Landslide Hazard Mapping to Support the Handling of Landslide Hazard in the Upstream Deli Watershed
IS SBN : 978-9 979-8452-45 5-1 PROC P CEED DING
INAF FOR 2 2011 Interna ational C Conference of Indon esia Fores estry Resea archers
“ “Strengthenin ng Forest Sc cience and T Technology fo or Better Fo orestry Devel lopment”
Bogor, 5-77 Desemb er 2011 E EDITORS S :
Dr. IB
B. Putera Pa arthama Dr. Ach hmad Fauzi i Mas’ud Dr. N Nina Mind awati Prof. Dr. Gusta n Pari
Dr. H Haruni Krisn nawati D Dr. Krisdian nto Dr. Atok Subi akto Ir. Ret tno Maryan ni, M.Sc
Dr. T Titiek Setya awati Dr. Budi Leks sono Dr. M Maman Tur rjaman Dr. E Efi Yuliaty Yovy
Dr. Leti Sunda awati Dr. Dodik k Ridho Nu urrochmat Pr roof Read er :
Dr. IB
B. Putera Pa arthama Dr . Dede Roh hadi Mini istry of For restry Forest try Researc h and Dev elopment A Agency
2012
INAFOR11P-009 Genetic Diversity of Four Populations of Arenga pinnata MERR Revealed by Isozyme Markers (Liliek Haryjanto, Prastyono and Burhan Ismail) ............................................................................... 765
INAFOR11P-010 Log Tracking of Merbau (Intsia bijuga) using DNA Markers: Strategy and Research Status (Anto Rimbawanto and AYPBC Widyatmoko) .................................................................................. 771
INAFOR11P-011 The Influence of Growth Medium and Shading to the Growth of Seven Month’s Old of Manglid (Manglietia glauca BL) Seedlings (Rina Bogidarmanti, Rina Kurniaty and Ratna Uli Damayanti) .......................................................................................................... 778
INAFOR11P-012 Microhydro: Green Energy from Forest Area Enhancing Better Relationship Between Forest and People (Hunggul Yudono) ........ 788
INAFOR11P-013 Wood Stump: Harvesting Technique and Chemical Properties (Sukadaryati and Dian Anggraini Indrawan) ................................ 794
INAFOR11P-014 Agroforestry Forest Estate: Whole Rotation of Social Forestry (Triyono Puspitojati) ....................................................................... 804
INAFOR11P-015 The Use of Natural Dye Plants in East Nusa Tenggara (Siswadi, Dani S. Hadi and Soenarno) ............................................................ 812
INAFOR11P-016 The Traditional Use of Woka Palm (Livistona rotundifolia Mart.) as Non-Timber Forest Product in North Sulawesi (Diah Irawati Dwi Arini)............................................................................................... 822
INAFOR11P-017 Assessing FTA Cards for DNA Capture from Different Types of 830 Fungal Material (Purnamila Sulistyawati) .......................................
INAFOR11P-018 Pest and Disease Attack on Nyamplung (Calophyllum inophyllum) Seedling in the Nursery (Eritrina Windyarini and Burhan Ismail) ... 841
INAFOR11P-019 Growth and Proliferation of Embryogenic Callus of Sandalwood (Santalum album L.) (Yoni Herawan) ........................ 848
INAFOR11P-020 Identification for Some Rattan Species on Region Ingkwosi Forest Area Manokwari District (Titi Kalima and Jasni)............. 855
INAFOR11P-021 Puccinia meibomiae (Uredinales) of Erythrina crista-galli in Indonesia (Dono Wahyuno) ............................................................................ 863
INAFOR11P-022 Optimation of Somatic Embryos Formation of Shorea pinanga Scheff. Through Suspension Culture (Yelnititis)............................. 869
INAFOR11P-023 Landslide Hazard Mapping to Support the Handling of Landslide Hazard in the Upstream Deli Watershed (Rahmawaty, Bejo Slamet, Abdul Rauf and Anita Naomi) .......................................... 876
INAFOR11P-024 Study of Traditional Agroforestry System in West Nusa Tenggara: Finding the Alternative of DA REDD Site Based on Carbon Stock (Ryke Nandini)........................................................................ 882
INAFOR11P-025 Four Types of New Record for Diospyros in Tangkoko Nature Reserve in North Sulawesi (Julianus Kinho).................... 888
Jl. Tri Dharma Ujung No. 1, Kampus USU, Medan, North Sumatra, 20155, INDONESIA
Poster paper prepared for The First International Conference of Indonesian Forestry Researchers (INAFOR)
Bogor, 5 – 7 December 2011
INAFOR SECRETARIAT Sub Division of Dissemination, Publication and Library
FORESTRY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT AGENCY Jl. Gunung Batu 5, Bogor 16610
Landslide Hazard Mapping to Support the Handling of Landslide Hazard in the
1 Upstream Deli Watershed 1 2 1 1 Rahmawaty , Bejo Slamet , Abdul Rauf and Anita NaomiDepartment of Forestry, Faculty of Agriculture, Sumatera Utara University,
Jl. Tri Dharma Ujung No. 1, Kampus USU, Medan, North Sumatra, 20155, INDONESIA
2 Corresponding email: rahmawaty@usu.ac.idDepartment of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Sumatera Utara University,
Jl. Tri Dharma Ujung No. 1, Kampus USU, Medan, North Sumatra, 20155, INDONESIA
ABSTRACTNatural disasters landslides as one natural phenomenon is one of the environmental problems that often occur in the province of North Sumatra, Indonesia. Landslides usually occur in the watershed upstream. The upstream of Deli Watershed is located in Karo Regency. Karo Regency is an area that has the potential for landslides; this region is mostly located in the highlands. This research aimed to identifying and mapping of landslide prone areas in Karo Regency and provided advice to the government in an effort to support the handling of dangerous landslides. This research used data such as: earth feature of Indonesia map/Peta Rupa Bumi Indonesia (RBI) or what is called as basic map with scale 1:50000, slope map, geological map and land cover/land use map. Processing was done with overlaid each parameter to determine landslide hazard using Geographic Information System. The results showed that in the upstream region DAS Deli, landslide hazard was dominated by high-class, followed by a very high grade, medium, low and very low. The Class which very high landslide hazard contained in the Sub-district of Tiga Binanga, there was a high grade in the Sub-district Mardinding, while other classes (medium, low and very low) spread over several districts in Karo Regency. The main causes of landslides in this area mainly due to the slope factor, type of rock, soil, and land use.
Keywords : Landslide, mapping, Deli watershed, environmental, Karo Regency
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
Landslides usually occur in the watershed upstream. Natural disasters landslides as one natural phenomenon are also one of the environmental problems that often occur in the province of North Sumatra, Indonesia. The upstream watershed Deli is located in Karo Regency. Karo Regency is an area that has the potential for landslides; this region is mostly located in the highlands. Many factors can affect the stability of slopes that lead to the occurrence of landslides. These factors include: geological and hydrological conditions, topography, climate and weather changes. According to Priyono et al. (2006), the potential for soil erosion can be minimized by empowering communities to identify typologies of landslide prone slope lands, the early symptoms of the slope will move, and efforts should be done early anticipation. Effective early warning system should be made based on predictions, when and where landslides will occur also actions that should be done when disaster strikes.
Geographic information systems can be used in determining the priority areas for disaster relief. According to Burrough (1986), a geographic information system (GIS) is a powerful set of tools for collecting, storing, retrieving, transforming and displaying spatial data from the real world for a particular set of purpose. GIS technology integrates common database operations such as query and statistical analysis with the unique visualization and geographic analysis benefits offered by maps ( ESRI , 2007). An area most vulnerable to disasters is a main priority in conducting mitigation measures. By this research, it is known that areas prone to landslides, so early prevention can be done. If the anticipation is not immediately done, losses due to landslides would not be inevitable.
1.2 Objective
This study generally aimed to identifying and mapping of landslide prone areas in Karo Regency and provided advice to the government in an effort to support the handling of dangerous landslides.
2. MATERIAL AND METHODS
2.1 Description of the Study Area The research was conducted in Karo Regency (the upstream of Deli Watershed).
Geographically, it is located between 2 50’ - 3 19’ LU dan 97 55’ - 98 38” BT (Figure 1). This research was conducted during January to July 2010. Data analysis and processing were performed at the Laboratory of Integrated Forest Management, Department of Forestry, University of Sumatera Utara.
Figure 1: Map of study area
2.2 Data Collection
This research used data such as: earth feature of Indonesia map/Peta Rupa Bumi Indonesia (RBI) or what is called as basic map with scale 1:50.000, slope map, geological map and land cover/land use map. Processing was done with overlaid each parameter to determine landslide hazard using Geographic Information System.
3. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Based on the district in Karo Regency, the distribution of landslide prone consists of five classes, namely: very low, low, medium, high, and very high. Distribution of landslide hazard based on the district was not evenly distributed in each sub-district as is presented in Figure 2. (based on analysis on the map and checking in the field). Each class of landslide hazards was marked with different colors.
Landslide Very high High Medium Low Very low
Figure 2: Map of landslide hazard class in Karo Regency
Source: Analysis result (2010)
Characteristics of landslides are most commonly found in Indonesia is the type of landslide translational and rotational (KESDM, 2008). There are characteristics of landslides was found in the area, namely: translational landslides, landslides of rotation, and movement of the block. Characteristics of landslides in areas of research have different extents in each sub-district (Table 1). Based on Table 1, the characteristics of landslides were most commonly found, namely: the Sub-district of Tiga Binanga (very high), Sub-district Mardingding (high, low, and very low). Table 1. Landslide hazard class based on sub-district in Karo Regency
Landslide hazard class (Ha) Total Sub-district
Very Very low Low Medium High Ha %
High
- Barusjahe - - 857.79 241.76 1,099.55 5.45 Berastagi
69.53
2.03 2.40 169.00 32.74 275.72
1.37 Juhar
38.05 4.84 167.39 1,661.15 160.79 2,032.24 10.08
- Kabanjahe 101.87 - 153.52 144.36 399.76
1.98 12.30 - Kutabuluh - 1,841.40 324.77 2,178.48 10.80
Laubaleng 263.96 89.21 26.73 1,218.39 21.75 1,620.06 8.03 Mardingding 543.37 131.79 28.21 2,476.73 23.96 3,203.82 15.89 Merek
8.08 4.04 120.18 1,826.77 153.68 2,112.77 10.48
- Munthe 214.28 1,009.01 52.27 1,275.56 6.33
- Payung 93.46 268.45 958.83 107.24 1,427.99 7.08 Simpang -
80.18 335.96 1,025.86 251.89 1,693.91 8.40 Empat Tiga Binanga - 4.06 182.28 925.93 477.27 1,589.56 7.88 Tiga Panah 146.93 19.81 307.16 780.15 2.15 1,256.21 6.23
Ha 1,252.01 349.49 1,818.91 14,895.43 1,849.83 20,165.69 Total
100 %
6.21
1.73
9.02
73.87 9.18 100 Tiga Binanga Sub-district has the very high landslide in Karo District with an area of
477.27 ha, because of the soil was dominated by Dystropepts, Tropudults, Humitropepts, land cover was agricultural land, dry slopes above 45%, and the type of rock is a Mixed-Sediment (silt/mudstone). The most influential in the level of landslide hazard in the Tiga Binanga Sub- District was slope.
Mardingding Sub-district, an administrative district that has the greatest area when compared with other Sub-districts in Karo Regency. The extent of 3.203,82 hectares and is a district that has a high level of landslide hazard in the Karo district with an area of 2.476,73 ha. The types of soil were Tropudults and Dystropepts, land cover was dominated by secondary forest of dry land, the type of rock was a sediment-mixture, and the slope was above 45%. Landslide conditions are depicted in Figure3. a . b .
Figure 3: Landslide conditions: a. in Tiga Binanga Sub-district b. in Mardingding Sub-district According to Marwanto et al. (2007), an area determined to have potential for landslides if it meets three requirements, namely: the slope is quite steep, has a glide plane of the surface soil layer beneath the semi-permeable and soft and there is enough ground water to meet the above fields the sliding. With a high percent slope, then the incidence of landslides are only waiting for the trigger factor is rainfall or earthquakes. Based on the results, the higher the percent slope of the land, the greater the potential for landslide. It is also clarified by Wahyunto et al. (2003) and Arsyad (2006). Soil type is one of the parameters determining the level of erosion. According Haifani (2008), the occurrence of landslides is generally caused by the presence of a large thickness of loose soil. With the rain, the rate of erosion will be higher. Furthermore, according Budiono (2003), soil texture also affects the absorptive capacity of a soil.
4. CONCLUSION
The class which very high landslide hazard contained in the Sub-district of Tiga Binanga, there was a high class in the Sub-district Mardinding, while other classes (medium, low and very low) spread over several Sub-districts in Karo Regency. The main causes of landslides in this area mainly due to the slope factor, type of rock, soil, and land use.
REFERENCES Arsyad, S (2006): Soil and Water Conservation (Konservasi Tanah dan Air). IPB Press. Bogor.
Budiono (2003): Potensi Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan Berdasarkan Zona Agroekosistem: Kasus di Playen dan Wonosari, Yogyakarta. Buletin Teknik Pertanian 8:41-46. http://www.pustaka- deptan.go.id/publikasi/bt082031.pdf [10 Mei 2010].
Burrough, P A (1986): Principles of Geographic Information Systems for Land Resources Assessment. Oxford, Clarendon Press. 193p. ESRI (2007): What is GIS? http://geography.about.com/gi/dynamic/offsite.htm?site=http://www.esri.com/library/gis/abt gis/what%5Fgis.html Haifani, A M (2008): Aplikasi Sistem Informasi Geografi untuk Mendukung Penerapan Sistem Manajemen Resiko Bencana di Indonesia. Prosiding. Seminar Nasional Sains dan Teknologi-II 2008. 17-18 November 2008. Universitas Lampung. V-163-176.
http://lemlit.unila.ac.id/file/arsip%202009/SATEK%202008/VERSI%20PDF/bidang%205/5-19.pdf [18 Maret 2010].
Kementrian Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral (KESDM) (2008): Pengenalan Gerakan Tanah.
http://www.esdm.go.id/publikasi/lainlain/doc_download/489-pengenalan-gerakan-tanah.html [18 Maret 2010].
Marwanto, S, A Dariah, D Subardja and Y Hadian (2007): Indentifikasi Lahan Rawan Longsor dan Indeks Bahaya Erosi di Kabupaten Solok, Provinsi Sumatera
Barat. Solok. http://balittanah.litbang.deptan.go.id/dokumentasi/prosiding2008pdf/setiari_longsor.pdf [1 Agustus 2010]. Priyono, K D, Y Priyana and Priyono (2006): Analisis Tingkat Bahaya Longsor Tanah di Kecamatan Banjarmangu Kabupaten Banjarnegara. Forum Geografi 20: 175-189. http://eprints.ums.ac.id/253/1/6._KUSWAJI_DWI_P.pdf [18 Maret 2010]. Wahyunto, H Sastramihardja, W Supriatna, W Wahdini and Sunaryo (2003): Kerawanan Longsor Lahan Pertanian di Daerah Aliran Sungai Citarum, Jawa Barat. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Multifungsi dan Konversi Lahan Pertanian : 99-112. Badan Litbang Pertanian. Jakarta.
INAFOR 11P-024
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF INDONESIAN FORESTRY
RESEARCHERS (INAFOR)
Study of Traditional Agroforestry System in West Nusa Tenggara:
Finding the Alternative of DA REDD Site Based on Carbon Stock
Ryke Nandini
Forestry Research Institute of Mataram
Jl. Dharma Bhakti 7, Lombok Barat, NTB 83371, INDONESIACorresponding email: rykenand@yahoo.com