning a Second Language ……….....
C. Factors Influencing the Choice of Second Language Learning Strategies ..
D. Classification of Language Learning Strategies …………………………..
E. Good Language Learners ……………………………………………….....
F. Review of Related Studies ……………....………………………………..
7
7
8
10
12
17
19
CHAPTER III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ………………………..
A. Research Site and Participants of the Study ……………………………....
B. Research Design ………………………………………………………......
C. Data and Source of Data ……………………………………………….....
1. Events ……………………………………………………………….....
2. Respondents …………………………………………………………....
3. The Document ……………………………………………………….....
D. Data Collection Technique ……………………………………………......
1. Observation ………………………………………………………….....
2. Questionnaire ………………………………………………………......
3. Interview …………………………………………………………….....
4. Document Analysis ………………………………………………….....
E. Trustworthiness …………………………………………………………...
F. Technique of Data Analysis ……………………………………………....
26
26
27
28
29
29
30
30
31
32
33
34
35
37
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ix
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CHAPTER IV. RESEARCH FINDING AND DISCUSSION …………..
A. Research Findings ………………………………………………………....
1) Student Learning Strategies…………..…………………………………...
a. Learning Strategies of the Student 1 ……………………………….......
b. Learning Strategies of the Student 2 ..……………………………….....
c. Learning Strategies of the Student 3 ……………………………….......
d. Learning Strategies of the Student 4 …………………………………...
2. The Influence of Learning Strategies to the Student Achievement…..........
a. The Influence of Learning Strategies to the Student 1’s Achievement...
b. The Influence of Learning Strategies to the Student 2’s Achievement...
c. The Influence of Learning Strategies to the Student 3’s Achievement...
d. The Influence of Learning Strategies to the Student 4’s Achievement...
3. Student Learning Strategies Summary …………………………………....
B. Discussion ……………………………………………………………........
C. Research Weaknesses …………………………………………………......
38
38
38
38
45
50
57
64
64
67
69
73
76
80
91
CHAPTER V. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESSTION ………………....
A. Conclusion ………………………………………………………………...
B. Implication ………………………………………………………………...
C. Suggestion ………………………………………………………………...
92
92
93
94
BIBLIOGRAPHY …………………………………………………………..
95
APPENDICES ……………………………………………………………....
98
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LIST OF ABBREVIATION
Student 1
: S1
Student 2
: S2
Student 3
: S3
Student 4
: S4
commit to user
xi
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LIST OF TABLES
Table 2.1 Language Learning Strategy System (Oxford, 1990: 7) …………..
15
Table 2.2 The Application of LLS into Four Language Skills ……………….
16
Table 4.1 Student Learning Strategies Summary .............................................
76
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xii
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LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix 1 : Strategy Inventory for Language Learning Questionnaire …...
98
Appendix 2 : Interview Questions ………………………………………….
124
Appendix 3 : Questionnaire ………………………………………………...
130
Appendix 4 : Observation Details …………………………………………..
134
Appendix 5 : Permohonan Ijin Penelitian ………………………………......
138
Appendix 6 : Pemberitahuan Penelitian …………………………………….
139
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