A Comparative Analysis of the Impact of Translation Techniques on the Translation Quality in the Translation of Nautical and Fishery Terms from the Novel “The Old Man and the Sea”.

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF
TRANSLATION TECHNIQUES TO THE TRANSLATION
QUALITY IN THE TRANSLATION OF NAUTICAL AND
FISHERY TERMS FROM THE NOVEL “THE OLD MAN AND
THE SEA”

THESIS
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for Sarjana Sastra Degree
of English Department Faculty of Cultural Sciences
Sebelas Maret University

by:
AGIL MAHARDHIKA
C0308017

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF CULTURAL SCIENCES
SEBELAS MARET UNIVERSTY
SURAKARTA
2016

i

THESIS APPROVAL

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF TRANSLATION
TECHNIQUES TO THE TRANSLATION QUALITY IN THE
TRANSLATION OF NAUTICAL AND FISHERY TERMS FROM THE
NOVEL “THE OLD MAN AND THE SEA”

Written by:
Agil Mahardhika
C0308017

Approved to be examined before the Board of Examiners
Faculty of Cultural Sciences
Sebelas Maret University

Supervisor

Prof. Drs. M.R. Nababan, M.Ed, M.A., Ph.D.

NIP. 196303281992011001

Head of English Department

Drs. Agus Hari Wibowo, M.A., Ph.D
NIP. 196708301993021001

ii

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF TRANSLATION
TECHNIQUES TO THE TRANSLATION QUALITY IN THE
TRANSLATION OF NAUTICAL AND FISHERY TERMS FROM THE
NOVEL “THE OLD MAN AND THE SEA”

Written by:
Agil Mahardhika
C0308017
Accepted and Approved by the Board of Examiners
Faculty of Cultural Sciences
Sebelas Maret University

on 18 April 2016
1.

Chairman

:

Signature:

Drs. Agus Hari Wibowo, M.A., Ph.D
NIP. 196708301993021001
2.

Secretary

:

Signature

Bayu Budiharjo, S.S., M.Hum

NIK. 1985010120130201
3.

First Examiner

:

Signature

Prof. Drs. M.R. Nababan, M.Ed, M.A., Ph.D.
NIP. 196303281992011001
4.

Second Examiner

:

Signature

Dyah Ayu Nila Khrisna, S.S., M.Hum

NIP 198302112006042001

The Dean of Faculty of Cultural Sciences
Sebelas Maret University

Drs. Riyadi Santosa, M.Ed, Ph.D
NIP. 196003281986011001

iii

PRONOUNCEMENT

Name : AGIL MAHARDHIKA
NIM

: C0308017
Stated whole-heartedly that this thesis entitled A COMPARATIVE

ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF TRANSLATION TECHNIQUES TO
THE

TRANSLATION

QUALITY

IN

THE

TRANSLATION

OF

NAUTICAL AND FISHERY TERMS FROM THE NOVEL “THE OLD
MAN AND THE SEA is originally made by me. It is neither a plagiarism, nor
made by others. All of the information which relates to other people’s works are
written in quotation and stated in the bibliography.
If the pronouncement is proven to be incorrect or the writer cheated, I am
ready to take the responsibility.

Surakarta, 18 April 2016

The Researcher
Agil Mahardhika

iv

DEDICATION

I dedicate this thesis to:
My father and my late mother
All of my brothers
PCM Family

v

MOTTO

Happiness depends upon ourselves - Aristotle
Learning without thinking is useless, but thinking without learning is very

dangerous - Soekarno

vi

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Firstly, as the author of this thesis, I want to give the biggest thanks to The
Almighty God for the bless, love, and guidance in the process of completing this
thesis. However, this thesis will not be completed without any supports and
encourages from many people. Hence, I really would like to give special thanks
to:
1. The Dean of Faculty of Cultural Sciences, Drs. Riyadi Santosa, M.Ed.,
Ph.D. for approving this thesis
2. The Head of English Department, Drs. Agus Hari Wibowo, MA, Ph.D. for
giving permission to compose this thesis.
3. Prof. Drs. M.R. Nababan, M.Ed, MA, Ph.D. as my thesis supervisor, thank
you very much for your great patience, guidance, and advice in completing
this thesis.
4. My academic supervisor, Dra. Sri Kusumo Habsari, M.Hum, Ph.D., for
always giving me support to finish my study.

5. All of lecturers in English Department who have given me a lot of
valuable knowledge, lessons, and great experience.
6. Mr. Bayu Budiharjo, S.S., M.Hum and Mr. Sumardiono, SS. M.Hum as
my raters, big thanks to you for giving time, ideas, and contributions in
completing this thesis.
7. My beloved Father, late Mother, and my brothers Yudha, Adonis, and
Mage. Thanks for loving and supporting me so much.

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8. Big family of Palaphyska, who always reminds me to finish my thesis
9. Big family of PCM, thanks for your support, spirit, friendship, and
brotherhood.
10. English Department, especially ED ’08. Thanks for all of the college
experience.

Finally, I realize that this thesis is still far from perfect. Hence, I wish
people to give criticism and suggestions to this thesis.

Surakarta, 18 April 2016

Agil Mahardhika

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TABLE OF CONTENT

Thesis Cover.................................................................................................... i
Approval by Thesis Supervisor ...................................................................... ii
Approval by Board of Examiners ................................................................. iii
Pronouncement.............................................................................................. iv
Dedication ...................................................................................................... v
Motto ............................................................................................................. vi
Acknowledgement........................................................................................ vii
Table of Content............................................................................................ ix
List of Figures and Tables ........................................................................... xiv
Abstract ........................................................................................................ xv
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION .................................................................... 1
A. Research Background ................................................................................ 1
B. Research Problems .................................................................................... 4

C. Research Objectives .................................................................................. 4
D. Research Limitation .................................................................................. 5
E. Research Benefits ...................................................................................... 5
F. Thesis Organization ................................................................................... 6
CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW ........................................................ 8
A. Definition of Translation ........................................................................... 8
B. Translation Techniques ............................................................................. 9
a. Adaptation .................................................................................................... 9

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b. Amplification ............................................................................................... 9
c. Borrowing..................................................................................................... 10
d. Calque .......................................................................................................... 11
e. Compensation ............................................................................................... 11
f. Description .................................................................................................... 11
g. Discursive Creation ...................................................................................... 12
h. Established Equivalent ................................................................................. 12
i. Generalization ............................................................................................... 12
j. Linguistic Amplification ............................................................................... 13
k. Linguistic Compression ............................................................................... 13
l. Literal Translation ......................................................................................... 13
m. Modulation .................................................................................................. 14
n. Particularization ........................................................................................... 14
o. Reduction ..................................................................................................... 15
p. Substitution .................................................................................................. 15
q. Transposition ................................................................................................ 15
r. Variation ....................................................................................................... 16
C. Technical Terms Translation ....................................................................... 16
D. Nautical and Fishery Terms ........................................................................ 17
E. Translation Quality Assessment .................................................................. 18
1. Accuracy ...................................................................................................... 18
2. Acceptability ................................................................................................ 19
3. Readability ................................................................................................... 20

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CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ............................................ 21
A. Research Type and Design .......................................................................... 21
B. Data and Source of Data .............................................................................. 23
C. Sampling Technique .................................................................................... 24
D. Technique of Data Collection ..................................................................... 25
1. Content Analysis .......................................................................................... 25
2. Focus Group Discussion .............................................................................. 25
E. Technique of Data Analysis ........................................................................ 28
F. Research Procedures .................................................................................... 31
CHAPTER IV RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION....................... 33
A. Research Findings ....................................................................................... 33
1. Translation Technique Found in Nautical and Fishery Terms Translation.. 33
1.1 Single Technique........................................................................................ 34
1.1.1 Amplification .......................................................................................... 34
1.1.2 Description .............................................................................................. 35
1.1.3 Established Equivalent ............................................................................ 35
1.1.4 Generalization ......................................................................................... 36
1.1.5 Literal ...................................................................................................... 37
1.1.6 Modulation .............................................................................................. 38
1.1.7 Particularization ...................................................................................... 39
1.1.8 Reduction ................................................................................................ 40
1.1.9 Transposition ........................................................................................... 41
1.2 Couplet Technique ..................................................................................... 42

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1.2.1 Particularization + Transposition ............................................................ 42
1.2.2 Reduction + Transposition ...................................................................... 43
1.2.3 Established Equivalent + Transposition .................................................. 44
1.2.4 Established Equivalent + Linguistic Amplification ................................ 46
1.2.5 Established Equivalent + Amplification ................................................. 47
1.2.6 Established Equivalent + Borrowing ...................................................... 48
1.3 Triplet Technique ....................................................................................... 49
1.3.1 Established Equivalent + Linguistic Amplification + Transposition ...... 49
2. Translation Quality Assessment of Nautical and Fishery Terms ................. 51
2.1 Accuracy of Translation ............................................................................. 52
2.1.1 Accurate Translation ............................................................................... 52
2.1.2 Less Accurate Translation ....................................................................... 55
2.1.3 Inaccurate Translation ............................................................................. 58
2.2 Acceptability of Translation ....................................................................... 61
2.2.1 Acceptable Translation............................................................................ 61
2.2.2. Less Acceptable Translation .................................................................. 64
2.2.3 Unacceptable Translation ........................................................................ 66
3. Translation Quality Assessment from version A and B ............................... 67
B. Discussion.................................................................................................... 70
1. Translation techniques found in the nautical and fishery terms translations 70
2. The effects of translation techniques on the quality of the translation in term of
accuracy and acceptability ............................................................................... 74

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3. The differences and similarities of nautical and fishery terms translation in
version A and B................................................................................................ 83
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION ........................ 86
A. Conclusion ................................................................................................... 86
B. Recommendation ......................................................................................... 88
BIBLIOGRAPHY ............................................................................................ 90
APPENDICES.................................................................................................. 91

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LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES

List of Figures
Figure 4.1 ............................................................................................ 54
Figure 4.2 ............................................................................................ 56
List of Tables
Table 3.1.............................................................................................. 26
Table 3.2.............................................................................................. 27
Table 3.3.............................................................................................. 27
Table 3.4.............................................................................................. 29
Table 3.5.............................................................................................. 30
Table 3.6.............................................................................................. 33
Table 4.1.............................................................................................. 33
Table 4.2.............................................................................................. 68
Table 4.3.............................................................................................. 68
Table 4.4.............................................................................................. 69
Table 4.5.............................................................................................. 69
Table 4.6.............................................................................................. 73
Table 4.7.............................................................................................. 79

xiv

ABSTRACT
Agil Mahardhika. A Comparative Analysis of the Impact of Translation
Techniques to the Translation Quality in the Translation of Nautical and
Fishery Terms from the novel “The Old Man and The Sea”. Thesis: English
Department. Faculty of Cultural Sciences. Sebelas Maret University. 2016
This research focuses on the nautical and fishery terms translation found in
the novel entitled “The Old Man and The Sea”. The research objectives are
divided into two parts. They are (1) to compare the translation techniques, (2) to
compare the impact of translation techniques to the translation quality.
This research applied descriptive qualitative method. A purposive
sampling technique was employed in this research. The technique of data
collection for this research is content analysis and focus group discussion. Content
analysis is applied to collect the data of nautical and fishery terms while focus
group discussion is applied to collect the data for translation techniques and
translation quality. The data of nautical and fishery terms were collected from the
Indonesian version entitled Lelaki Tua dan Laut translated by Yuni Kristianingsih
Pramudhaningrat (Version A) and Old Man and The Sea translated by Dian Vita
Ellyati (Version B).
The analysis of translation techniques shows that there are 11 types of
translation techniques. They are divided into three variant techniques of single,
couplet, and triplet techniques. In version A, there are 8 single variant techniques,
4 couplet variant techniques, and 1 triplet variant techniques. Single variant
techniques consist of established equivalent, generalization, description, literal,
amplification, modulaton, transposition, and reduction. Couplet variant techniques
consist of particularization + transposition, established equivalent + transposition,
established equivalent + linguistic amplification, and established equivalent +
amplification. Then, triplet variant technique consists of established equivalent +
linguistic amplification + transposition. Meanwhile, in version B, there are 7
single variant techniques, 4 couplet variant techniques, and 1 triplet variant
technique. Single variant techniques consist of established equivalent,
generalization, transposition, particularization, literal, modulaton, and reduction.
Couplet variant techniques consist of established equivalent + transposition,
established equivalent + linguistic amplification, established equivalent +
borrowing, and reduction + transposition. Then, triplet variant technique consists
of established equivalent + linguistic amplifcation + transposition.
The analysis of the translation accuracy and acceptability show that
version A has average score of accuracy 2,64 and average score of acceptability
2,74. Meanwhile, version B has average score of accuracy 2,67 and average score
of acceptability 2,88. Furthermore, the final score of translation quality for version
A is 2,68 while version B is 2,75. It shows that version B has better translation
quality than version A.

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