THE NECESSITY OF VENGEANCE REFLECTED IN ALEXANDREDUMAS’ THE COUNT OF MONTE CRISTO (1844): The Necessity Of Vengeance Reflected In Alexandre Dumas’ The Count Of Monte Cristo (1844): A Psychoanalytic Criticism.
THE NECESSITY OF VENGEANCE REFLECTED IN ALEXANDRE
DUMAS’ THE COUNT OF MONTE CRISTO (1844):
A PSYCHOANALYTIC CRITICISM
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for Getting
Bachelor Degree of Education in English Department
Compiled by:
RIZAL MAHFUDIN
A320100275
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2014
APPROVAL
THE NECESSITY OF VENGEANCE REFLECTED IN ALEXANDRE
DUMAS’ THE COUNT OF MONTE CRISTO (1844):
A PSYCHOANALYTIC CRITICISM
Presented by:
RIZAL MAHFUDIN
A. 320 100 275
Approved to be Examined by Consultant Team
Consultant I
Consultant II
(Dr. M. Thoyibi, M.S.)
NIK. 410
(Mauly Halwat Hikmat, Ph.D.)
NIK. 727
ii
ACCEPTANCE
THE NECESSITY OF VENGEANCE REFLECTED IN ALEXANDRE
DUMAS’ THE COUNT OF MONTE CRISTO (1844):
A PSYCHOANALYTIC CRITICISM
Accepted and Approved by the Board of Examiner
School of Teacher Training and Education
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
on March 11th , 2014
by
RIZAL MAHFUDIN
A 320 100 275
Team of Examiners:
1. Dr. M. Thoyibi, M.S.
Chair Person
(
)
2. Mauly Halwat Hikmat, Ph.D.
(Member I)
(
)
3. Drs. Abdillah Nugroho, M. Hum.
(Member II)
(
)
Dean
Prof. Dr. Harun Joko Prayitno, M. Hum.
NIP: 19650428 199303 1001
iii
TESTIMONY
I hereby testify that in this research paper, there is no plagiarism of the
previous work which has been raised to obtain bachelor degree of a university, nor
there are opinions nor masterpieces which have been written or published by other,
except those in which the writing are referred in the manuscript, mentioned in
literary review and bibliography.
Hence, later if it is proven that there are some untrue statements in this
testimony; hence I will hold full responsibility.
Surakarta, 28 February 2014
Rizal Mahfudin
iv
MOTTO
You can never cross the ocean until you have
The courage to lose sight of the shore
(Cristopher Columbus)
“Learn” then “Earn”
(Anonymous)
Make your lives a masterpiece,
You only get one canvas
(e. a. bucchianeri)
Strive not to be a success,
But rather to be of value
(Albert Einstein)
Failure is a mate who pressures us to try harder,
He then will lead us to the other mate
Named success
(R. Mahfudin)
v
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
First of all, the writer would like to deliver his grateful to The Almighty
God, Allah SWT for His grace, guidance, and mercy, so the writer, at last, is able
to complete his research entitled “THE NECESSITY OF VENGEANCE
REFLECTED IN ALEXANDRE DUMAS’ THE COUNT OF MONTE
CRISTO (1844): A PSYCHOANALYTIC CRITICISM”.
Subsequently, the completion of this undertaking could not have been
possible done without the participation and assistance of so many people whose
names may not all be enumerated. Their contributions are sincerely appreciated and
gratefully acknowledged. However, the researcher would like to express his deep
appreciation and indebtedness particularly to the following:
1. Prof. Dr. Harun Joko Prayitno, M. Hum., as the Dean of School of Teacher
Training and Education at Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta,
2. Titis Setyabudi, S.S. M. Hum., as the former Chief of English Education
Department and also as the academic consultant who gives academic
guidance, advices, and support during his study in the university,
3. Dr. M. Thoyibi, M.S. as the first consultant for his research guidance,
advice, and suggestion,
vi
4. Mauly Halwat, Ph. D. as the second consultant, for her grammar guidance,
advice, and suggestion and also as a new chief of English Education
Department,
5. Drs. Abdillah Nugroho, M. Hum., as the third examiner for advice and
suggestion,
6. All of DEE’s lecturers, for their knowledge, patience, guidance, and
supports,
7. His best friends, especially celay (Ami, Anita, and Novi) and F4/colay
(Agung, Danang, Dodi, Heri), for their untiring help, support, cooperation,
and unceasing encouragement,
8. EDSO and MUEC, for their unpayable experiences of organization and
English course management course,
9. GENDHING for the spectacular English drama performance on June 13th,
2013 and also VOG for our best friendship,
10. His friends of PPL at MTS N 2 Surakarta for the valuable teaching
experience,
11. All DEE’s students, especially for students’ 2010 academic year, thanks for
all unforgettable experience, struggle, laugh, sadness, and unstoppable spirit
during our study at college,
12. His beloved parents (Rohdwiono and Hanifah Wuryani) and brothers
(Dimas and Urfan) for all spirit, prayer, and wish,
13. Last but not least, his beloved gorgeous soul, Farida Hikmawati, for all joys
and untiring encouragement.
vii
The researcher realizes that there are many inadequacies in this study. Thus,
any constrictive suggestion is welcome for the research development in the
university.
Surakarta, 28 February 2014
Sincerely yours
Rizal Mahfudin
viii
DEDICATION
proudly dedicated to:
His beloved Mom and Dad
His cherished brothers
HIS inseparable friends
His adorable lover
and
Those supporting the study
ix
SUMMARY
RIZAL MAHFUDIN. A 320 100 275. THE NECESSITY OF VENGEANCE
REFLECTED IN ALEXANDRE DUMAS’ THE COUNT OF MONTE
CRISTO (1844): A PSYCHOANALYTIC CRITICISM. RESEARCH PAPER.
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA.
This research aims at analyzing necessity of vengeance in the Count of
Monte Cristo novel by using Psychoanalytic Criticism. The major problem in this
research is to describe how necessity of vengeance is reflected in Alexandre Dumas’
the Count of Monte Cristo. The research consists of two objectives: analyzing the
novel based on structural elements and analyzing the novel based on
psychoanalytic criticism. This study uses qualitative research. The object of the
study is the Count of Monte Cristo novel written by Alexandre Dumas. There are
two kinds of data source: primary and secondary. The primary data source is the
text of the novel Alexandre Dumas’s Count of Monte Cristo and the secondary data
sources are some books and article related to the subject. The method of collecting
data in the research is library research by summarizing, paraphrasing, and
documenting the data. In analyzing the data, the writer applies descriptive analysis.
The result of the research bears some conclusions: first, based on psychoanalytic
analysis, the main character, Count of Monte Cristo, is a man who has a pleasure
seeking personality. Second, vengeance is necessary for Count to restore his selfesteem and to punish their enemies in order to make them aware of their mistakes.
Last, Dumas writes the Count of Monte Cristo novel as a mirror of society which
describes that there are many individuals exacting vengeance in society and also
as an advice to society to prevent vengeance as a means of curing the pain.
Keywords: vengeance, necessity, self-esteem, mistakes, pleasure, society.
Consultant I
Consultant II
Dr. M. Thoyibi, M.S.
NIK. 410
Mauly Halwat Hikmat, Ph.D.
NIK. 727
Dean
Prof. Dr. Harun Joko Prayitno, M. Hum.
NIP: 19650428 199303 1001
x
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
TITLE ................................................................................................................................ i
APPROVAL .................................................................................................................... ii
ACCEPTANCE ............................................................................................................. iii
TESTIMONY ................................................................................................................. iv
MOTTO ............................................................................................................................ v
ACKNOWLEDGMENT ............................................................................................. vi
DEDICATION ............................................................................................................... ix
SUMMARY ..................................................................................................................... x
TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................ xi
CHAPTER I : INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study ............................................................ 1
B. Literature Review ..................................................................... 10
C. Problem Statement.................................................................... 12
D. Limitation of the Study............................................................. 12
E. Objectives of the Study............................................................. 12
F. Benefits of the Study ................................................................ 13
G. Research Method ...................................................................... 13
H. Research Paper Organization.................................................... 15
CHAPTER II : UNDERLYING THEORY
A. Notion of Psychoanalysis ......................................................... 16
B. Structure of Personality ............................................................ 18
xi
1. Id ........................................................................................... 19
2. Superego ............................................................................... 20
3. Ego........................................................................................ 22
C. Aggression ................................................................................ 23
D. Vengeance................................................................................. 25
1. Notion of Vengeance ............................................................ 25
2. Vengeance Aims ................................................................... 27
E. Structural Elements of the Fiction ............................................ 29
1. Character............................................................................... 29
2. Theme ................................................................................... 30
3. Plot........................................................................................ 30
4. Setting ................................................................................... 31
5. Point of View........................................................................ 31
6. Style ...................................................................................... 32
F. Theoretical Application ............................................................ 33
CHAPTER III : STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
A. Structural Elements................................................................... 34
1. Character and Characterization............................................. 34
2. Setting ................................................................................... 60
3. Plot........................................................................................ 63
4. Point of View........................................................................ 69
5. Style ...................................................................................... 70
6. Theme ................................................................................... 76
xii
B. Discussion................................................................................. 76
CHAPTER IV : PSYCHOANALYTIC ANALYSIS
A. Structure of Count of Monte Cristo’s Personalities.................. 80
1. Id ........................................................................................... 80
2. Superego ............................................................................... 82
3. Ego........................................................................................ 85
B. Discussion................................................................................. 88
CHAPTER V : CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
A. Conclusion ................................................................................ 91
B. Pedagogical Implication ........................................................... 92
C. Suggestion................................................................................. 93
BIBLIOGRAPHY ........................................................................................................ 94
APPENDIX
xiii
DUMAS’ THE COUNT OF MONTE CRISTO (1844):
A PSYCHOANALYTIC CRITICISM
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for Getting
Bachelor Degree of Education in English Department
Compiled by:
RIZAL MAHFUDIN
A320100275
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2014
APPROVAL
THE NECESSITY OF VENGEANCE REFLECTED IN ALEXANDRE
DUMAS’ THE COUNT OF MONTE CRISTO (1844):
A PSYCHOANALYTIC CRITICISM
Presented by:
RIZAL MAHFUDIN
A. 320 100 275
Approved to be Examined by Consultant Team
Consultant I
Consultant II
(Dr. M. Thoyibi, M.S.)
NIK. 410
(Mauly Halwat Hikmat, Ph.D.)
NIK. 727
ii
ACCEPTANCE
THE NECESSITY OF VENGEANCE REFLECTED IN ALEXANDRE
DUMAS’ THE COUNT OF MONTE CRISTO (1844):
A PSYCHOANALYTIC CRITICISM
Accepted and Approved by the Board of Examiner
School of Teacher Training and Education
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
on March 11th , 2014
by
RIZAL MAHFUDIN
A 320 100 275
Team of Examiners:
1. Dr. M. Thoyibi, M.S.
Chair Person
(
)
2. Mauly Halwat Hikmat, Ph.D.
(Member I)
(
)
3. Drs. Abdillah Nugroho, M. Hum.
(Member II)
(
)
Dean
Prof. Dr. Harun Joko Prayitno, M. Hum.
NIP: 19650428 199303 1001
iii
TESTIMONY
I hereby testify that in this research paper, there is no plagiarism of the
previous work which has been raised to obtain bachelor degree of a university, nor
there are opinions nor masterpieces which have been written or published by other,
except those in which the writing are referred in the manuscript, mentioned in
literary review and bibliography.
Hence, later if it is proven that there are some untrue statements in this
testimony; hence I will hold full responsibility.
Surakarta, 28 February 2014
Rizal Mahfudin
iv
MOTTO
You can never cross the ocean until you have
The courage to lose sight of the shore
(Cristopher Columbus)
“Learn” then “Earn”
(Anonymous)
Make your lives a masterpiece,
You only get one canvas
(e. a. bucchianeri)
Strive not to be a success,
But rather to be of value
(Albert Einstein)
Failure is a mate who pressures us to try harder,
He then will lead us to the other mate
Named success
(R. Mahfudin)
v
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
First of all, the writer would like to deliver his grateful to The Almighty
God, Allah SWT for His grace, guidance, and mercy, so the writer, at last, is able
to complete his research entitled “THE NECESSITY OF VENGEANCE
REFLECTED IN ALEXANDRE DUMAS’ THE COUNT OF MONTE
CRISTO (1844): A PSYCHOANALYTIC CRITICISM”.
Subsequently, the completion of this undertaking could not have been
possible done without the participation and assistance of so many people whose
names may not all be enumerated. Their contributions are sincerely appreciated and
gratefully acknowledged. However, the researcher would like to express his deep
appreciation and indebtedness particularly to the following:
1. Prof. Dr. Harun Joko Prayitno, M. Hum., as the Dean of School of Teacher
Training and Education at Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta,
2. Titis Setyabudi, S.S. M. Hum., as the former Chief of English Education
Department and also as the academic consultant who gives academic
guidance, advices, and support during his study in the university,
3. Dr. M. Thoyibi, M.S. as the first consultant for his research guidance,
advice, and suggestion,
vi
4. Mauly Halwat, Ph. D. as the second consultant, for her grammar guidance,
advice, and suggestion and also as a new chief of English Education
Department,
5. Drs. Abdillah Nugroho, M. Hum., as the third examiner for advice and
suggestion,
6. All of DEE’s lecturers, for their knowledge, patience, guidance, and
supports,
7. His best friends, especially celay (Ami, Anita, and Novi) and F4/colay
(Agung, Danang, Dodi, Heri), for their untiring help, support, cooperation,
and unceasing encouragement,
8. EDSO and MUEC, for their unpayable experiences of organization and
English course management course,
9. GENDHING for the spectacular English drama performance on June 13th,
2013 and also VOG for our best friendship,
10. His friends of PPL at MTS N 2 Surakarta for the valuable teaching
experience,
11. All DEE’s students, especially for students’ 2010 academic year, thanks for
all unforgettable experience, struggle, laugh, sadness, and unstoppable spirit
during our study at college,
12. His beloved parents (Rohdwiono and Hanifah Wuryani) and brothers
(Dimas and Urfan) for all spirit, prayer, and wish,
13. Last but not least, his beloved gorgeous soul, Farida Hikmawati, for all joys
and untiring encouragement.
vii
The researcher realizes that there are many inadequacies in this study. Thus,
any constrictive suggestion is welcome for the research development in the
university.
Surakarta, 28 February 2014
Sincerely yours
Rizal Mahfudin
viii
DEDICATION
proudly dedicated to:
His beloved Mom and Dad
His cherished brothers
HIS inseparable friends
His adorable lover
and
Those supporting the study
ix
SUMMARY
RIZAL MAHFUDIN. A 320 100 275. THE NECESSITY OF VENGEANCE
REFLECTED IN ALEXANDRE DUMAS’ THE COUNT OF MONTE
CRISTO (1844): A PSYCHOANALYTIC CRITICISM. RESEARCH PAPER.
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA.
This research aims at analyzing necessity of vengeance in the Count of
Monte Cristo novel by using Psychoanalytic Criticism. The major problem in this
research is to describe how necessity of vengeance is reflected in Alexandre Dumas’
the Count of Monte Cristo. The research consists of two objectives: analyzing the
novel based on structural elements and analyzing the novel based on
psychoanalytic criticism. This study uses qualitative research. The object of the
study is the Count of Monte Cristo novel written by Alexandre Dumas. There are
two kinds of data source: primary and secondary. The primary data source is the
text of the novel Alexandre Dumas’s Count of Monte Cristo and the secondary data
sources are some books and article related to the subject. The method of collecting
data in the research is library research by summarizing, paraphrasing, and
documenting the data. In analyzing the data, the writer applies descriptive analysis.
The result of the research bears some conclusions: first, based on psychoanalytic
analysis, the main character, Count of Monte Cristo, is a man who has a pleasure
seeking personality. Second, vengeance is necessary for Count to restore his selfesteem and to punish their enemies in order to make them aware of their mistakes.
Last, Dumas writes the Count of Monte Cristo novel as a mirror of society which
describes that there are many individuals exacting vengeance in society and also
as an advice to society to prevent vengeance as a means of curing the pain.
Keywords: vengeance, necessity, self-esteem, mistakes, pleasure, society.
Consultant I
Consultant II
Dr. M. Thoyibi, M.S.
NIK. 410
Mauly Halwat Hikmat, Ph.D.
NIK. 727
Dean
Prof. Dr. Harun Joko Prayitno, M. Hum.
NIP: 19650428 199303 1001
x
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
TITLE ................................................................................................................................ i
APPROVAL .................................................................................................................... ii
ACCEPTANCE ............................................................................................................. iii
TESTIMONY ................................................................................................................. iv
MOTTO ............................................................................................................................ v
ACKNOWLEDGMENT ............................................................................................. vi
DEDICATION ............................................................................................................... ix
SUMMARY ..................................................................................................................... x
TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................ xi
CHAPTER I : INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study ............................................................ 1
B. Literature Review ..................................................................... 10
C. Problem Statement.................................................................... 12
D. Limitation of the Study............................................................. 12
E. Objectives of the Study............................................................. 12
F. Benefits of the Study ................................................................ 13
G. Research Method ...................................................................... 13
H. Research Paper Organization.................................................... 15
CHAPTER II : UNDERLYING THEORY
A. Notion of Psychoanalysis ......................................................... 16
B. Structure of Personality ............................................................ 18
xi
1. Id ........................................................................................... 19
2. Superego ............................................................................... 20
3. Ego........................................................................................ 22
C. Aggression ................................................................................ 23
D. Vengeance................................................................................. 25
1. Notion of Vengeance ............................................................ 25
2. Vengeance Aims ................................................................... 27
E. Structural Elements of the Fiction ............................................ 29
1. Character............................................................................... 29
2. Theme ................................................................................... 30
3. Plot........................................................................................ 30
4. Setting ................................................................................... 31
5. Point of View........................................................................ 31
6. Style ...................................................................................... 32
F. Theoretical Application ............................................................ 33
CHAPTER III : STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
A. Structural Elements................................................................... 34
1. Character and Characterization............................................. 34
2. Setting ................................................................................... 60
3. Plot........................................................................................ 63
4. Point of View........................................................................ 69
5. Style ...................................................................................... 70
6. Theme ................................................................................... 76
xii
B. Discussion................................................................................. 76
CHAPTER IV : PSYCHOANALYTIC ANALYSIS
A. Structure of Count of Monte Cristo’s Personalities.................. 80
1. Id ........................................................................................... 80
2. Superego ............................................................................... 82
3. Ego........................................................................................ 85
B. Discussion................................................................................. 88
CHAPTER V : CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
A. Conclusion ................................................................................ 91
B. Pedagogical Implication ........................................................... 92
C. Suggestion................................................................................. 93
BIBLIOGRAPHY ........................................................................................................ 94
APPENDIX
xiii