S SEJ 1200036 Table of content
DAFTAR ISI
KATA PENGANTAR ........................................................................................... i
UCAPAN TERIMA KASIH ............................................................................... ii
DAFTAR ISI ........................................................................................................ iii
DAFTAR GAMBAR ............................................................................................ vi
BAB I PENDAHULUAN ......................................................................................1
1.1.Latar Belakang Masalah ....................................................................................1
1.2.Rumusan Masalah ...........................................................................................14
1.3.Tujuan Penelitian ............................................................................................14
1.4.Manfaat Penelitian ..........................................................................................15
1.5.Struktur Organisasi ........................................................................................16
BAB II KAJIAN PUSTAKA ..............................................................................18
2.1. Penelitian Terdahulu ......................................................................................18
2.1.1. Buku yang Digunakan ..........................................................................18
2.1.2. Skripsi, Jurnal dan Makalah .................................................................31
2.2. Ilmu Politik ....................................................................................................35
2.2.1. Diplomasi .............................................................................................36
2.2.2. Kebijakan Politik Luar Negeri .............................................................40
2.2.3. Hubungan Internasional .......................................................................42
2.2.4. Politik Luar Negeri ...............................................................................43
2.3. Biografi dan Autobiografi ...............................................................................45
BAB III METODE PENELITIAN ....................................................................47
3.1. Metode dan Teknik Penelitian .......................................................................47
3.2. Persiapan Penelitian .......................................................................................51
3.2.1. Pemilihan dan Pengajuan Tema Penelitian ..........................................51
3.2.2. Penyusunan Rancangan Penelitian .......................................................53
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3.2.3. Proses Bimbingan ................................................................................54
3.3. Pelaksanaan Penelitian ...................................................................................54
3.3.1. Pengumpulan Sumber (Heuristik) ........................................................54
3.3.2. Kritik Sumber .......................................................................................58
3.3.3. Interpretasi ...........................................................................................59
3.3.4. Historiografi .........................................................................................60
BAB IV KEBIJAKAN ADAM MALIK, MOCHTAR KUSUMAATMADJA
dan ALI ALATAS dalam POLITIK LUAR NEGERI BEBAS AKTIF
INDONESIA TAHUN 1966-1998 ......................................................................63
4.1. Latar Belakang Kehidupan Adam Malik, Mochtar Kusumaatmadja dan
Ali Alatas ..............................................................................................................63
4.1.1. Latar Belakang Kehidupan Adam Malik .............................................63
4.1.2. Latar Belakang Kehidupan Mochtar Kusumaatmadja .........................69
4.1.3. Latar Belakang Kehidupan Ali Alatas .................................................76
4.2. Karakteristik Kebijakan Politik Luar Negeri Bebas Aktif Adam Malik,
Mochtar Kusumaatmadja dan Ali Alatas ..............................................................79
4.3. Perbandingan Kebijakan Politik Luar Negeri Bebas Aktif Adam Malik,
Mochtar Kusumaatmadja dan Ali Alatas Terhadap Masalah-Masalah
Regional dan Internasional ....................................................................................82
4.3.1. Kebijakan Luar Negeri Bebas Aktif Tiga Menteri Terhadap
Masalah-Masalah Regional dan Internasional ...............................................84
4.3.1.1. Kebijakan Politik Luar Negeri Adam Malik .........................84
4.3.1.2. Kebijakan Politik Luar Negeri Mochtar Kusumaatmadja ......91
4.3.1.3. Kebijakan Politik Luar Negeri Ali Alatas .............................98
4.3.2. Perbandingan Kebijakan Politik Luar Negeri Bebas Aktif Adam
Malik, Mochtar Kusumaatmadja dan Ali Alatas .........................................102
Fiky Arista, 2016
POLITIK LUAR NEGERI BEBAS AKTIF INDONESIA
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iv
4.3.2.1. Perbandingan Kebijakan Adam Malik, Mochtar
Kusumaatmadja dan Ali Alatas dalam Masalah Normalisasi
Hubungan Indonesia-RRC ...............................................................102
4.3.2.2. Perbandingan Kebijakan Adam Malik, Mochtar
Kusumaatmadja dan Ali Alatas dalam Masalah Vietnam
Kamboja ...........................................................................................110
4.3.2.3. Perbandingan Kebijakan Adam Malik, Mochtar
Kusumaatmadja dan Ali Alatas dalam Masalah Hak Asasi
Manusia ............................................................................................114
4.3.2.4. Perbandingan Kebijakan Adam Malik, Mochtar
Kusumaatmadja dan Ali Alatas dalam Masalah Dekolonialisasi
Namibia ............................................................................................119
4.4.Perbandingan Kebijakan Adam Malik, Mochtar Kusumaatmadja dan Ali
Alatas Terhadap Organisasi Non Blok ................................................................124
4.4.1. Organisasi ASEAN ............................................................................125
4.4.2. Organiasai PBB ..................................................................................129
4.4.3. Organisasi GNB .................................................................................135
BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN ............................................................145
5.1. Kesimpulan ..................................................................................................145
5.2. Saran .............................................................................................................150
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ........................................................................................152
LAMPIRAN .......................................................................................................158
RIWAYAT HIDUP
Fiky Arista, 2016
POLITIK LUAR NEGERI BEBAS AKTIF INDONESIA
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
v
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar. 4.1. Adam Malik dalam pakaian khas Sumatera “teluk belanga” ..........64
Gambar. 4.2. Adam Malik bersama ibu Nelly ......................................................66
Gambar. 4.3. Mochtar Kusumaatmadja bersama dengan keluarga .......................71
Gambar. 4.4. Ali Alatas .........................................................................................77
Gambar. 4.5. Soeharto dalam KTT Nonblok di Lusaka tahun 1970 ...................135
Gambar. 4.6. Adam Malik dengan Nyonya Shirimavo Bandaranaike ................137
Gambar. 4.7. Adam Malik, Ketua Delegasi Indonesia KTT VI ketika
bertamu kepada Presiden Kuba Fidel Castro ......................................................139
Fiky Arista, 2016
POLITIK LUAR NEGERI BEBAS AKTIF INDONESIA
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
vi
KATA PENGANTAR ........................................................................................... i
UCAPAN TERIMA KASIH ............................................................................... ii
DAFTAR ISI ........................................................................................................ iii
DAFTAR GAMBAR ............................................................................................ vi
BAB I PENDAHULUAN ......................................................................................1
1.1.Latar Belakang Masalah ....................................................................................1
1.2.Rumusan Masalah ...........................................................................................14
1.3.Tujuan Penelitian ............................................................................................14
1.4.Manfaat Penelitian ..........................................................................................15
1.5.Struktur Organisasi ........................................................................................16
BAB II KAJIAN PUSTAKA ..............................................................................18
2.1. Penelitian Terdahulu ......................................................................................18
2.1.1. Buku yang Digunakan ..........................................................................18
2.1.2. Skripsi, Jurnal dan Makalah .................................................................31
2.2. Ilmu Politik ....................................................................................................35
2.2.1. Diplomasi .............................................................................................36
2.2.2. Kebijakan Politik Luar Negeri .............................................................40
2.2.3. Hubungan Internasional .......................................................................42
2.2.4. Politik Luar Negeri ...............................................................................43
2.3. Biografi dan Autobiografi ...............................................................................45
BAB III METODE PENELITIAN ....................................................................47
3.1. Metode dan Teknik Penelitian .......................................................................47
3.2. Persiapan Penelitian .......................................................................................51
3.2.1. Pemilihan dan Pengajuan Tema Penelitian ..........................................51
3.2.2. Penyusunan Rancangan Penelitian .......................................................53
Fiky Arista, 2016
POLITIK LUAR NEGERI BEBAS AKTIF INDONESIA
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
iii
3.2.3. Proses Bimbingan ................................................................................54
3.3. Pelaksanaan Penelitian ...................................................................................54
3.3.1. Pengumpulan Sumber (Heuristik) ........................................................54
3.3.2. Kritik Sumber .......................................................................................58
3.3.3. Interpretasi ...........................................................................................59
3.3.4. Historiografi .........................................................................................60
BAB IV KEBIJAKAN ADAM MALIK, MOCHTAR KUSUMAATMADJA
dan ALI ALATAS dalam POLITIK LUAR NEGERI BEBAS AKTIF
INDONESIA TAHUN 1966-1998 ......................................................................63
4.1. Latar Belakang Kehidupan Adam Malik, Mochtar Kusumaatmadja dan
Ali Alatas ..............................................................................................................63
4.1.1. Latar Belakang Kehidupan Adam Malik .............................................63
4.1.2. Latar Belakang Kehidupan Mochtar Kusumaatmadja .........................69
4.1.3. Latar Belakang Kehidupan Ali Alatas .................................................76
4.2. Karakteristik Kebijakan Politik Luar Negeri Bebas Aktif Adam Malik,
Mochtar Kusumaatmadja dan Ali Alatas ..............................................................79
4.3. Perbandingan Kebijakan Politik Luar Negeri Bebas Aktif Adam Malik,
Mochtar Kusumaatmadja dan Ali Alatas Terhadap Masalah-Masalah
Regional dan Internasional ....................................................................................82
4.3.1. Kebijakan Luar Negeri Bebas Aktif Tiga Menteri Terhadap
Masalah-Masalah Regional dan Internasional ...............................................84
4.3.1.1. Kebijakan Politik Luar Negeri Adam Malik .........................84
4.3.1.2. Kebijakan Politik Luar Negeri Mochtar Kusumaatmadja ......91
4.3.1.3. Kebijakan Politik Luar Negeri Ali Alatas .............................98
4.3.2. Perbandingan Kebijakan Politik Luar Negeri Bebas Aktif Adam
Malik, Mochtar Kusumaatmadja dan Ali Alatas .........................................102
Fiky Arista, 2016
POLITIK LUAR NEGERI BEBAS AKTIF INDONESIA
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
iv
4.3.2.1. Perbandingan Kebijakan Adam Malik, Mochtar
Kusumaatmadja dan Ali Alatas dalam Masalah Normalisasi
Hubungan Indonesia-RRC ...............................................................102
4.3.2.2. Perbandingan Kebijakan Adam Malik, Mochtar
Kusumaatmadja dan Ali Alatas dalam Masalah Vietnam
Kamboja ...........................................................................................110
4.3.2.3. Perbandingan Kebijakan Adam Malik, Mochtar
Kusumaatmadja dan Ali Alatas dalam Masalah Hak Asasi
Manusia ............................................................................................114
4.3.2.4. Perbandingan Kebijakan Adam Malik, Mochtar
Kusumaatmadja dan Ali Alatas dalam Masalah Dekolonialisasi
Namibia ............................................................................................119
4.4.Perbandingan Kebijakan Adam Malik, Mochtar Kusumaatmadja dan Ali
Alatas Terhadap Organisasi Non Blok ................................................................124
4.4.1. Organisasi ASEAN ............................................................................125
4.4.2. Organiasai PBB ..................................................................................129
4.4.3. Organisasi GNB .................................................................................135
BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN ............................................................145
5.1. Kesimpulan ..................................................................................................145
5.2. Saran .............................................................................................................150
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ........................................................................................152
LAMPIRAN .......................................................................................................158
RIWAYAT HIDUP
Fiky Arista, 2016
POLITIK LUAR NEGERI BEBAS AKTIF INDONESIA
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
v
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar. 4.1. Adam Malik dalam pakaian khas Sumatera “teluk belanga” ..........64
Gambar. 4.2. Adam Malik bersama ibu Nelly ......................................................66
Gambar. 4.3. Mochtar Kusumaatmadja bersama dengan keluarga .......................71
Gambar. 4.4. Ali Alatas .........................................................................................77
Gambar. 4.5. Soeharto dalam KTT Nonblok di Lusaka tahun 1970 ...................135
Gambar. 4.6. Adam Malik dengan Nyonya Shirimavo Bandaranaike ................137
Gambar. 4.7. Adam Malik, Ketua Delegasi Indonesia KTT VI ketika
bertamu kepada Presiden Kuba Fidel Castro ......................................................139
Fiky Arista, 2016
POLITIK LUAR NEGERI BEBAS AKTIF INDONESIA
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
vi