A COMPORATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE MODAL AUXILIARY VERBS TRANSLATION IN THE NOVEL THE OLD MAN AND THE SEA.

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A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF
THE MODAL AUXILIARY VERBS TRANSLATION
IN THE NOVEL
THE OLD MAN AND THE SEA

THESIS
Submitted As a Partial Fulfillment of Requirement
for The Sarjana Sastra Degree in English Department
Faculty of Letters and Fine Arts
Sebelas Maret University

Written by:
DANANG FITRIANTO
C0308027

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF LETTERS AND FINE ARTS

SEBELAS MARET UNIVERSITY
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DEDICATION

This thesis is dedicated to:
ALLAH SWT, the lord of the Universe.
My beloved father and mother.
My future wife.

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MOTTO

KEGAGALAN
HANYA TERJADI
BILA KITA MENYERAH
-Lessing-

IT ALWAYS SEEMS IMPOSSILE UNTIL IT IS DONE
-Nelson Mandela-

TIADA DOA YG LEBIH INDAH SELAIN DOA AGAR SKRIPSI INI
CEPAT SELESAI
-Danang Fitrianto-

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Alhamdulillahi Rabbil „Alamin. All gratitude for Allah SWT The
Almighty of the universe for all the blessing given to me in completing my thesis.
Thank you so much for Your blessing and guidance so I can finish this thesis.
During completing my thesis, I met generous people around me that always
support and help me. In this occasion, I would like to thank to them because
without them this thesis will not completed:
1. The Dean of Faculty of Letters and Fine Arts Drs. Riyadi Santosa,

M.Ed, Ph.D, thank you for approving my thesis.
2. The Head of English Department Drs. Agus Hari Wibowo, M.A., Ph.D
thanks for giving me permission to write this thesis.
3. Thesis supervisor Prof. Drs. M.R Nababan,M.Ed, M.A., Ph.D. Thank
you professor for your patience and kindness to make me better. Also I
would like to express my deepest appreciation for his advices and
guidance along the way I work on my thesis. Thank you Sir!
4. My academic supervisor Dra. Sri Kusumo Habsari, M. Hum., Ph.D.
Thank you for always listening me whenever I face problems. Your
supports and advices mean a lot to me.
5. My raters Soemardiono, S.S., M.Hum, Herianto Nababan, S.S.,
M.Hum, Fenty Kusumastuti, S.S., M.Hum thank you for your help and
assistance during completing my thesis.
6. All of my excellent and lovely lectures in English Department for
sharing valuable knowledge and experience.
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7. My beloved parents. From the bottom of my heart, I would like to
thank to my father and my mother for their patience, love and
affection. Without your support, care and favor I really cannot finish
my thesis. Thank you so much for every single thing given to me. I
love you all.
8. My best friend Agil, Seto, Lik Candra Dewi, Soni, thanks for your
supports and joyful experience you give to me . Nafi, thanks for all the
worthy things given to me. Lia, thank you for being “reminder” to me
and I won‟t forget our valuable moment. Thanks also to Theo, Si Jek,
Jusmar, Qodir, Ayu Rhema, Liberty, Ornela, Ipung, Jojo, Can-can and
all my beloved ED‟08 friends.
Finally, thank you so much for those who I cannot mention the
names. I realize that this thesis is still far from being perfect. For now it is
the best thing I can do. Supportive criticism, recommendation and
suggestion are whole-heartedly accepted. Hopefully, this research can be
beneficial for English Department students and other people as well.

Surakarta, December 2014
The researcher

Danang Fitrianto

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LIST OF CONTENT
Page
THESIS APPROVAL…………………… ……………………………………….ii
THE APPROVAL OF THE BOARD OF EXAMINERS..………...…………….iii
DEDICATION …………………………………………………………………...iv
MOTTO …………………………………………………………………………...v
PRONOUNCEMENT ……………………………………………………………vi

ACKNOWLEDGMENT ………………………………………………………...vii
LIST OF CONTENT …………………………………………………………….ix
LIST OF DIAGRAMS……………..…………………………………………….xii
LIST OF TABLES ……………….……………………………………………..xiii
ABSTRACT …………………………………………………………………….xiv
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION
1. Research Background …………………………………………………….1
2. Problem Statements ………………..……………………………………..4
3. Objectives of the Study ………………………..………………………….4
4. Problem Limitation ……………………………………………………….4
5. Research Benefits …………………………………………………………5
6. Research Methodology ……………………………………………………5
7. Thesis Organization ………………………………………………………6
CHAPTER II:
1. Definition of Translation …………………………………………………8
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2. Type of Translation ………………………………………………………9

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3. Translation Process ……………………………………………………...11
4. Translation Problems………………………………………………….....13
5. Comparative Analysis…………………………………………………....14
6. Definition of Modality..……………………………………………….....15
7. Type of English Modal Auxiliary Verbs.. ……………………………....17
8. English Modal Auxiliary Verbs ……………….………………………...17
9. The Characteristic of English Modality ………….……………………...23
10. Indonesian Modality …………………………….……………………....24
11. Translation Quality Assessment ………………….……………………..34
12. Translation Techniques .…...……………………….……………………36
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
1. Research Method ………………………………………………………..43
2. Data Source ……………………………………………………………...44
3. Sample and Sampling Technique ………………………………………..47
4. Method of Data Collection ………………………………………………47
5. Research Procedure ……………………………………………………...48

6. Technique of Data Analysis ……………………………………………..50
CHAPTER IV: RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
A. Research Findings…….....…………………………………………......52
1. Translation Techniques..………………………………………………...53
1. Literal translation..…………………………………………………..53
2. Reduction……………………………………………………………59
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3. Modulation ……………………………………………………….....65

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4. Established Equivalence…………………………………………….71
5. Amplification………………………………………………………..78
6. Transposition………………………………………………………...84
2. Translation Quality……………………………………………………...90
1. Accuracy…………………………………………………………….91

a. Accurate………………………………………………………....91
b. Less accurate…………………………………………………….95
c. Inaccurate………………………………………………………100
2. Acceptability……………………………………………………….104
a. Acceptable……………………………………………………..104
b. Less acceptable ………………………………………………..108
B. Discussion…....………………………………...……………………...113
1. Translation techniques used by translators…………..…….…...……..113
2. The effect of translation technique in accuracy and acceptability…….115
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
A. Conclusion…….………………………………………………………..122
B. Recommendations……...……………………………………………….124
1. Students of English Department……………………………………124
2. Translators………………………………………………………….124
3. Other researchers…………………………………………………...125
4. Lecturers……………………………………………………………125
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX

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LIST OF DIAGRAMS
Diagram 2.1

Diagram of translation process…………………..…….…………12

Diagram 2.2 Diagram of can meaning……...……………………………...…..29
Diagram 2.3

Diagram of may meaning……...……….………………………...30

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LIST OF TABLES
Table 2.1

Table of Keinginan meaning…………………….……………….25

Table 2.2

Table of translation quality significance………………………....34

Table 3.3

Table of instrument of translation quality assessment of accuracy
aspect …………………………………………………………….45

Table 3.4

Table of instrument of translation quality assessment of
acceptability aspect………………………………………………46

Table 4.4

Table of modal auxiliary verbs translated by literal technique….59

Table 4.5

Table

of

modal

auxiliary verbs

translated

by

reduction

technique…………………………………………………………65
Table 4.6

Table of modal auxiliary verbs translated by modulation
technique…………………………………………………………71

Table 4.7

Table of modal auxiliary verbs translated by established
equivalence technique …………………………………………...78

Table 4.8

Table of modal auxiliary verbs translated by amplification
technique…………………………………………………………84

Table 4.9

Table of modal auxiliary verbs translated by transposition
technique…………………………………………………………89

Table 4.10

Table of comparison in accuracy aspect………………………..104

Table 4.11

Table of comparison in acceptability aspect……………………112

Table 4.12

Table of comparison of the accuracy as the effect of translation
technique………………………………………………………..116

Table 4.13

Table of comparison of the acceptability as the effect of translation
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technique………………………………………………………..119
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ABSTRACT

Danang Fitrianto. A Comparative Analysis of the Modal Auxiliary Verbs
Translation in the Novel The Old Man and the Sea . Thesis: English
Department. Faculty of Letters and Fine Arts. Sebelas Maret University.
The purpose of this research is to analyze two translation versions of modal
auxiliary verbs in the novel The Old Man and the Sea by Ernest Hemmingway
into Indonesian. The research is comparative study since it involves two
translation novels in Indonesian version converted by two different translators;
Yuni Kristianingsih Pramudhaningrat and Dian Vita Ellyati. The objectives of this
research are to find out the translation technique used by both translators and the
effect of translation technique on translation quality in term of accuracy and
acceptability.
The research is a descriptive-qualitative. The data of this research are modal
auxiliary verbs in the novel The Old Man and the Sea and two Indonesian
translated versions. The informants or raters are also involved. The methods of
data collection are content analysis and interview. The content analysis method is
applied to obtain translation technique. The interview method is intended to gain
more information related to translation quality.
The result of this research reveals that both translators use six translation
techniques; 1) literal, 2) reduction, 3) modulation, 4) established equivalent, 5)
amplification, 6) transposition. From the translation quality assessment of modal
auxiliary verbs, both translators create acceptable translation. Meanwhile in
accuracy aspect Dian Vita Ellyati generates more accurate translation in
translating modal auxiliary verbs than Yuni Kristianingsih Pramudhaningrat.
In conclusion, Yuni Kristianingsih Pramudhaningrat and Dian Vita Ellyati
generate accurate and acceptable translation in rendering modal auxiliary verb.
Literal and established equivalent technique contributes to construct more
accurate translation. Each of them creates 100% accurate translation from Yuni
and 97,92% from Dian . However, reduction technique generates 56% inaccurate
translation from Yuni and 84,21% from Dian. So for other translators, they
should not delete modal auxiliary meaning, generate too many changes and make
unnecessary addition.
Keywords: comparative analysis, modality, translation techniques, translation
quality
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