AN ANALYSIS OF SLANG LANGUAGE IN SONG LYRICS USED BY “JUSTIN BIEBER”.
AN ANALYSIS OF SLANG LANGUAGE IN SONG
LYRICS USED
BY “JUSTIN BIEBER”
A THESIS
Submitted as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for the Sarjana Degree of English Department Faculty of Letters and
Humanities the State Islamic University of Sunan Ampel Surabaya
By
Siti Nia Mahnunik
Reg. Number: A03211077
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF LETTERS AND HUMANITIES
STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF SUNAN AMPEL
SURABAYA
2015
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AN ANALYSIS OF SLANG LANGUAGE IN SONG
LYRICS USED
BY “JUSTIN BIEBER”
A THESIS
Submitted as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for the Sarjana Degree of English Department Faculty of Letters and
Humanities the State Islamic University of SunanAmpel Surabaya
By
Siti Nia Mahnunik
Reg. Number: A03211077
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF LETTERS AND HUMANITIES
STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF SUNAN AMPEL
SURABAYA
2015
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ABSTRACT
An Analysis Of Slang Language in Song Lyrics Used by “Justin Bieber” By: Siti Nia Mahnunik
This study concern with the analysis of slang words in Justin Bieber song lyrics. there are two statement problem (1) What slang words are used by Justin Bieber in his song lyrics (2) What are the characteristic of using slang words in Justin Bieber lyrics.
Slang is nonstandard use of word in a language of a part social group. Slang terms are often particular to a certain subculture, such as: musicians, skate boarders and drugs users. Another theory of slang by Menchen (1936: 481) slang is expressions that do not belong to Standard English. For example: “what‟s up?” is an example of term for asking about people or greeting a person. There are four characteristic of slang words, they are Blending, Clipping, coinage and acronym. To reveal the problems that were mentioned in the research problems, the writer used descriptive qualitatative method.
To collecting the data the writer searching the lyrics songs by Justin Bieber in Internet, after that the writer collected the slang word was found in lyrics and the last find the characteristic of slang words that used in Justin Bieber song lyrics.
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INTISARI
An Analysis Of Slang Language in Song Lyrics Used by “Justin Bieber” Oleh: Siti Nia Mahnunik
Penelitian ini menganalisis tentang bahasa slang yang di gunakan pada lirik lagu Justin Bieber. Ada dua pertanyaan masalah (1) apa saja kata kata slang yang digunakan dalam lirik lagu Justin Bieber. (2) apa saja karakteristik bahasa gaul di lirik lagu Justin Bieber.
Slang adalah penggunaan yang tidak standar dalam bahasa pada suatu kelompok sosial. Istilah slang sering khusus untuk subkultur tertentu, seperti: musisi, skate board dan pengguna obat obatan. Teori lain slang oleh Menchen (1936: 481) slang adalah ekspresi yang bukan milik bahasa inggris standar Misalnya: "? Apa yang terjadi" adalah contoh istilah untuk bertanya tentang orang atau ucapan seseorang. Ada empat karakteristik kata-kata slang, yaitu Blending, Kliping, penciptaan dan, akronim.. Untuk mengungkap masalah yang disebutkan dalam masalah penelitian, penulis menggunakan metode deskriptif qualitatative.
Untuk mengumpulkan data penulis mencari lirik lagu-lagu Justin Bieber di internet, setelah itu penulis mengumpulkan kata slang ditemukan dalam lirik dan terakhir menemukan karakteristik kata-kata slang yang digunakan dalam Justin Bieber lirik lagu.
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TABLE OF CONTENT
Inside Cover Page ... i
Inside Title Page ... ii
Declaration Page ... iii
Thesis Advisor‟s Approval Page ... iv
Thesis Examiner sheet Page ... v
Motto ... vi
Dedication ... vii
Acknowledgment ... viii
Table of Contents ... x
Abstract ... xii
Intisari ... xiii
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of Study ... 1
1.2 Statement of the Problems ... 5
1.3 Object purpose ... 5
1.4 Significance of the Study ... 5
1.5 Scope and Limitation ... 5
1.6 Definition of Key Terms ... 6
CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Sociolinguistic ... 8
2.2 Language variety ... 9
2.2.1 Dialect ... 10
2.2.2 Register ... 11
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2.2.4 Style ... 11
2.2.5 Slang ... 12
2.2.5.1 Definition of slang ... 12
2.3 Previous Study ... 22
CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH METHOD 3.1 Research Design ... 24
3.2 Subject/ participant population and sample ... 24
3.3 Data ... 25
3.4 Data Collection... 25
3.5 Data Analysis ... 25
CHAPTER 4 FINDING AND DISCUSSION 4.1 Finding ... 27
4.2 Discussion ... 44
CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION 5.1 Conclusion ... 46
5.2 Suggestion ... 48 REFERENCE
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CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1Background of the study
Language is the most important aspect in the life all of beings. As people in this world we need language for improving the language of our life, but not only for human, the animal and so on, it need a language for using their life, while before we use the language, we must be spirit to know it, like English its now I‟m studying in UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya, and still processing to step in the future.
According to Meyer F Charles (2009) language is one of many different systems of communication, a system that is unique to human beings and different from, for instance, the systems of communication that animals employ. Language exists in three modes: speech, writing, and signs (which are used by people who are deaf). Although all languages (with the exception of sign languages) exist in spoken form, only some have written forms. To study language, linguists focus on two levels of description: pragmatics, the study of how context (both social and linguistic) affects language use, and grammar, the description of how humans form linguistic structures, from the level of sound up to the sentence.
Language is related with culture and social system of certain community who use the language. This case may allow the differentiation of diction between some areas with another. Beside that, the complex community, the
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different areas, social statues, level of education, and the different types of social interaction will produce the variation of language. One of those variations is slang.
Slang the non-standard language variety is seasonal, used by young people or a particular social group for internal communications that are not members of the group do not understand. While the idiom is a series of words whose meaning is not the same as the combined meanings of its constituent words .In this page slang language often used at this time, usually by young people. States that slang is the linguistics prerogative of young people and generally sounds odd in the mouth of an older people (Holmes 2001: 167).
Sociolinguistics is the study of language in relation to society. Sociolinguistics is also the study of effects of various all aspects to society, including cultural, norms and contexts on the language is used (Hudson 1980). People are belonging to the same social group-of the same trade, profession, hobby, age, or social position-tend to behave in the same way. This behavior influences not only the clothes they wear, but also the language they use. The language of a social group, particularly its slang, is one of the several forms of behavior that keeps the ground distinct from other groups. Language is a system of sound used by a group to communicate and carry on their normal activities.
Sosiolinguistics is the study of the relationship between language and society, (Janet Holmes (1992:1), but according to Dell Hymes (1974: vii) he stated that sosiolinguistics could be taken to refer to use of linguistic data and
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analysis in other discipline concerned with social life and conversely, to use of social data and analysis in linguistics.
Slang language is not an official language or it is informal language, although it is widely used for oral communication in many purposes, as many words quickly become outdated and obsolete because of trends. There is not formal classification in slang language, except perhaps that it is a subclass of the language.
There are many slang words used in song lyrics, especially lyrics song by Justin Bieber. Justin Drew Bieber is a Canadian singer, songwriter and actor. Bieber's current manager, Scooter Braun first discovered him through his YouTube videos in 2007. Braun was impressed with the videos, and contacted Bieber's mother Patricia Mallette about wanting to work with him. Having convinced Bieber's mother, Braun arranged for Bieber to meet with Usher in Atlanta, Georgia. Bieber was signed to RBMG, and then to an Island Records recording contract offered by record executive, L.A. Reid.
Bieber released his debut EP, My World, in November 2009. It was certified platinum in the United States. He became the first artist to have seven songs from a debut record to chart on the Billboard Hot 100. Bieber released his first full-length studio album, My World 2.0, in March 2010. It debuted at or near number one in several countries and was certified platinum in the United States. It was preceded by the single "Baby", which is also, as of July 2014, the YouTube video with the most dislikes, and the most views on a Vevo platform. He followed up the release of his debut album with his first
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headlining tour, the My World Tour, the remix albums My Worlds Acoustic and Never Say Never – The Remixes, and the 3D biopic-concert film Justin Bieber: Never Say Never. Bieber released his second studio album Under the Mistletoe in November 2011, when it debuted at number one on the Billboard 200. Bieber released his third studio album Believe in June 2012. It became his fourth chart topper in the United States, debuting at number-one on the Billboard 200.
Bieber has received numerous industry awards, including both Artist of the Year Awards, at the 2010 American Music Awards, and the 2012 American Music Awards, and was nominated for Best New Artist and Best Pop Vocal Album at the 53rd Grammy Awards. With a global fan base, termed as "Beliebers", and over 60 million followers on Twitter, Bieber was thrice named by Forbes magazine as one of the top ten most powerful celebrities in the world, ranking third in both 2011 and 2012, and ranking ninth in 2013.
In this study the writer will explain about slang Language, the data source of this analysis is some song lyrics by Justin bieber, as like song lyrics “Bigga and Eenie Meenie. Slang anguage is the liguistic prerogative of young people and generaly sound odd in he mounth of an older people, (Holmes, 2001: 167).
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1.2Statement of the problems
From the statement background above the writer will formulate the two research questions:
1. What slang words are used by Justin Bieber in his song lyrics? 2. What are the kinds of slang language used in Justin Bieber‟s lyrics?
1.3Object purpose
In this research the writer limits discusion by focusing on 1. To find out slang words are used by Justin Bieber lyrics. 2. To find the characteristic of slang used in Justin Bieber‟s lyrics
1.4Significant of the study
The writer hope the study meaningfully contribute to sociolinguistics theoretically and practically to increase the understanding of slang and its meaning. Beside that, to understand kind of slang language that used in song lyrics by Justin Bieber. This research hopefully has some benefit for all student, especially at English Department student. Also this research, the student are able to apply their knowledge and comprehend slang language in the appropriate daily conversation, especialy in informal situation.
1.5Scope and Limitations of the Research
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1. Subject
The subject of this study on lyric of song‟s By Justin Bieber. 2. Object
The object of this study is an analysis the use of slang Language and describe used in Justin Bieber song‟s lyrics.
1.6Definition of the Key Terms
In order to clarify the key terms used in this study, some definitions are put forward: Language: Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbol used for human comunication (Wardaugh. 1977:3).
Sociolinguistics is the branch of linguistic which studies the relationship between language and society, and it is also the study of the ways people use language in social interaction. There are interested in explaining why we speak differently in different social context, and they are concerned with identifying the social functions of language and the ways it is used to convey social meaning. (Janet Holmes 1992.1)
Slang Language: Slang is the non-standard language variety is seasonal, used by young people or a particular social group for internal communications that are not members of the group do not understand. While the idiom is a series of words whose meaning is not the same as the combined meanings of its constituent words. In this page slang language often used at this time, usually by young people.
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Language variety: Language are something flexible that can be change every time. Some facts about languages are that they are always changing over time, different between one another, and have a lot of varieties. The language variation exist because of the use of single language which is different within a single community, such as men do not speak like women, and older people do not speak like younger people. Trudgill in Mukhtar Abadi (1983:100) stated “Language, in other words, varies not only according to social characteristics of the speaker (such as his social class, ethnic group, age, and sex). The same speaker uses the different linguistics varieties in different situation and different purposes”.
Song Lyrics by Justin Bieber : Bieber released his debut EP, My World, in November 2009. It was certified platinum in the United States. He became the first artist to have seven songs from a debut record to chart on the Billboard Hot 100.[11] Bieber released his first full-length studio album, My World 2.0, in March 2010. It debuted at or near number one in several countries and was certified platinum in the United States. It was preceded by the single "Baby".
Justin Drew Bieber is a Canadian singer, songwriter and actor. Bieber's current manager, Scooter Braun first discovered him through his YouTube videos in 2007. Braun was impressed with the videos, and contacted Bieber's mother Patricia Mallette about wanting to work with him. Having convinced Bieber's mother, Braun arranged for Bieber to meet with Usher in Atlanta, Georgia. Bieber was signed to RBMG, and then to an Island Records recording contract offered by record executive, L.A. Reid.
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CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
In conducting the research, the writer explains the theory that coherent with the research problem. The writer uses the theory to be easily understanding about the problem in this analysis.
2.1 Sociolinguistic
Language cannot be separated from the society. It is because they have relation each other. In linguistics the relation between language and society called sociolinguistics. Janet Holmes (1992:1) he said that sociolinguistics is the study of relationship between language and society. It is supported by Trudgill (1974) argument who said that sociolinguistics is the part of linguistics which is connected with language as a social and cultural phenomenon. It is showed that language is not only the social phenomenon but also based on cultural phenomenon.
Sociolinguistics is the study of the effect of any and all aspects of society, including cultural norms, expectation, and context, on the way language is used. According to Chaika,(Mukhtar Abadi 2010:2) “sociolinguistics is the study of ways people use language in social interaction” while Trudgill (1983:32) defines sociolinguistics as the part of linguistics which is concerned with language as social cultural phenomena.
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According to Wardaugh, sociolinguistics investigates the relationships between language and society with the goal of a better understanding of the structure of language function. It means that in sociolinguistics people will learn about the way of social structures influences how people talk and how language varieties and pattern of use correlate with social attributes such as class, sex, and age.
2.2Language Variety
Some facts about languages are that they are always changing over time, different between one another, and have a lot of varieties. The language variation exist because of the use of single language which is different within a single community, such as men do not speak like women, and older people do not speak like younger people. Trudgill in Mukhtar Abadi (1983:100) stated “Language, in other words, varies not only according to social characteristics of the speaker (such as his social class, ethnic group, age, and sex). The same speaker uses the different linguistics varieties in different situation and different purposes”.
Varieties of language appear from different language when people speak with each other. Moreover, every people have characteristic in their language. people indicate their language as their speech style.
Language variety can occur within communication depend on the aspect of speaker. as the statement from Fishman in Muhammad Ismail (2014) says that
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from the aspect of speaker, language variety is divided in five parts: Dialect, Register, Jargon, Style, and Slang.
According to Hudson in Mukhtar Abadi (1980:24), variety of language is a set of linguistics item with similar social distribution. Ferguson defined language variation as any speech pattern that is sufficiently homogeneous to be analyzed by available techniques of synchronic description and which has a sufficiently large repertory of elements and their arrangement or process with broad enough semantic scope to function in all normal context of communication.
2.2.1 Dialect
Dialect is one variety of language. According to Trudgill in Mukhtar Abadi (1983:17). dialect is defined as the differences between kinds of language in vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation. “Dialect refers to all the differences between varieties of language, those in pronunciation, word usage, and syntax” (Chaika, 1982:132). On the level of vocabulary or word usage, for example, American English called the underground railway as “subway” while British English use the term “underground”. And “corn” which means “maize” in the U.S., Cannada, and Australia, “wheat” in England, and “oats” in Scotland. Even though dialects of the same language are different, it still has common point of features.
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2.2.2 Register
Different professional and different group may develop distinctive vocabularies. Ferguson in Wardhaugh, (2002:51) says that people participating in recurrent communication situations tend to develop similar vocabularies, similar features of intonation, and characteristic bits of syntax and phonology that they use in this situation.
Wardhaugh (2002:51) defines the term register as sets of language items related with discrete occupational or social group. By using register, people can express their identity at a specific time or place.
2.2.3 Jargon
Jargon is special or technical words used by a particular group or people. What “Jargon” then appears to mean is: it is technical, in-group language as seen by non-technical out-group members. One person‟s jargon seems to be another person‟s technical vocabulary.
Many jargon terms pass into standard language. Jargon, like slang, spreads from narrow group until it is used and understood by large segment of the population.
2.2.4 Style
People speak in different ways, formally or informally, according to the situation and the circumstances. Ceremonial occasions require very formal speech, public lectures somewhat less formal, casual conversation quite
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informal, and conversation between friends may be extremely informal and casual. Speech varies with the situation; different situation require different style of speech.
2.2.5 Slang
Slang is nonstandard use of word in a language of a part social group. Slang terms are often particular to a certain subculture, such as: musicians, skate boarders and drugs users. Another theory of slang by Menchen (1936: 481) slang is expressions that do not belong to Standard English. For example: “what‟s up?” is an example of term for asking about people or greeting a person.
2.2.5.1Definition of Slang
Slang is the new vocabularies that made by people in social community. it is a specific word, phrases, or utterances, which is commonly used by people in their community. Slang language refers to unconventional word, so it is not appropriate to be spoken in a formal situation, such us in the school, university, or in the office.
People speak differently in formal contexts and in formal contexts, especially when speaking informally, people often use slang: an informal but colorful words and expressions.
Slang is the non-standard language variety is seasonal, used by young people or a particular social group for internal communications that are not
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members of the group do not understand. According Chaer, language has a system and subsystem that is understood by all speakers of the language.(Mukhtar Abadi 2010: 61). While the idiom is a series of words whose meaning is not the same as the combined meanings of its constituent words. In this page slang language often used at this time, usually by young people.
Anderson and Trudgil in Muhammad Ismail (2014) wrote that actually, slang is not language or dialect, it can be said as a code that product by changing the existing language to the common one. Every language has a vocabulary, pronunciation, and grammar, whereas slang has not. It just has vocabulary which is not profanity and ungrammatical. Dialect refers to the different language caused by geographical area, whereas slang is not restricted to one region or country (p.24).
Slang is a variety of language that has some characteristics and general used by young people, and argot is a variety of language that usually used by thief or pickpocket community, so argot is a secret language.
Slang has process forming a word. As the statement from Yule (2006: 52-59), there are some ways of creating new words, there are Coinage, Compounding, Clipping, Blending, Borrowing, Back formation, Acronyms, Multiple processes, Affixes (Prefix, Infix, Suffix).
A. Borrowing
Borrowing is one of the word formation processes to create new words by taking from other language. English has adopted a huge number of loan words
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from other languages. The following are some example of borrowings from foreign languages:
Arabic: alcohol, arsenal, almanac. Latin: strata, data, focus.
Italy: pizza, spaghetti, corridor. France: machine, technique, attaché. Russian: rouble, tundra, sputnik. Persian: coffee, tulip, caravan B .Blending
Blending is another way of combining two words in order to generate a new word. It is typically accomplished by taking only the beginning of one word and joining it to the end of the word. For example
Brunch: breakfast + lunch Motel: motor + hotel Smog: smoke + fog
Infotainment: information + entertainment Gasohol: gasoline + alcohol
C .Clipping
Clipping refers to the shortening of the polysyllabic word into a shorter form which usually consists of one syllable only. For examples:
Exam: examination Math: mathematic Lab: laboratory
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Gym: gymnasium Varsity: university Flu: influenza D .Multiple Process
Multiple processes happen when some new words made through more than one word formation process. For example, it can be seen in the word “snowball” in the sentence “problem with the project have snowballed”. The word “snowball led” can be noted as “compounding‟ whereby “snow‟ (N) and “ball‟ (N) have been combined to form “snowballed‟. The using of “have‟ (present perfect tense) can identify it.
E. Affixes
Affixation is the process where free morphemes or roots are combined by the affixes to create new words. There are three kinds of affixes which can be attached to the word:
1) The affixes, which are put in front of the word, are called prefixes. For example: un-, mis-, pre-, which appear in the words like unhappy, misrepresent, prejudge.
2) The affixes, which are put in the end of the word, are called suffixes. For example: -ness, -ful, -less, -ism,-ish which appear in the words like sadness, joyful, careless, terrorism, and boyish.
3) The affixes which are put inside the word are called in fixes. For example: hallebloodylujah!
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F .Coinage
Coinage is the invention of totally new words, which are usually, invented in the names of company‟s product. In this case, the typical process of coinage usually adopts the brand names as common words. The examples are:
Aspirin: headache medicine Kleenex: tissue
Nylon: cloth Honda: motorcycle G .Compounding
Compounding is the process of combining two or more words together to form a new complex word.
For example: 1. Noun + noun
a) Couch potato: lazy person ( an, you are such a couch potato )
b) Bird class: easy class ( y classes are so hard this semester, except for literature –what a bird class that is!)
c) Jungle juice: juice mixed with alcohol (Don t drink that jungle juice, you ll be sick )
2. Noun + noun derived from verb by suffix –er
a) Mountain climber: a person high induced by drugs. b) Tree hugger: an environmentalist.
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a) Breakneck: rapid, dangerous (It was such a breakneck situation that I was so frightened!)
b) Take sides: to feel strongly about one side of the argument and act on that feeling (I don t want to take sides in this argument; you have to work it out yourselves!)
4. adjective + noun
a) Big time: to a superlative degree , bloody paper red marked paper (I got my test from teacher, it was completely bloody!),
b) Big mouth: person who talks too much ( y friend is such a big mouth! I told him my secret and he told everyone he knows.)
c) Low-key: quiet night of friend (I spent a low-key night with my friend. We played the cards.)
d) Old school: retro (He wears an old school jacket.) H .Back Formation
Back formation is the process of forming a word in the different part of speech. Typically, a word of one type (usually a Noun) is reduced to form another word of a different type (usually a verb). Back formation is the process by which new words are formed by the deletion of a supposed affix from already existing word for instance:
Edit: editor Donate: donation Emote: emotion Babysit: babysitter
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Enthuse: enthusiasm I .Acronym
Acronym are formed by taking the initial sounds (or letters) of the words of phrase and uniting them into a combination. Some examples of taking the initial sounds are:
a) ASAP (As Soon As Possible).
b) PIN(Personal Identification Number).
Meanwhile, some examples of taking initial letters are: a) NBA (National Basketball Association).
b) ATM (Automatic Teller Machine).
Some words also pronounced as new word such as: a) RADAR (radio detecting and ranging)
Anderson and Trudgill in Mochtar Abadi (1983) in Bad Language mention the typical of slang, some of them are:
a. Slang is typical of informal situation
The formality of language is tied to the situation: in formal situation people expect formal language and in formal situation they expect informal language. Slang will be the last choice for anyone attempting to use language for formal, persuasive or business purposes since they will be considered as a rude people. More slang words will be found in the conversation between friends if compared with the conversation between employer and employee.
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b. Slang is typical of spoken language
Since the situation in which we write are more formal than the situations in which we talk, as stated above that slang is typical of formal situation, automatically slang belong to typical of spoken language. The example is like when go and watch soccer, they will hear a lot of slang from the crowd but the next morning when people read about the match in the newspaper, there will be far less slang in the paper‟s coverage of the game.
c. Slang is found in words, not in grammar
Every language contains vocabulary and grammar. Since there is not grammar of slang, slang cannot be considered as language. That is way, when people talk about slang it is referred to words not grammar or pronunciation.
d. Slang is not swearing
Swearing is type of language use in which the expression refers to something that taboo in cultural and usually express strong emotions and attitudes. That is definitely different with slang. Even though slang terms may contain some taboo words, but it is used for fun and the important thing is that slang words used without emotion.
e. Slang is not register
Register is a specialized vocabulary owned by specific occupation and activity. Registers are different with slang, but may contain
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slang, as long as the specialized vocabulary is informal. In the medicine terms, for example, when a patient leaves a tissue sample of examination, the doctor may say that they are sending some meat to the laboratory. These words are learned and used in practice and none of those words are written in the books of medicine. Most of register associated with unofficial, or illegal activities may consist a lot of slang. Like the narcotic business, industries that involve very many people and lies on the fringes often find its way out of this register and into general slang vocabulary. Words such as high, stoned, freaked out, turned on, which related to the effects of drug abuse, shifted their way into slang words.
f. Slang is not cant, argot or jargon
For the first time, the term slang was used by British criminal to refer to their own special language. Cant, a private language of the underworld (criminal) which still used as a term for language of criminals. Thus, slang has moved a long way from its origin. Argot is a name for the language criminals which origin is French and has been used for several centuries with this meaning. Jargon refers to special or technical words used by particular group of people. g. Slang is creative
Creativity took an important part in the invention of many slang words. The point of slang words is often to be starling, amusing or
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shocking. Slang expressions- for example, the apple of one’s eye (one favorite), square heads (stupid person), for the first time they are used they are truly creative. Those words attract other people‟s attention but when it is used over and over again, its freshness is lost and it turns into rather ordinary lexical items. This then creates a need for few expression and new expression and new metaphors. Since slang is another way to express either something new or something old in a new way, there is constant desire to create new and dramatic expression. Slang words changed continually, it is very unusual for slang words to live on the language for thousand years. By those reasons, creativity is very important in the development of slang words.
h. Slang is short-lived
As stated before that is unusual for slang words to stay on the language for thousand years. Most of slang words are accepted into neutral style or else die out rather quickly. Many slang words, such as phone, bike, bus, pub, etc, have become standard or neutral language. There are also many slang words which have been lost.
Slang changes through time. What is slang for one person, generation or situation may not be slang for another. This change is directly connected with the creativity of slang. The enormous number of new slang words may trigger the replacement of the old ones.
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The writer hopefully give some benefit for all student, especially at English Department student. Also this research, the student are able to apply their knowledge and comprehend slang language in the appropriate daily conversation, especialy in informal situation.
To determine the development of slang language, not only from the dictionary we know about slang language, but also slang language can learn from community and lyrics song. For the example, the writer chose lyric songs by Justin Bieber. Because in his lyrics there are many slang language can be found. We can learn about slang language from her lyrics, because there are many kind slang language for your knowledge.
2.3 Previous Study
This research is not the only one that analyzed in slang terms. There are some previous researches that concern in this topic, they are Afifah Rahmawati (2012) her study is entitle “Word Formation Processes on Slang Words Used by Transsexual” it is study Language as a universal thing that is used in communication has a lot of different varieties. Some of them are pidgin, creole, slang, dialect, etc. In this research, the writer focusses on slang to be analized, especially in its word formation processes. It is since a good research is a research that focusses in one specific problem.
The second previous study from uktar Abadi (2010) his entitle “Analysis on the Use of Slang on Eminem‟s Lyrics”. He student from UIN aliki Ibrahim
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Malang. It is study theoretically, the study can learn more about language, especially concerning slang not only in lyrics but also in other forms.
The third previous study, with the title “An Analysis of Slang Used by Alexander Eglek‟s Community in Surabaya” her analysis focusing in forms and characteristic of slang language are used by Alexander Eglek‟s Community. He is student from UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya. The writer also use descriptive qualitative method to analyze the data.
In a previous study also describes the same slang with my thesis research, but the object and the theory is not the same as the previous study listed above. I just compare my thesis with another thesis that I have ever read as a comparison.
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CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1Research Design
The data analyzed in this study are the slang findings in Justin Bieber song lyrics, so the main source of the data is Justin Bieber song lyrics. The design of this study was descriptive qualitative research because of this study describe the characteristics of Justin Bieber song‟s lyric.
The design describes the procedures for conducting the study, including when, from whom, and under what condition the data will be obtained. In other words, design indicates how the research is done. What happens to the object and what procedure of data collection are used. The purpose of a research design is to provide the most valid, accurate answer possible to research question.
3.2Subjects/ Participants population and Sample
The subject of this research in the Justin Bieber song‟s Lyrics. It research in Slang language used in Justin Bieber song lyrics. Furthermore, the writer chose of Slang language in Justin Bieber song Lyrics because very interesting to analyzed.
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3.3Data
Data is word form from lyrics song are used by Justin Bieber, which has been observed by researcher to identify the item of slang word that used. The researcher browsing the lyrics song by Justin Bieber from internet and print out the data.
3.4Data Collection
Data collection is important to determine the result of the study. In this study the procedure used in the data collection are: (1) reading and comprehending the lyrics; (2) identifying the slang words used in the lyrics; (3) Marking the slang words found in the lyrics; (4) finding and classify the meaning of the slang words.
3.5Data Analysis
After collecting data, the writer will make document, the writer will interpret the result of the analyzing to make the conclusion.
In short, the steps in analyzing data are:
1. The researcher describe the slang words that used in Justin Bieber lyrics. 2. The researcher concludes the analysis with the research.
Of several analyzes that have been presented, it appears that the use of slang words are intended for different purposes, whether it is in accordance
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with the principles and maxims, as well as aberrant or violate the principles and maxims.
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CHAPTER IV
FINDING AND DISCUSSION
In this chapter, the writer present the result of the data analysis explained in chapter 3. The data taken in this research are lyrics song by Justin Bieber. The analysis of the song lyrics based on the problems in chapter 1.
4.1 Finding
There are many ways to express the feelings; one of them is through the music. In the song Lyrics by Justin Bieber there are many slang words are used and in the lyrics has characteristic of slang words that make. The writer analyzes the data from collecting some song lyrics by Justin Bieber in internet. After analyzing the data, the writer found many slang English slang words used in Justin Bieber song lyrics such as Bigga, Coz, em, wanna, gotta, and so on.
Slang words are one part of language varieties, usually used in Justin Bieber song lyrics. over time, many slang word have been analyzed from the lyrics because of unique grammar and sound.
4.1.1 Slang words mostly used by Justin Bieber in his song lyrics.
Slang words are one part of language varieties which is usually used in song lyrics, member of group and in daily conversation. In the researcher, the writer used song lyrics are used by Justin Bieber, because the writer found some slang word in the lyrics.
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As the example of some the data are from lyrics that taken.
Table 1: The data of slang words that are used in song lyrics by Justin Bieber.
No Slang Word Sentence
1 Doin Baby what you doin', where you at, where you at?
2 Actin Why you actin' so shy? Holdin' back,
holdin' back
3 Holdin Why you actin' so shy? Holdin' back,
holdin' back
4 Cuz 'Cuz all around the world, people want to be loved (yeah)
5 DJ So DJ bring that, bring that, bring that, bring that back
6 Ain‟t It's another, if it ain't one thing
7 Wanna Wanna be, wanna be just like talk like, you
8 „em Don't let 'em change your mood
9 Oughtta Wanna be, wanna be everything I oughtta be to you to you, to you
10 Phone Waiting your phone to call sometime soon
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12 Gonna You ain't gonna find it dancing with him No
Oh
13 Ya I adore ya
14 Cause Cause you were Romeo, I was the scarlet letter
15 Walkin Walkin around with a little attitude?
16 You‟d I thought you'd always be mine (mine)
17 Gotta But you gotta listen
18 Backpack Stay in m y backpack forever
19 Gunna Everything's Gunna Be Alrigh... t
20 Imma Imma make you shine bright like you're
laying in the snow
21 Chillin Chillin' by the fire while we eatin' fondue 22 Buzz I could be your Buzz Light year fl y across
the globe
23 Tryna Yeah, they tryna get at me, yeah
24 Gon‟ How you gon' play me? How you gon' break me?
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4.1.2 The kinds of word formation of slang that used in Justin Bieber lyrics.
Table 2: Tables of word formation of slang
Table of word formation of slang proccess Borrowing (0) Clipping (10) Blending (9) Multiple process (0) Affixes (0) Coinage (3) Compoun ding (0) Back formation (0) Acronym (1)
- Phone Oughtta - - Babe - - DJ
Cuz Gonna Backpacker
Cause You‟d Buzz
„em Gotta Ya
Doin Gunna Actin Imma Holdin Tryna Walkin Gon‟
Chillin Ain‟t
Slang has some characteristic and forming a word. In the study, the writer finds three characteristic of slang word that used in Justin Bieber song lyrics. Therefore, the writer concern in three forms of slang. They are Blending, Clipping, coinage and acronym.
Blending
Blending is one of slang formation process that created by two words. Typically, the beginning of word is joined to the end of the other word. The blending forming process is also used in Justin Bieber songs lyric slang word.
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As the example of slang word blending forming in Justin Bieber song lyric as the word ‘Wanna’ is combining from English word ‘want’ and ‘to’. The example blending in the lyric.
1. Oughtta: This word combining from „ought‟ and „ta‟ become the word „ought to‟.
2. Gonna: this word combining from „gon‟ and „na‟ become the word „gonna‟.
3. You‟d: This word combining from word „you‟ and „d‟ become the word „gonna‟.
4. Gotta: This word combining from word „got‟ and „ta‟ become the new word „gotta‟.
5. Gunna: This word same meaning from „gonna.
6. Imma: This word combining from „im‟ an „ma‟, become new word „imma‟.
7. Tryna: this word combining from „try‟ and „na‟, become new word tryna.
8. Gon‟: the same meaning with „gonna‟ but this word shortening.
9. Ain‟t: this word combining from „ant‟ and „t‟, become new word „ain‟t‟.
Clipping
Clipping is one of slang word formation which is formed by shortening the word. Clipping may occur in front or back part of a word. Besides, in clipping
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process, it may be replaced with certain new spelling. From the data, the writer fined some slang word that used in clipping process. The example of clipping in Justin Bieber song lyrics are
Cause you know that I can keep them
Babe how can't you see that I'm yours (I'm yours babe)
The word Cause is a English slang word, It is from word „cause’. The word cause is cutting a spelling „be‟. Another example word are
1. Phone: This word shortening from „telephone‟. 2. Cuz: This word shortening from „because‟.
3. Cause: This words same with shortening same with „cuz‟ but longer.
4. „em: This word shortening from „them‟ 5. DJ: The initial latter from „Disk jockey‟
6. Doin‟: The word shortening from „Doing‟, but this word just cutting from spelling „g‟.
7. Actin: The word shortening from „acting‟, but this word just cutting from spelling „g‟.
8. Holdin: The word shortening from „holdin‟, but this word just cutting from spelling „g‟.
9. Walkin: The word was shortening from „walking‟, but this word just cutting from spelling „g‟.
10.Chillin: The word was shortening from „chilling‟, but this word just cutting from spelling „g‟.
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Coinage
Coinage is the invention of totally new words, the typical process of coinage usually adopts the brand names as common words.
1. Backpacker: The word backpacker refers to shoulder. 2. Buzz: The world buzz refers to gossip
3. Ya: the word ya has the meaning you 4. Babe: the word babe refers to baby
Acronym
Acronym are formed by taking the initial sounds (or letters) of the words of phrase and uniting them into a combination. Some examples in the song lyrics by Justin Bieber is.
DJ: Disc Jockey
The Analysis of Data found and the Meaning of Slang
In this part the discussion the writer wants to analyze more detail about the slang found in the movie. There are three kinds of analysis; the Sociolinguistics aspect the slang based on Holmes‟ theory, word formation based on Yule‟s theory.
1. Doin
You're beautiful, beautiful, you should know it I think it's time, think it's time that you show it You're beautiful, beautiful
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(See more on appendix)
The speaker of the word doin’ is boy. The boy talks with his girlfriend. In this l yric the boy persuades his girlfriend because the girl is very beautiful. The word Doin’ called clipping because this word shortening from originall y word Doing.
2. Actin‟
Baby what you doin', where you at, where you at? Why you actin' so shy? Holdin' back, holdin' back We're not the onl y ones doin' it like that, it like that So dj bring that, bring that, bring that, bring that back
(See more on appendix)
The speaker of the word actin’ is boy. The boy talks with his girlfriend in the cocktail lounge. He make the girl confident if that all will be okay, because not onl y the girl doing like tha t.
The meaning of the word actin‟ is acting. The word actin’ called clipping because it is the reduction of the word acting.
3. Cuz
'Cuz all around the world, people want to be loved (yeah) 'Cuz all around the world, they're no different than us (no) All around the world, people want to be loved
All around the world, they're no different than us (See more on appendix)
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The speaker of the word ‘cuz he is a boy. He talks with his girlfriend, the setting conversation above in the cocktail lounge.
The word ‘cuz called cipping, because it is the reduction of the word cause or because which have more than one syllable into a shorter form and have onl y one syllable.
4. DJ
Baby what you doin', where you at, where you at? Why you actin' so shy? Holdin' back, holdin' b ack We're not the onl y ones doin' it like that, it like that So DJ bring that, bring that, bring that, bring that back (See more on appendix)
The word DJ in this lyrics called acronym, because formed by taking the initial sounds (or letters) of the words of phrase and uniting them into a combination. The word DJ is shortening from Disk Jockey. The lyrics above is conversation between boy and girl in the cocktail lounge.
5. Ain‟t
It's another, if it ain't one thing
Instigators, like putting fire on propane The wrong thing, they be worrying about Ooh you know females
And how they like to run they mouths
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The speaker of the word ain’t is a boy. He talks with his best friend. In the l yric above, they talks about women. The word ain’t called blending in word formation slang process, because the word ain’t called blending because it combining the word is + not and it produce a new single term. This word include slang word because there is no word ain’t in the English dictionary.
6. Wanna
No I ain't all bad
Between us, they wanna come in
Worst enem y, so they try to be your best friend Perfect - ain't saying that I am
(See more on appendix)
The speaker of the word wanna is a boy, in the lyrics above is conversation between the boy and his enemy. The boy say s to the enem y and ask the enemy try to be his best friend.
The word wanna called blending because it combining the word want + to and it produce a new single term. T he word wanna short to want to and there no word wanna in the English dictionary.
7. „em
Don't let 'em change your mood
They try to get at me, they try to get at me
Behind your back, your back, your back, your back They try to tell me that I'm just like the others
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(See more on appendix)
The word ‘em in the lyrics above used by person in informal situation. They use it because he talks with his friend in informal situation. The word ‘em means them and include clipping in the word formation of slang process.
8. Oughtta
Wanna be, wanna be everything I oughtta be to you to you, to you Envy, envy
Same thing as jealousy Jealous of you
(See more on appendix)
In the lyrics above used in the informal situation, and the speaker between friend and the enemy. The word oughtta called blending because it combining the word from ought + to and it produce a new single term. This word include slang word because there is no word oughtta in the English dictionary.
9. Phone
You think I'm biased
Too much I never get other You hit it right on the head Only been missing my lover
Got a whole lot of texts in my phone and I don't repl y But the next day bothers you, I
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The speaker of this word phone are boy to his girlfriend. The boy always looks at his pho ne and waiting the text from his girlfriend. He uses slang word when in the informal situation. The word phone called clipping because shortening from originally word telephone.
10. Babe
You know it babe
I could open up your door like a gentleman If you open up your heart and just let me in
Tell me what you need girl I will never disappoint you (See more on appendix)
The speaker of the word babe is boy. He talks with girl and hopes the girl open her heart to be his girlfriend. In the lyric above, boy persuade the girl with promise and never disappointed. The word babe called coinage because invention of totally new words, and adopt from another word.
11. Gonna
And if you ride with me I can show you babe And nobody gonna know you like I know you babe We can fly away, fly, fly away
I adore ya (I adore ya) (See more on appendix)
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In the lyrics above, word gonna use in informal situation. The word gonna have the meaning going to. This word called blending because it combining the word from going + to and it produce a new single term. This word include slang word because there is no word gonna in the English dictionary.
12.Ya
Show you off, tonight I wanna show you off What you got, a billion could've never bought We gonna part y like it's 3012 tonight
I wanna show you all the finer things in life So just forget about the world, be young tonight I'm coming for ya, I'm coming for ya
(See more on appendix)
The word ‘ya in l yrics above use in informal situation. Setting in the l yrics above in the part y and will make never forget with this part y. The word ya from originall y word you, called coinage because invention of totally new words, and adopt from another country.
13.Cause
Cause all I need is a beaut y and a beat Who can make m y life complete
It's all by you, when the music makes you move Baby do it like you do
(See more on appendix)
The speaker of the word cause is a boy, he need beaut y and hope someone make his life complete. The setting of the lyrics
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above in the part y. Music in the part y make he fell enjoy and make move. The word cause called clipping because shortening from originall y word because.
14.Walkin‟
Walkin around with a little attitude Short black skirt, the leather jacket too How could I ever be mad at you? When I know (oh, oh)
(See more on appendix)
The word walkin’ in the lyrics above means walking. There is someone ask to the person to walk with a little attitude. The function of slang word is want to make enjoy the situation. The word walkin’ called clipping because it is the reduction of the word walking.
15.You‟d
Baby, baby, baby ohh
I thought you'd always be mine (mine) In m y head, I see you all over me In m y head, you fulfill my fantasy
(See more on appendix)
The word you’d used by boy to persuade the girlfriend and ask always to be mine forever. According the boy, his girlfriend is very perfect because she always fulfill his fantasy. The use of slang word above is the words usually
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used by young people to persuade. The word you’d means you would, called blending because it combining the word from you + would and it produce a new single term.
16.Gotta
You don't know what they're like If they know that you're alive
They're gonna try to take away the secrets of your planet's life I know you must be upset, you lost your family in a wreck But you gotta listen
(See more on appendix)
In the l yrics above word gotta use in informal situation. The lyrics says about believe with his self. His friend not believe and he gotta to listen. The word gotta called blending because it combining the word from going + to would and it produce a new single term.
17.Backpack
Don't try to find your spaceship It might be out there waiting Stay in m y backpack forever Stay in m y backpack forever
(You know I gotta find my spaceship, m y planet's outside there waiting, I can't stay in your backpack forever)
Before you came around I was in a rut
Didn't have a friend, didn't know what it was You taught how to dream and how to love You're my best friend please listen to me
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The word backpack in the lyrics above used by someone to give spirit to his best friend and ask to always stay in his live, because he didn‟t have friend are always teach how to dream and how to love. The word backpack has the meaning life or responsibility. called coinage because invention of totally new words, and adopt from another word.
18.Imma
If I was your boyfriend, never let you go
Keep you on m y arm girl, you'd never be alone I can be a gentleman, anything you want
If I was your boyfriend, I'd never le t you go, I'd n ever let you go Tell me what you like yeah tell me what you don't
I could be your Buzz Light year fl y across the globe I don't ever wanna fight yeah, you already know
Imma make you shine bright like you're laying in the snow (See more on appendix)
The word imma used by boy to persuade the girl, she broken heart because her boyfriend leave her alone, and the boy try to persuade with beautifully words. The word imma has the meaning I‟m going to. Called blending because it combining the word from I’m + going + to and it produce a new single term.
19.Buzz
Tell me what you like yeah tell me what you don't I could be your Buzz Light year fl y across the globe
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I don't ever wanna fight yeah, you already know
Imma make you shine bright like you're laying in the snow
(See more on appendix)
The word buzz called coinage because invention of totally new words, and adopt from another word like gossip, wind etc. the word buzz has the meaning blowing a rumor. This word in the lyrics above usually used by boy to persuade the girl.
20.Tryna
I guess they want a reaction, But I ain't gonna give it to em' Yeah, they tryna get at me, yeah But I ain't gonna feed in to it
Oh they be persistent, tryna break me down Oh I can not be broken,
I cannot be broken Oh I cannot be broken
(See more on appendix)
The word tryna has the meaning try to. Called blending because it combining the word from try + to and it produce a new single term. The
speaker of the word tryna fell if the friend make break down and they didn‟t can make boken.
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4.2 Discussion
In this section discusses finding of data analysis. Based on the result of the data about slang language in Justin Bieber songs lyric. In the study the writer finds some slang word are used in Justin Bieber songs lyric. Slang word can make category part of speech. The category part of speech includes pronoun, verb, noun, adverb, adjective, and particle.
The writer found some slang word in Justin Bieber songs lyric, after that marking the slang word was found in the lyrics and finding and classify the meaning of the slang word that found in the lyric are used by Justin Bieber. After collecting slang word in lyrics, the writer looking the characteristic of slang word are related with slang word was found in lyrics. The characteristic was found is blending, clipping, and transformation form.
From the analysis, the researcher compares the study with other studies. The writer compares this study with research that similar of the study but different object. There are Muhammad Ismail (2014), Mochtar Abadi (2010), Afifah Rahmawati (2012) and Annisa Rosita Dewi (2012). They used slang theory in the studies, but different object and data sources. In Mochtar Abadi, he analyzed use the Eminem‟s lyric as the object. He said Slang began to creep into English literature although many writers and schools were fiercely against it, saying that it was vulgar, corrupted, uncultured, secret and false, the dialect of the rabble, of beggars, of gypsies and of thieves.. In Muhammad Ismail, use Alexander Eglek‟s Community in Surabaya as the object analysis. He use slang because make the announcers relax. The fact, slang was used to
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be privacy by derivate community as social interaction between the members community.
From the comparative above, the differences with Muhammad Ismail and Afifah Rahmawati study analyze phenomena slang words that uses in particular group or community. In Mochtar Abadi, the analyze same with this analysis, but different object, data sources and characteristic of slang word.
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CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
In this chapter will be present the conclusion and suggestion for the study. That is related to the research finding.
5.1 Conclusion
After the analyzing, the writer makes the conclusion from this research. The writer wants describe slang word are used by Justin Bieber song‟s lyrics and characteristic of slang word.
Slang is in the informal words used by a particular social group and each has the positive and negative meaning, and the meaning depends on the user. However, the meanings of slang language used in Justin Bieber song lyrics are varieties. Such as Backpacker means shoulder, Gotta means going to, c,mon means come on, cause means because, etc.
The characteristic of slang word used in Justin Bieber song lyrics is. a. Blending.
Is one of slang words formation process that created by two words. Typically, the beginning of the word is joined to the end of the other word. For example is tryna means try to, gotta means going to.
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It refers to shortening, cutting, or reducing long words. Clipping may occur in front or back part of a word. Besides, in clipping process, it may be replaced with certain new spelling. There are as examples for clipping.
For example Phone This word shortening from telephone, DJ shortening from Disk Jockey.
c. Coinage
Coinage is the invention of totally new words, the typical process of coinage usually adopts the brand names as common words. The example in lyrics by Justin Bieber is Backpacker: The word backpacker refers to shoulder
d. Acronym
Acronym are formed by taking the initial sounds (or letters) of the words of phrase and uniting them into a combination. Some examples in the song lyrics by Justin Bieber is.
DJ: Disc Jockey
Every slang word that have own meaning. The slang words is the formality of language is tied to the situation, most of the slang words are used in informal situation, so the rapper often uses informal language. Every language contains vocabulary and grammar, but sometimes there is not grammar in words structures, it cannot be considered as grammatical language.
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5.2 Suggestion.
There are many slang word can be analyzed by another researcher, such as slang word that find in novel, conversation every day, and are use in community. The writer suggests other researchers to conduct other researches about this topic in different aspect such as to compare the usage between English and American in using the slang language. The writer hopes this study give benefit to the other researcher, especially to student in English department faculty of letters and humanities state Islamic university of Islamic Sunan Ampel Surabaya.
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REFRENCE
Abadi, M. 2010. Analysis On the Use of Slang on Eminem’s Lyrics. Malang: University of Mulana Malik Ibrahim.
Ayto, J. 1998. The Oxford Dictionary of Slang. New York: Oxford University Press.
Chaer, A and Leonie A. 1995. Sociolinguistic Perkenalan Awal. Jakarta: Rineka cipta.
Fidiyanti, M. 2013. What is Slang? [PDF Document]
Holmes, J. 1992. An introduction to sociolinguistics. New York: Logman Group UK Limited.
Holmes, J. 1995. An introduction to sociolinguistics. London: Logman Press. Hymes, D. 1989. Foundation in Sociolinguistic an ethnographic approach.
University of Penssylvania: Philadelphia.
Ismail, M. 2014. An Analysis of Slang Used by Alexander Eglek’s Community Surabaya. Surabaya: University of Sunan Ampel.
Littosseliti, L. 2010. Research Method in Linguistic. Reprinted 2011 (twice) Oxford. 2000. Oxford Learner’s Dictionary. New York: Oxford University Press. Trudgil, P, Natalie and Ester. 2006. The Handbook of Language Variation and
Change. USA: Blackwell Published.
Wardaught, R. 1986. An Introduction to Sociolinguistic. New York: Basil Blackwell
Wardaught, R. 2006. An Introduction to Sociolinguistic. USA: Blackwell Publishing.
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50
Yule, G. 2006. The Study of Language. New York: Cambridge University Press. Yule, G. 2010. The Study of Language. UK: Cambridge University Press.
(1)
45
be privacy by derivate community as social interaction between the members
community.
From the comparative above, the differences with Muhammad Ismail and
Afifah Rahmawati study analyze phenomena slang words that uses in
particular group or community. In Mochtar Abadi, the analyze same with this
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CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
In this chapter will be present the conclusion and suggestion for the study.
That is related to the research finding.
5.1 Conclusion
After the analyzing, the writer makes the conclusion from this research.
The writer wants describe slang word are used by Justin Bieber song‟s lyrics
and characteristic of slang word.
Slang is in the informal words used by a particular social group and each
has the positive and negative meaning, and the meaning depends on the user.
However, the meanings of slang language used in Justin Bieber song lyrics are
varieties. Such as Backpacker means shoulder, Gotta means going to, c,mon
means come on, cause means because, etc.
The characteristic of slang word used in Justin Bieber song lyrics is.
a. Blending.
Is one of slang words formation process that created by two words.
Typically, the beginning of the word is joined to the end of the other
word. For example is tryna means try to, gotta means going to.
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It refers to shortening, cutting, or reducing long words. Clipping may
occur in front or back part of a word. Besides, in clipping process, it
may be replaced with certain new spelling. There are as examples for
clipping.
For example Phone This word shortening from telephone, DJ
shortening from Disk Jockey.
c. Coinage
Coinage is the invention of totally new words, the typical process of
coinage usually adopts the brand names as common words. The
example in lyrics by Justin Bieber is Backpacker: The word
backpacker refers to shoulder
d. Acronym
Acronym are formed by taking the initial sounds (or letters) of the
words of phrase and uniting them into a combination. Some examples
in the song lyrics by Justin Bieber is.
DJ: Disc Jockey
Every slang word that have own meaning. The slang words is the
formality of language is tied to the situation, most of the slang words are used
in informal situation, so the rapper often uses informal language. Every
language contains vocabulary and grammar, but sometimes there is not
grammar in words structures, it cannot be considered as grammatical
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5.2 Suggestion.
There are many slang word can be analyzed by another researcher, such as
slang word that find in novel, conversation every day, and are use in
community. The writer suggests other researchers to conduct other researches
about this topic in different aspect such as to compare the usage between
English and American in using the slang language. The writer hopes this study
give benefit to the other researcher, especially to student in English
department faculty of letters and humanities state Islamic university of Islamic
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REFRENCE
Abadi, M. 2010. Analysis On the Use of Slang on Eminem’s Lyrics. Malang:
University of Mulana Malik Ibrahim.
Ayto, J. 1998. The Oxford Dictionary of Slang. New York: Oxford University
Press.
Chaer, A and Leonie A. 1995. Sociolinguistic Perkenalan Awal. Jakarta: Rineka
cipta.
Fidiyanti, M. 2013. What is Slang? [PDF Document]
Holmes, J. 1992. An introduction to sociolinguistics. New York: Logman Group
UK Limited.
Holmes, J. 1995. An introduction to sociolinguistics. London: Logman Press.
Hymes, D. 1989. Foundation in Sociolinguistic an ethnographic approach.
University of Penssylvania: Philadelphia.
Ismail, M. 2014. An Analysis of Slang Used by Alexander Eglek’s Community
Surabaya. Surabaya: University of Sunan Ampel.
Littosseliti, L. 2010. Research Method in Linguistic. Reprinted 2011 (twice)
Oxford. 2000. Oxford Learner’s Dictionary. New York: Oxford University Press.
Trudgil, P, Natalie and Ester. 2006. The Handbook of Language Variation and
Change. USA: Blackwell Published.
Wardaught, R. 1986. An Introduction to Sociolinguistic. New York: Basil
Blackwell
Wardaught, R. 2006. An Introduction to Sociolinguistic. USA: Blackwell
Publishing.
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Yule, G. 2006. The Study of Language. New York: Cambridge University Press.