AN ANALYSIS OF CONVERSATIONAL MAXIMS IN DR. OZ TALK SHOW.

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AN ANALYSIS OF CONVERSATIONAL MAXIMS IN

DR. OZ TALK SHOW

Submitted to the English Department of UNIMED Medan in Partial as Fulfillment of the Requirement for

The Degree of Sarjana Sastra

PULUNGAN NABABAN

Registration Number 2103220036

FACULTY OF LANGUAGES AND ARTS

STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Praise the Lord, the Almighty Father, in the name of Jesus Christ. First of all, the writer would like to thank Him for all His blessing, guarding, guidance and for everything that have been given along his life and for His Holy Spirit to the writer, especially in accomplishing this thesis. This thesis is aimed to fulfill one of the requirements to obtain the S1 degree of Sarjana Sastra at English Department in Faculty of Languages and Arts, State University of Medan.

In completing this thesis, the writer has received a lot of assistance and academic support from some people. Therefore, the writer would like to express his sincere gratitude, love and special thanks to:

• Prof. Dr. Ibnu Hajar Damanik, M.Si., the Rector of State University of Medan.

• Dr. Isda Pramuniati, M.Hum., the Dean of Faculty of Languages and Arts for her leadership and administrative assistance during the process of write this thesis.

• Prof. Dr. Hj. Sumarsih, M.Pd, as the Head of English Department, Rika S.Pd., H.Hum, as Secretary of English department for all of their administrative help during his study and in conducting this thesis, Dra. Meisuri, M.A, as the Head of English Literature Study Program and also as the reviewers at Seminar Proposal and Sidang Meja Hijau, Dra. Masitowarni, M.Ed, his academic adviser.

• Dr. Zainuddin, DIP. TEFL.,M.Hum, his thesis adviser, for the advice, guidance, constructive comment, valuable knowledge, and precious time he spent in correcting and supervising the draft of writing during the completion of this thesis.

• All beloved Lecturers in English and Literature Department who advised and guided the writer during academic years.

• Dra. Rahmah, M.Hum, for the valuable advice and suggestion as the reviewers at Seminar Proposal and Sidang Meja Hijau.

• His beloved parents, Jainar Nababan and mother, Ensina Sitinjak for the pray, love, moral, motivation, patients and financial support. And also thanks for the love and support from his elder brothers Mubyarto Nababan, and Jumadi Nababan, younger brother Gunawan Nababan and his younger sister Dorlina Nababan.

• His beloved Yohana Siregar for her love, prayed, supported during the final, and made me feel anything is possible. And also thanks for her patient and understanding who always accompany the writer in the happiness and trouble.

• His friends, a special partnership of all this hard and leisure times, Wardania, Novinda, Kidu, Tria, Yohana G, Ulan, Ecci, Jaka, Fathur, Johanri, Leonardo, David, Afdy, Alimuis, Irwan, Adi, and his boarding house’s friends Hatoropan Simbolon, Cipto Purba, Osin Manurung, Marissa Sihombing, Rita Sihombing, his young brothers/sisters academic, and his beloved Applied Linguistics A and B Reg’10, that

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could not be mentioned one by one. Thanks for their support, info, encouragement, and team work.

• The Head of Kasubbag State University of Medan Librabry Drs. Banu Susanto, Msi who has permitted the writer to do the research.

Without their deep and sympathetic understanding, this thesis could not complete. Over all, the writer hopes this thesis can give a bit contribution to the Applied Linguistics. Therefore, comments, critics, suggestions, and advices are expected from the readers.

Medan, Juni 2014 The writer,

Pulungan Nababan

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ABSTRACT

Nababan, Pulungan. Register Number: 2103220036. An Analysis of Conversational Maxims in Dr. OZ Talk Show. A Thesis. English Applied Linguistics study program. Postgraduate school. State University of Medan. 2014.

This study deals with an analysis of conversational maxims in Dr. Oz Talk Show. The objectives of the study are (1) to find out the types of maxim that used in Dr. Oz talk show, (2) to find out the most dominant type of maxim used in Dr. Oz talk show, and (3) to give the reasons why the most type of maxim used in Dr. Oz talk show by using Grice’s theory of Cooperative Principle. The study was conducted by qualitative method. The date were obtained from the video and transcription of two episodes of “Dr. Oz” program, namely “Celine Dion and Dr.Oz One on One” and “GMO Foods: Are They Dangerous to Your Health?”. The data were analyzed by applying qualitative content analysis. The findings indicated that there are four types of maxim occurred in the Dr. Oz talk show, namely: maxim of quantity 28 utterances (47,45%), maxim of quality 6 utterances (10,26%), maxim of relevant 14 utterances (23,72%), and maxim of manner 11 utterances (18,64%). The dominant type of maxim appeared is maxim of quantity occurs with 28 utterances (47,45%) from 59 utterances. The reasons of the dominant type of maxim appeared because the information of interviewees was informative as required from the interviewer.

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ABSTRACT... i

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT... ii

TABLE OF CONTENTS...iv

LIST OF TABLE... vi

LIST OF APPENDICES... vii

I. INTRODUCTION A. The Background of Study... 1

B. The Problems of Study …...………...…….…4

C. The Scope of Study... 4

D. The Objectives of the Study ...………....………...………. 4

E. The Significances of Study………..………...……… 5

II. REVIEW OF LITERATURE A. Politeness ...……… 6

1. Politeness Strategies According to Leech... 6

2. Politeness Strategies According to Robin Lakoff... 7

3. Politeness Strategies According to Brown and Levinson... 8

a. Bald On Record...8

b. Off Record... 9

c. Positive Politeness... 11

d. Negative Politeness... 14

B. Toba Batak... 16

1. The Attitude and Daily Activity of Toba Batak... 16

2. The Addressee Term in Toba Batak... 17

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v III. RESEARCH METHOD

A. The Research Design... 23

B. The Subject of Research... 23

C. The Technique of Collecting Data ………... 24

D. The Technique of Analyzing Data ……….…... 24

IV. DATA AND DATA ANALYSIS A. Data... 25

B. Data Analysis... 25

1. Politeness Strategies Used by Toba Batak Sellers... 26

a. Bald on record... 26

b. Off record... 26

c. Positive Politeness... 28

d. Negative Politeness... 31

2. The Types of Politeness Strategies Used by Toba Batak Sellers... 33

3. The Dominant Type of Politeness Strategies Used by Toba Batak Sellers... 35

4. The Roles of Politeness to Toba Batak... 36

5. The Implication of Politeness Strategies to Toba Batak... 37

6. The Findings...38

V. CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS A. Conclusion... 39

B. Suggestion... 40

REFERENCES………. 42

APPENDIX A... 44

APPENDIX B... 63

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LIST OF TABLE

Table 4.1 Types of maxims in “Celine Dion and Dr. Oz

on One”... 28 Table 4.2 Types of maxims in “GMO Foods: Are They Dangerous

to Your Health?”...30 Table 4.3 The dominant type of maxims in Dr. Oz

talk show...32

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CHAPTER V

CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS

A. Conclusions

After analyzing the data and determining the types of conversational maxims in the transcripts of Dr. Oz talk show, some conclusions were presented as the following:

1. The four types of conversational maxims were occurred in the two episodes of Dr. Oz talk show. They were maxim of quantity (28), maxim of quality (6), maxim of relevant (14) and maxim of manner (11).

2. The most dominant type of maxim in Dr. Oz talk show was maxim of quantity with 28 utterances (47,45%).

3. The reasons of the dominant type of maxim appeared because the information of interviewees was informative as required from the interviewer. How much the types of maxim it based on the questions. The interviewees try to give the purpose of the conversation.

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B.Suggestions

By considering the research findings and conclusions, there are some suggestions which are presented as the following:

1. English teachers are suggested to develop their teaching materials by using conversation in video to improve the students ability and interest in conversational maxims.

2. The students who learn pragmatics need to comprehend conversational maxim so that they get the meaning from information that found in conversation such as talk show.

Other researchers are suggested to make more depth analysis of conversational maxims in other objects.

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REFERENCES

Chaer, Abdul. 2010. Kesantunan Berbahasa. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta.

Davies, Bethan. 1997. Grice’s Cooperative Principle:Getting The Meaning Across.

Dia, Eva Eri. 2012. Analisis Praanggapan. Malang: Madani.

Farhani, Najla. 2011. Conversational Maxim in Kick Andy Talk Show Program on

Metro Tv. Ringkasan Skripsi. Medan: Universitas Negeri Medan.

Hancock B., Windridge K., and Ockleford E. 2007. An Introduction to

Qualitative Research. East Midlands: The NIHR RDS EM / YH.

Idamaningati, Titis. 2013. Conversational Implicature Analysis in Spoken Quotation Words Used by The Main Character of 5 CM Novel. Jurnal

Ilmiah Mahasiswa FIB. Volume 2, no 2.

http://talkshows.about.com/od/thedrozshow/p/DrOzBio.html/ 3 January 2014/ 20:10:18

http://linguistics - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.html/ 2 January 2014/ 14:15:18

http://talk show - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.html/3 January 2014/20:45:19/ http://the Dr.Oz Show-Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.html/3January

2014/20:30:10

Kreidler, Charles W. 1998. Introducing English Semantics. New York: Routledge.

Mustika, Arta. 2011. An Analysis of Conversational Maxims in Pride and

Prejudice Movie. Ringkasan Skripsi. Medan: Universitas Negeri Medan.

Mukaromah, Hidayatul. 2013. Analisis Pelanggaran Prinsip Kerja Sama Dan Prisip Kesopanan Dalam Kolom Sing Lucu Pada Majalah Panjebar Semangat Edisi Febuari-Juni Tahun 2012. Jurnal Pendidikan, Bahasa, Sastra, dan

Budaya Jawa Universitas Muhammadiyah Purworejo, volume 3, No 06.

Novawati. 2006. Conversational Implicature Generated by the Exploitation of

ConversationalnMaxims in Newsweek’s Interview. Ringkasan Skripsi.Medan:

Universitas Negeri Medan.

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Purwo, K. Bambang. 1990. Pragmatik dan pengajaran bahasa. Yogyakarta: Kanisius.

Rahardi, R. Kunjana. 2002. Pragmatik-Kesantunan Imperatif Berbahasa

Indonesia. Prinsip Kerjasama Grice. Jakarta: Erlangga.

Tamalia, J. Adiel. 2013. An Analysis of Politeness Maxims Used by The Host of Bukan Empat Mata Talk Show In Semangat Garuda Muda Episode. Jurnal

Ilmiah Mahasiswa FIB. Volume no2, no 5.

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LIST OF TABLE

Table 4.1 Types of maxims in “Celine Dion and Dr. Oz

on One”... 28 Table 4.2 Types of maxims in “GMO Foods: Are They Dangerous

to Your Health?”...30 Table 4.3 The dominant type of maxims in Dr. Oz

talk show...32

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CHAPTER V

CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS

A. Conclusions

After analyzing the data and determining the types of conversational maxims in the transcripts of Dr. Oz talk show, some conclusions were presented as the following:

2. The most dominant type of maxim in Dr. Oz talk show was maxim of quantity with 28 utterances (47,45%).

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B. Suggestions

By considering the research findings and conclusions, there are some suggestions which are presented as the following:

1. English teachers are suggested to develop their teaching materials by using conversation in video to improve the students ability and interest in conversational maxims.

2. The students who learn pragmatics need to comprehend conversational maxim so that they get the meaning from information that found in conversation such as talk show.

Other researchers are suggested to make more depth analysis of conversational maxims in other objects.

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REFERENCES

Chaer, Abdul. 2010. Kesantunan Berbahasa. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta.

Davies, Bethan. 1997. Grice’s Cooperative Principle:Getting The Meaning Across.

Dia, Eva Eri. 2012. Analisis Praanggapan. Malang: Madani.

Farhani, Najla. 2011. Conversational Maxim in Kick Andy Talk Show Program on Metro Tv. Ringkasan Skripsi. Medan: Universitas Negeri Medan.

Hancock B., Windridge K., and Ockleford E. 2007. An Introduction to

Qualitative Research. East Midlands: The NIHR RDS EM / YH.

Idamaningati, Titis. 2013. Conversational Implicature Analysis in Spoken Quotation Words Used by The Main Character of 5 CM Novel. Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa FIB. Volume 2, no 2.

http://talkshows.about.com/od/thedrozshow/p/DrOzBio.html/ 3 January 2014/ 20:10:18

http://linguistics - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.html/ 2 January 2014/ 14:15:18

http://talk show - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.html/3 January 2014/20:45:19/ http://the Dr.Oz Show-Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.html/3January

2014/20:30:10

Kreidler, Charles W. 1998. Introducing English Semantics. New York: Routledge.

Mustika, Arta. 2011. An Analysis of Conversational Maxims in Pride and Prejudice Movie. Ringkasan Skripsi. Medan: Universitas Negeri Medan. Mukaromah, Hidayatul. 2013. Analisis Pelanggaran Prinsip Kerja Sama Dan

Prisip Kesopanan Dalam Kolom Sing Lucu Pada Majalah Panjebar Semangat Edisi Febuari-Juni Tahun 2012. Jurnal Pendidikan, Bahasa, Sastra, dan

Budaya Jawa Universitas Muhammadiyah Purworejo, volume 3, No 06.

Novawati. 2006. Conversational Implicature Generated by the Exploitation of ConversationalnMaxims in Newsweek’s Interview. Ringkasan Skripsi.Medan: Universitas Negeri Medan.

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Purwo, K. Bambang. 1990. Pragmatik dan pengajaran bahasa. Yogyakarta: Kanisius.

Rahardi, R. Kunjana. 2002. Pragmatik-Kesantunan Imperatif Berbahasa Indonesia. Prinsip Kerjasama Grice. Jakarta: Erlangga.

Tamalia, J. Adiel. 2013. An Analysis of Politeness Maxims Used by The Host of Bukan Empat Mata Talk Show In Semangat Garuda Muda Episode. Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa FIB. Volume no2, no 5.

AN ANALYSIS OF CONVERSATIONAL MAXIMS IN DR. OZ TALK SHOW.