T LING 1407360 Table of content

TABLE OF CONTENTS
APPROVAL SHEET......................................................................... I
STATEMENT OF DECLARATION ............................................. II
ABSTRACT .................................................................................... III
PREFACE ....................................................................................... IV
ACKNOWLEDGMENT ................................................................. V
TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................. VII
LIST OF TABLES........................................................................... X
LIST OF DIAGRAMS ................................................................... XI
APPENDIX ................................................................................... XII
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ..................................................... XIII
1

CHAPTER I ............................................................................... 1

INTRODUCTION ............................................................................ 1

2

1.1

Background of the Study........................................................................ 1

1.2

Research Questions ................................................................................ 4

1.3

Objectives of the Study .......................................................................... 5

1.4

Significance of the Study ....................................................................... 5

1.5

Definition of Terms ............................................................................... 5

1.6

The Outline of the Study ........................................................................ 7

CHAPTER II .............................................................................. 8
2.1

Discourse Analysis ................................................................................ 8

2.2

Representation ..................................................................................... 10

2.2.1
Basic Concept of Representation................................................... 11
2.2.2
Representation in Discourse and Text ........................................... 12
2.2.3
Representation in the Macrostructure ............................................ 16
2.3 Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) ...................................................... 17
2.3.1
2.3.2

2.3.3

Ideology ....................................................................................... 20
The Concept of Ideology............................................................... 20
Ideology and Power ...................................................................... 22

ABDULKHALEQ ALI AHMED Al-RAWAFI, 2016
THE REPRESENTATION OF IRAN-SAUDI CONFLICT IN THE NEWSPAPERS REGARDING MINA HAJJ
STAMPEDE 2015: A Critical Discourse Analysison the Arab News and Tehran Times
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu

2.4

Van Dijk’s Model of CDA ................................................................... 25

2.4.1
Text Analysis ................................................................................ 27
2.4.1.1
Macrostructures ..................................................................... 28
2.4.1.2

Themes/Topics ...................................................................... 29
2.4.1.3
Macro-rules ........................................................................... 30
2.4.1.3.1 Deletion .............................................................................. 31
2.4.1.3.2 Generalization..................................................................... 33
2.4.1.3.3 Construction ....................................................................... 34
2.4.1.4
Lexical Choice Analysis ........................................................ 36
2.4.2
Social Cognition Analysis ............................................................. 37
2.4.3
Social Context Analysis ................................................................ 39
2.5 Media and Discourse ........................................................................... 40
2.5.1
Arab News Newspaper ................................................................. 41
2.5.2
The Tehran Times Newspaper ...................................................... 41
2.6 Closing ................................................................................................ 42

3

CHAPTER III .......................................................................... 43
3.1

Research Design .................................................................................. 43

3.2

Data Collection .................................................................................... 44

3.3

Data Analysis ...................................................................................... 45

3.3.1
CDA Analytical Tools .................................................................. 46
3.3.2
Procedures of Data Analysis ......................................................... 48
3.4 Closing ................................................................................................ 51

4. CHAPTER IV........................................................................... 52
4.1

Overview of the Representation of Iran-Saudi Conflict on the Hajj
Stampede 2015 .................................................................................... 52

4.2

The Representation of Iran-Saudi Conflict in the Arab News ............... 54

4.2.1
Macro-propositions (First Level) .................................................. 54
4.2.1.1
Deletion ................................................................................. 54
4.2.1.2
Generalization ....................................................................... 56
4.2.1.3
Construction .......................................................................... 59
4.2.2
Macro-propositions (Second Level) .............................................. 60

4.2.3
Iran and Saudi Arabia in the Arab News ....................................... 66
4.3 The Representation of Iran-Saudi Conflict in the Tehran Times ........... 70
4.3.1
Macro-propositions (First Level) .................................................. 70
4.3.1.1
Deletion ................................................................................. 70
4.3.1.2
Generalization ....................................................................... 73
4.3.1.3
Construction .......................................................................... 74
ABDULKHALEQ ALI AHMED Al-RAWAFI, 2016
THE REPRESENTATION OF IRAN-SAUDI CONFLICT IN THE NEWSPAPERS REGARDING MINA HAJJ
STAMPEDE 2015: A Critical Discourse Analysison the Arab News and Tehran Times
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu

4.3.2
Macro-propositions (Second Level) .............................................. 76
4.3.3
Saudi Arabia in the Tehran Times ................................................. 80

4.4 The Representation of the Islamic Ideological Competition for
Leadership (IICL) between Iran and Saudi Arabia ............................... 86
4.4.1
The Arab Uprising Crisis .............................................................. 88
4.4.2
The Iranian Allies ......................................................................... 92
4.4.3
The Saudi Arabia Allies ................................................................ 94
4.4.4
The Newspapers’ Ideology Position .............................................. 97
4.5 Closing .............................................................................................. 100

5. CHAPTER V .......................................................................... 101
5.1

Conclusions ....................................................................................... 101

5.2

Suggestions........................................................................................ 104

5.3

Closing .............................................................................................. 105

REFERENCES ............................................................................. 107

ABDULKHALEQ ALI AHMED Al-RAWAFI, 2016
THE REPRESENTATION OF IRAN-SAUDI CONFLICT IN THE NEWSPAPERS REGARDING MINA HAJJ
STAMPEDE 2015: A Critical Discourse Analysison the Arab News and Tehran Times
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu