Ancaman Dioksin di Sekitar Kita.
,~~~ Pikiran Rakyat
o Senin
2
17
3
18
o
0 Rabu
Selasa
Kamis
o
o
Jumat
o
Sabtu
o
O M ei
O Jun
O Jul
0Ags
O Sep
Minggu
14
'
te rs e b u t a d a la h p o lic h lo r o
s ia , k ita tid a k m e m ilik i p e ra n ti
le m a k te rs e b u t. Itu s e b a b n y a
d io k s in b a n y a k d ite m u k a n p a -
d ib e n z o d io k s in (P C D D ),
p o lic h lo r o d ib e n z o fu r a n
d a n m e k a n is m e y a n g m a m p u
m e m u s n a h k a n d io k s in y a n g
d a p ro d u k -p ro d u k p a n g a n
d e n g a n k a d a r le m a k tin g g i.
(P C D F ), d a n p o lic h lo r o b ip h e n il (P C B ). R u m u s u m u m u n tu k m o le k u ln y a a d a la h
m a s u k k e d a la m tu b u h . Y a n g
P e rlu d ik e ta h u i le b ih d a ri
3 ,7 6 N 2 )
N am un, denga
b e ra g a m n y a k o m p o s is i s a m p a h , a k a n
b is a d ila k u k a n tu b u h h a n y a
m e m b ia rk a n s a ja p e c a h
9 0 p e rs e n d io k s in y a n g m a s u k
k e d a la m tu b u h a d a la h m e la lu i
s u lit m e n c ip ta k a n
re a k si se m -_
pum a.
a k a ra n p u n
s e n d iri m e n u ru t
m a k a n a n , b a ru s is a n y a
C 4 H 4 0 2 d e n g a n 2 is o m e r
y a i t u 1 ,2 d i o k s i n d a n 1 ,4
d io k s in .
D a ri s tru k tu r d i a ta s te rlih a t
b a h w a d io k s in a d a la h s e n y a w a
b e n z e n . S ifa tn y a y a n g d a p a t
b e rik a ta n d e n g a n u n s u r la in
pem ecahan
w a k tu p a ru h
s e c a ra a la m ia h
(c h e m ic a l h a lf tim e ).
D io k s in m e m p u n y a i s tru k tu r k im ia y a n g s a rig a t s ta b il
d a n b e rs ifa t lip o filik y a itu m u d a h la ru t d a la m le m a k d a n
Kllping
m e la lu i p e m a p a s a n .
T a n p a k ita s a d a ri, b is a ja d i
ju s tru k ita s e n d irila h y a n g
" m e n g h a d irk a n "
d io k s in d i
s e k e lilin g k ita , c o n to h n y a
PC D D dan PC D F kedua
Humas Onpad 2011
SS02
C u H v O w N x S y C lz
K a lo r p e m
+a
(0 2
+
tid a k m e n c a p a i titik k a lo ro p tim u m te rja d in y a re a k s i y a n g
sem pum a.
A k ib a t
y a a k a n d i-
h a s ilk a n P C D D d a n P C D F ,
re a k s in y a s e -p a g a i b e rik u t:
C + H 2 + C l? + 0 2 + N 2 '
-> C 0 2 + C O + H d i + N 2 + 0 2
+ PCDD+ PCDF
P ro s e s p a d a in s in e ra to r p u n
tid a k ja u h b e rb e d . J ik a p e m b a k a ra n p a d a in s in e ra to r
te rs e b u t h a n y a m e n c a p a i s u h u
4 0 0 -6 0 0
Q C ,j u s t r u s u h u i n i l a h
y a n g m e ru p a k a n
k o n d is i o p ti-
m u m u n tu k p e m b e n tu k a n
s e n y a w a d io k s in . A g a r tid a k
te rb e n tu k
d io k s in , s u h u p e m -
b a k a ra n h a ru s d i a ta s
QC.
800
N a m u n , d e n g a n b e ra g a m n y a
k o m p o s is i s a m p a h , s u h u d i
a t a s 8 0 0 Q Ca k a n m e m u n g k in k a n te Ija d in y a p e n g u a p a n lo g a m -lo g a m b e ra t k e
u d a ra , s e p e rti m e rk u ri, k ro m
d a n k a d m iu m
y a n g tid a k k a la h
m em bahayakan
b a g i lin g k u n -
gan.
S e la in d a ri p e m b a k a ra n
s a m p a h , d io k s in ju g a d ih a s ilk a n d a la m lim b a h -lim b a h
in d u s tri y a n g m e n g g u n a k a n
k lo r s e p e rti p a d a lim b a h in d u s tri k e rta s . P ro s e s p e m u tih a n k e rta s d e n g a n m e n g g u n a k a n s e n y a w a k lo rin m e n g h a s ilk a n lim b a h y a n g ju g a
m engandung
k lo rin . S e n y a w a
k lo rin d a la m lim b a h te rs e b u t
jik a b e re a k s i d e n g a n s e n y a w a
-o rg a n ik a k a n m e n g h a s ilk a n
d io k s in .
P e rlu d iw a s p a d a i p u la , b a h w a b a n y a k p ro d u k -p ro d u k
p la s tik y a n g te rb u a t d a ri P V C
(polivinil chlorida),
m encam pur
b ia s a n y a
bahannya
dengan
P C B a g a r le b ih h a lu s d a n lu n a k . P ro d u k in i te n tu s a ja
b e rp o te n s i m e n g h a s ilk a n
uap
P C B . P e n e litia n b a ru p u n
m e n e m u k a n d io k s in te rk a n d u n g d a la m p ro d u k -p ro d u k
F la m e R e ta rd a n ts (s u a tu z a t
k im ia y a n g b ia s a n y a d ig u n a k a n u n tu k m e la p is i b e n d a b e n d a y a n g c e n d e ru n g m u d a h
te rb a k a r) s e p e rti m e le k a t p a d a
p r o d u k hand phone, p a p a n
s i r k u i t , d a n casing.
U n tu k m e m in im a lk a n
d io k s in , k e s a d a ra n
m a sy a ra k a t
d a la m p e n g e lo la a n s a m p a h ,
tid a k m e ro k o k d a n ru tin
m e m e rik s a e m is i g a s b u a n g
k e n d a ra a n n y a , b is a m e n ja d i
la n g k a h a w a l m e n g u ra n g i a ta u
b a h k a n m e m b e rs ih k a n
lin g k u n g a n d a ri d io k s in .
***
Y. Zakiah A; alumnus
FMIPA Unpad.
o Senin
2
17
3
18
o
0 Rabu
Selasa
Kamis
o
o
Jumat
o
Sabtu
o
O M ei
O Jun
O Jul
0Ags
O Sep
Minggu
14
'
te rs e b u t a d a la h p o lic h lo r o
s ia , k ita tid a k m e m ilik i p e ra n ti
le m a k te rs e b u t. Itu s e b a b n y a
d io k s in b a n y a k d ite m u k a n p a -
d ib e n z o d io k s in (P C D D ),
p o lic h lo r o d ib e n z o fu r a n
d a n m e k a n is m e y a n g m a m p u
m e m u s n a h k a n d io k s in y a n g
d a p ro d u k -p ro d u k p a n g a n
d e n g a n k a d a r le m a k tin g g i.
(P C D F ), d a n p o lic h lo r o b ip h e n il (P C B ). R u m u s u m u m u n tu k m o le k u ln y a a d a la h
m a s u k k e d a la m tu b u h . Y a n g
P e rlu d ik e ta h u i le b ih d a ri
3 ,7 6 N 2 )
N am un, denga
b e ra g a m n y a k o m p o s is i s a m p a h , a k a n
b is a d ila k u k a n tu b u h h a n y a
m e m b ia rk a n s a ja p e c a h
9 0 p e rs e n d io k s in y a n g m a s u k
k e d a la m tu b u h a d a la h m e la lu i
s u lit m e n c ip ta k a n
re a k si se m -_
pum a.
a k a ra n p u n
s e n d iri m e n u ru t
m a k a n a n , b a ru s is a n y a
C 4 H 4 0 2 d e n g a n 2 is o m e r
y a i t u 1 ,2 d i o k s i n d a n 1 ,4
d io k s in .
D a ri s tru k tu r d i a ta s te rlih a t
b a h w a d io k s in a d a la h s e n y a w a
b e n z e n . S ifa tn y a y a n g d a p a t
b e rik a ta n d e n g a n u n s u r la in
pem ecahan
w a k tu p a ru h
s e c a ra a la m ia h
(c h e m ic a l h a lf tim e ).
D io k s in m e m p u n y a i s tru k tu r k im ia y a n g s a rig a t s ta b il
d a n b e rs ifa t lip o filik y a itu m u d a h la ru t d a la m le m a k d a n
Kllping
m e la lu i p e m a p a s a n .
T a n p a k ita s a d a ri, b is a ja d i
ju s tru k ita s e n d irila h y a n g
" m e n g h a d irk a n "
d io k s in d i
s e k e lilin g k ita , c o n to h n y a
PC D D dan PC D F kedua
Humas Onpad 2011
SS02
C u H v O w N x S y C lz
K a lo r p e m
+a
(0 2
+
tid a k m e n c a p a i titik k a lo ro p tim u m te rja d in y a re a k s i y a n g
sem pum a.
A k ib a t
y a a k a n d i-
h a s ilk a n P C D D d a n P C D F ,
re a k s in y a s e -p a g a i b e rik u t:
C + H 2 + C l? + 0 2 + N 2 '
-> C 0 2 + C O + H d i + N 2 + 0 2
+ PCDD+ PCDF
P ro s e s p a d a in s in e ra to r p u n
tid a k ja u h b e rb e d . J ik a p e m b a k a ra n p a d a in s in e ra to r
te rs e b u t h a n y a m e n c a p a i s u h u
4 0 0 -6 0 0
Q C ,j u s t r u s u h u i n i l a h
y a n g m e ru p a k a n
k o n d is i o p ti-
m u m u n tu k p e m b e n tu k a n
s e n y a w a d io k s in . A g a r tid a k
te rb e n tu k
d io k s in , s u h u p e m -
b a k a ra n h a ru s d i a ta s
QC.
800
N a m u n , d e n g a n b e ra g a m n y a
k o m p o s is i s a m p a h , s u h u d i
a t a s 8 0 0 Q Ca k a n m e m u n g k in k a n te Ija d in y a p e n g u a p a n lo g a m -lo g a m b e ra t k e
u d a ra , s e p e rti m e rk u ri, k ro m
d a n k a d m iu m
y a n g tid a k k a la h
m em bahayakan
b a g i lin g k u n -
gan.
S e la in d a ri p e m b a k a ra n
s a m p a h , d io k s in ju g a d ih a s ilk a n d a la m lim b a h -lim b a h
in d u s tri y a n g m e n g g u n a k a n
k lo r s e p e rti p a d a lim b a h in d u s tri k e rta s . P ro s e s p e m u tih a n k e rta s d e n g a n m e n g g u n a k a n s e n y a w a k lo rin m e n g h a s ilk a n lim b a h y a n g ju g a
m engandung
k lo rin . S e n y a w a
k lo rin d a la m lim b a h te rs e b u t
jik a b e re a k s i d e n g a n s e n y a w a
-o rg a n ik a k a n m e n g h a s ilk a n
d io k s in .
P e rlu d iw a s p a d a i p u la , b a h w a b a n y a k p ro d u k -p ro d u k
p la s tik y a n g te rb u a t d a ri P V C
(polivinil chlorida),
m encam pur
b ia s a n y a
bahannya
dengan
P C B a g a r le b ih h a lu s d a n lu n a k . P ro d u k in i te n tu s a ja
b e rp o te n s i m e n g h a s ilk a n
uap
P C B . P e n e litia n b a ru p u n
m e n e m u k a n d io k s in te rk a n d u n g d a la m p ro d u k -p ro d u k
F la m e R e ta rd a n ts (s u a tu z a t
k im ia y a n g b ia s a n y a d ig u n a k a n u n tu k m e la p is i b e n d a b e n d a y a n g c e n d e ru n g m u d a h
te rb a k a r) s e p e rti m e le k a t p a d a
p r o d u k hand phone, p a p a n
s i r k u i t , d a n casing.
U n tu k m e m in im a lk a n
d io k s in , k e s a d a ra n
m a sy a ra k a t
d a la m p e n g e lo la a n s a m p a h ,
tid a k m e ro k o k d a n ru tin
m e m e rik s a e m is i g a s b u a n g
k e n d a ra a n n y a , b is a m e n ja d i
la n g k a h a w a l m e n g u ra n g i a ta u
b a h k a n m e m b e rs ih k a n
lin g k u n g a n d a ri d io k s in .
***
Y. Zakiah A; alumnus
FMIPA Unpad.