THE EFFECTIVENESS OF CLUSTERING TECHNIQUE FOR TEACHING WRITING NARRATIVE TEXT (An Experimental Research at the Tenth Grade of Senior High School) - repository perpustakaan
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION A. Background of the Study Learning is a process of getting knowledge from a subject or a skill by
studying, experiencing, or instruction. Learning English is learning how to speak, read, listen and write in English. The students learnt how to implement those basic skills in daily life. It was mentioned above, there are four major skills in learning language, they are writing, reading, speaking and listening.
Those skills should be mastered by the students when they learn language, so they can achieve a good competence in English.
Writing is one of four skills in learning English. It is used to reveal or express facts, feeling, thought from the writers to the readers in written form.
Writing is comprehensive ability involving grammar, vocabulary and other elements and it one of the interesting activities because it can be developed rapidly when the students‟ concerns and interest are arisen. When they are given many chances to write, they will be more active (Nunan, 1991: 88).
Based on the description above of Senior High School, the students start to learn how to express the meaning of short functional written text in daily life context. They should be able to write some kinds of text. Based on the syllabus for the first grade students of senior high school in the second semester, there are three kinds of texts that the students should master. The texts are recount, procedure and narrative text. This research will focus on teaching narrative text.
1 A narrative text is defined as a text which has the purpose to entertain or amuses the readers and teaches the readers about moral value (Mulyono and Ari, 2010: 30). There are three types of narrative text; they are legend, fable, and fairy tale. The generic structures of narrative text are title, orientation, complication, and resolution.
A fact shows that most of students have some problems in writing. P. Yohana Msanjila (2005: 15) conducted a research which showed the problems of writing problem namely; capitalization and punctuation problem, inexplicitness or fuzziness, poor organization or illogical sequence, spelling problem and grammatical errors. These facts are supported by Alwasilah (2001) who states that writing is considered as the most difficult skill to acquire, because of it to mastery writing skill is important for the students.
Due to the reason mentioned previously, the teachers have to find a good solution and make the students interested in writing English. In senior high school several ways have been done to develop English teaching and learning process, especially developing quality in teaching writing, one of them is modifying the technique of teaching in order to improve students‟ ability in learning writing. The technique that is used does not make the students bored, but it makes learning activity more interesting. One of the ways is implementing clustering technique. Clustering technique is one of the kind pre-writing activities to enhance the creativity in generating and organizing the students‟ ideas by using lines and circles to indicate the relationship.
In addition, some previous study explained that clustering technique is appropriate for teaching writing. The previous study was conducted by Aniza with the title “The Effect of Clustering Technique on Students‟ Ability in Writing Descriptive Text at the S econd Grade of SMP Negeri 2 Kubung”. The result of the research was that the application of clustering technique was effective for teaching writing.
Clustering is used to make students interested in following teaching- learning process, and guide the students to develop their idea to make paragraph and make the students more creative in getting the idea. By using clustering, can develop their writing by finding new ideas, so the students will produce a good writing.
From the statement above, the writer would like to conduct a research under entitled : “The Effectiveness of Clustering Technique for Teaching
Writing Narrative Text (An Experimental Research at the Tenth Grade Students of Senior High School)”. In this research, the researcher uses clustering technique for teaching writing narrative text based on the syllabus.
By conducting this research, it is expected that clustering technique give contribution to curriculum and pedagogy in learning English. In curriculum, clustering technique can be included as a kind of technique in teaching writing. In pedagogy, clustering technique can be applied in teaching learning process. This technique can be applied by the teacher as a variation in writing activities. By using clustering technique, students are expected to be able write a narrative text.
B. Reason of Choosing Topic
The reasons for choosing the topic are as follows:
1. Writing is a productive skill that has to be mastered. However, the students have problems in writing process, which can be a good starting point to the students‟ writing product. So, suitable teaching technique is needed to develop the students‟ writing ability.
2. Clustering technique as a technique can give good contribution to the teacher in teaching writing. Clustering can be used to make a concept about the topic that will help the students to write a paragraph.
C. Problem of the Study
Based on the explanation previously, the problem proposed for this study is “Is clustering technique effective for teaching writing narrative text to the tenth grade students of SMA Negeri 3 Purwokerto in academic year 2014- 2015?” D.
Aims of the Study
The aim of the study is to know the effectiveness of clustering technique in teaching writing narrative text to the first grade students of SMA Negeri 3 Purwokerto.
E. The Scope of the Research
This research will focus on teaching Narrative text. The consideration is based on the syllabus of tenth grade of Senior High School.
F. Classification of the Term
To make the topic easy to understand, the researcher wants to give clarification covered in the title of this research:
1. Effectiveness Effectiveness is a success effort in obtaining and employing a certain objective, therefore it deals with comparison between objective attainment and the previous plan (Mulyasa, 2010: 173).
2. Clustering technique Clustering is an invention and discovery strategy in which the writer groups ideas in a nonlinear fashion, using lines and circles to indicate relationships (Nordquist, 2010: 1).
3. Teaching Teaching is showing or helping someone to learn how to do something, giving instruction, guiding in the study on something, providing with knowledge, causing to know or understand (Brown, 2000: 7).
4. Writing Writing is the mental work of inventing ideas, thinking about how to express them and organizing them into statements and paragraph that will be clear to a reader (Nunan, 2003: 88).
5. Narrative text A narrative is to amuse, entertain, and deal with actual experience in different ways (James, 2006: 11). It is about story which tells a problematic event that is ended by finding solution.
G. Contribution of the study
The thesis is hopefully can give some contribution for:
a. Teacher The result of the study will be useful for English teacher who learn the research result, it means that they can use clustering technique to improve their teaching; especially in teaching writing. This research can give the teacher an alternative method in teaching English, especially in teaching writing.
b. Students The writer also hopes that the result of the research will be useful for students in order that the students can improve their writing ability by clustering technique, learn how to make a good paragraph in writing lesson, and get an experience about how to learn writing using this technique.
c. Readers For the reader especially students in English Education Department
University of Muhammadiyah Purwokerto, the writer hopes this research will give information about the technique in teaching writing English.