t bing 0604416 table of content
LIST OF CONTENTS
APPROVAL PAGE………………………………………………………..........
DECLARATION………………………………………………………………..
ABSTRACT……………………………………………………………………..
PREFACE………………………………………………………………..............
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS……………………………………………………….
LIST OF CONTENTS…………………………………………………………...
LIST OF TABLES……………………………………………………………….
LIST OF FIGURES ……………………………..................................................
LIST OF APPENDICES…………………………………………………………
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CHAPTER ONE: THE INTRODUCTION……………………………………..
1.1 Introductory Remarks………………………………………………………..
1.2 Background of the Study…………………………………………………….
1.3 Research Questions ………………………………….. …………………….
1.4 Clarification of the Terms……………………………………………...........
1.5 Purposes of the Study………………………………………………….. ……
1.6 Significance of the Study………………………………………………. ……
1.7 General Approach and Methodology of the Study…………………….. ……
1.8 Concluding Remarks…………………………………………………………
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CHAPTER TWO: THE LITERATURE REVIEW………………………...........
2.1 Introductory Remarks………………………………………………….. ……
2.2 Teaching Writing………………………………………………………….....
2.3 The Roles of Teacher in Teaching Writing……………………………..……
2.4 The Nature and Essential Problems in English as Foreign Language (EFL)
Writing………………………………………………………………………
2.4.1 Getting Started……………………………………………………….. ……
2.4.2 Writing Anxiety and Writer’s block…………………………………. ……
2.4.3 Building Self-Confidence……………………………………………. ……
2.4.4 Building the Writing Habits………………………………………….. ……
2.5 A Genre-Based–An Approach Needed in Teaching Narrative Texts…......
2.5.1 The Model of Genre-Based Approach……………………………………..
2.6 Narrative Texts……………………………………………………………….
2.6.1 The Types of Narrative Texts………………………………………………
2.6.2 The Characteristics of Narrative Texts……………………………….........
2.6.3 The Schematic Structures and Language Features of Narrative Texts.........
2.6.4 The Importance of Writing Narrative Texts……………………………….
2.6.5 The Different of Narratives with Recounts………..……………………….
2.7. Journal Writing–A Technique Needed in Teaching Narrative Texts………
2.7.1 The Types of Journal………………………………………………………
2.7.2 The Benefits of Writing Narrative Texts through Journal Writing………...
2.7.2.1 Developing Students’ Writing Skill……………………………………..
2.7.2.2 Freedom of Expression……………………………………………..........
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2.7.2.3 The Value of Self-reflection and Assessment……………………………
2.7.3 The Stages of Teaching and Learning Narrative Texts through
Journal ……………………………………………………………………
2.7.3.1 Starting Out ………………………………………………………........
2.7.3.2 Keeping Going …………………………………………………………
2.8 Related Research Findings…………………………………………………..
2.9 Concluding Remarks…………………………………………………………
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CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY…………………………
3.1 Introductory Remarks…………………………………………………..........
3.2 Research Methodology………………………………………………………
3.3 Research Design………………………………………………………..........
3.4 Research Site and Participants……………………………………………….
3.5 Data Collection Methods, Instruments and Researcher’s Roles …………….
3.5.1 Data Collection and Instruments…………………………………………..
3.5.1.1 Observation………………………………………………………………
3.5.1.2 Interview…………………………………………………………………
3.5.1.3 Questionnaire…………………………………………………………….
3.5.1.4 Documentations Analysis………………………………………………..
3.5.2 Researcher’s Role…………………………………………………….........
3.6 Data Analysis Method…………………………………………………..........
3.7 Systemic Functional Linguistic (SFL) as Texts Analysis Devices..…………
3.7.1 Theme and Rheme…………………………………………………………
3.7.2 Transitivity…………………………………………………………………
3.7.2.1 Process and Participants………………………………….. …………….
3.7.2.1.1 Material Process: Process of Doing……………………………………
3.7.2.1.2 Verbal and Mental Process……………………………………….........
3.7.3 Conjunctions………………………………………………………….........
3.7.4 Modality……………………………………………………………………
3.8 Establishing the Trustworthiness……………………………………….........
3.8.1 Triangulation…………………………………………………………........
3.8.2 Persistent Observation……………………………………………………..
3.8.3 Thick Description…………………………………………………….........
3.8.4 Member Checking………………………………………………………….
3.9 Concluding Remarks………………………………………………………....
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CHAPTER FOUR: DATA ANALYSIS, FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION…
4.1 Introductory Remarks……………………………………………………….
4.2 Data from Observation: The Kinds of Activity that Take Place in
the Process of Teaching and Learning Narrative Texts through journal…….
4.3 Data from Questionnaire………………………………………………..........
4.3.1 The Students’ Opinions about the Activity of Teaching and Learning
Narrative Texts through Journal……………………………......................
4.3.2 The Obstacles that the Students Encounter in Writing Narrative
Texts through Journal…….……………………………………………….
4.3.3 The Benefits that the Students Obtain from Writing Narrative
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Texts through Journal……………………………………………..............
4.4 Data from Interview………………………………………………………..
4.4.1 Students’ Interview……………………………………………………….
4.4.1.1 The Students’ Opinions about the Activity of Teaching and Learning
Narrative Texts through Journal……………………………...................
4.4.1.2 The Obstacles that the Students Encounter in Writing Narrative
Texts through Journal…………………………………………………...
4.4.1.3 The Benefits that the Students Obtain From Writing Narrative
Texts through Journal……………………………………………….......
4.4.2 Teacher’s Interview…………………………………………………. ……
4.5 Overall Findings on Students’ Opinions about the Activity of Teaching
and Learning Narrative Texts through Journal…………………………….
4.6 Overall Findings on the Obstacles that the Students Encounter in
Writing Narrative Texts through Journal…………………………………..
4.7 Overall Findings on the benefits that the Students Obtain from Writing
Narrative Texts through Journal……………………………………………
4.8 Documentation Analysis (Students’ Weekly Journal)…………………. …....
4.8.1 Text Analysis 4.1…………………………………………………………..
4.8.1.1 Analysis of Schematic Structures………………………………... ……
4.8.1.2 Analysis of Linguistic Features…………………………………………
4.8.2 Text Analysis 4.2…………………………………………………………..
4.8.2.1 Analysis of Schematic Structures……………………………………....
4.8.2.2 Analysis of Linguistic Features…………………………………………
4.8.3 Text Analysis 4.3…………………………………………………………..
4.8.3.1 Analysis of Schematic Structures………………………………………
4.8.3.2 Analysis of Linguistic features…………………………………………
4.8.4 Text Analysis 4.4…………………………………………………………..
4.8.4.1 Analysis of Schematic Structures………………………………………
4.8.4.2 Analysis of Linguistic Features………………………………………...
4.8.5 Text Analysis 4.5…………………………………………………………..
4.8.5.1 Analysis of Schematic Structures………………………………………
4.8.5.2 Analysis of Linguistic Features………………………………………...
4.8.6 Text Analysis 4.6…………………………………………………………..
4.8.6.1 Analysis of Schematic Structures………………………………………
4.8.6.2 Analysis of Linguistic Features…………………………………………
4.8.7 The Conclusion of Students’ Written Works…………………………….
4.9 Concluding Remarks……………………………………………………......
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CHAPTER FIVE: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION…………………........
5.1 Introductory Remarks………………………………………………………..
5.2 Conclusions………………………………………………………………......
5.3 Suggestions…………………………………………………………………..
5.4 Concluding Remarks………………………………………………………. ..
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BIBLIOGRAPHY………………………………………………………………..
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APPENDICES…………………………………………………………………… 180
LIST OF TABLES
Table 2.1 Eight Key Genres for Teaching Writing across the Curriculum…......
Table 2.2 Curriculum Cycle in Genre-Based Approach………………………..
Table 3.1 The Research Schedule………………………………………………
Table 3.2 Data Analysis Categories of Teaching Narrative Texts through
Journal………………………………………………………………...
Table 3.3 The Exemplification of Topical Theme………………………..…......
Table 3.4 The Exemplification of Textual Theme………………………………
Table 4.1 Overall Findings on the Students’ Opinions……………………........
Table 4.2 Overall Findings on the Students’ Obstacles…………………………
Table 4.3 Overall Findings on the Students’ Benefits……………………….....
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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 3.1 The Research Design………………………………………………... 78
Figure 4.1 The Relationship of Students’ Narrative Texts, the Benefits of
Journal Writing and Systemic Functional Linguistic (SFL)………… 121
APPENDICES
Appendix One: Case Study Consent Form……………………………………….
Appendix Two: Classroom Attributes………………………………………........
Appendix Three: The Topics of Journal Writing Activity…………………….....
Appendix Four: The Stages of Teaching Narrative Texts through Journal………
Appendix Five: The Example of Narrative Texts………………………………..
Appendix Six: Interview Guidelines for Students……………………………….
Appendix Seven: Interview Guidelines for Teachers……………………………
Appendix Eight: The Students’ Questionnaire Sheets……………………….......
Appendix Nine: Lesson Plan…………………….……………………………….
Appendix Ten: The Results of Classroom Observation…………………….........
Appendix Eleven: The Students’ Interview Transcripts…………….…………...
Appendix Twelve: The Teacher’s Interview Transcripts ………………………..
Appendix Thirteen: The Research Documents ……………………………..........
Appendix Fourteen: The Students’ Written Works………………………………
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APPROVAL PAGE………………………………………………………..........
DECLARATION………………………………………………………………..
ABSTRACT……………………………………………………………………..
PREFACE………………………………………………………………..............
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS……………………………………………………….
LIST OF CONTENTS…………………………………………………………...
LIST OF TABLES……………………………………………………………….
LIST OF FIGURES ……………………………..................................................
LIST OF APPENDICES…………………………………………………………
ii
iii
iv
v
vii
ix
xii
xii
xii
CHAPTER ONE: THE INTRODUCTION……………………………………..
1.1 Introductory Remarks………………………………………………………..
1.2 Background of the Study…………………………………………………….
1.3 Research Questions ………………………………….. …………………….
1.4 Clarification of the Terms……………………………………………...........
1.5 Purposes of the Study………………………………………………….. ……
1.6 Significance of the Study………………………………………………. ……
1.7 General Approach and Methodology of the Study…………………….. ……
1.8 Concluding Remarks…………………………………………………………
1
1
1
5
5
7
8
9
9
CHAPTER TWO: THE LITERATURE REVIEW………………………...........
2.1 Introductory Remarks………………………………………………….. ……
2.2 Teaching Writing………………………………………………………….....
2.3 The Roles of Teacher in Teaching Writing……………………………..……
2.4 The Nature and Essential Problems in English as Foreign Language (EFL)
Writing………………………………………………………………………
2.4.1 Getting Started……………………………………………………….. ……
2.4.2 Writing Anxiety and Writer’s block…………………………………. ……
2.4.3 Building Self-Confidence……………………………………………. ……
2.4.4 Building the Writing Habits………………………………………….. ……
2.5 A Genre-Based–An Approach Needed in Teaching Narrative Texts…......
2.5.1 The Model of Genre-Based Approach……………………………………..
2.6 Narrative Texts……………………………………………………………….
2.6.1 The Types of Narrative Texts………………………………………………
2.6.2 The Characteristics of Narrative Texts……………………………….........
2.6.3 The Schematic Structures and Language Features of Narrative Texts.........
2.6.4 The Importance of Writing Narrative Texts……………………………….
2.6.5 The Different of Narratives with Recounts………..……………………….
2.7. Journal Writing–A Technique Needed in Teaching Narrative Texts………
2.7.1 The Types of Journal………………………………………………………
2.7.2 The Benefits of Writing Narrative Texts through Journal Writing………...
2.7.2.1 Developing Students’ Writing Skill……………………………………..
2.7.2.2 Freedom of Expression……………………………………………..........
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13
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20
21
24
25
26
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30
31
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2.7.2.3 The Value of Self-reflection and Assessment……………………………
2.7.3 The Stages of Teaching and Learning Narrative Texts through
Journal ……………………………………………………………………
2.7.3.1 Starting Out ………………………………………………………........
2.7.3.2 Keeping Going …………………………………………………………
2.8 Related Research Findings…………………………………………………..
2.9 Concluding Remarks…………………………………………………………
37
CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY…………………………
3.1 Introductory Remarks…………………………………………………..........
3.2 Research Methodology………………………………………………………
3.3 Research Design………………………………………………………..........
3.4 Research Site and Participants……………………………………………….
3.5 Data Collection Methods, Instruments and Researcher’s Roles …………….
3.5.1 Data Collection and Instruments…………………………………………..
3.5.1.1 Observation………………………………………………………………
3.5.1.2 Interview…………………………………………………………………
3.5.1.3 Questionnaire…………………………………………………………….
3.5.1.4 Documentations Analysis………………………………………………..
3.5.2 Researcher’s Role…………………………………………………….........
3.6 Data Analysis Method…………………………………………………..........
3.7 Systemic Functional Linguistic (SFL) as Texts Analysis Devices..…………
3.7.1 Theme and Rheme…………………………………………………………
3.7.2 Transitivity…………………………………………………………………
3.7.2.1 Process and Participants………………………………….. …………….
3.7.2.1.1 Material Process: Process of Doing……………………………………
3.7.2.1.2 Verbal and Mental Process……………………………………….........
3.7.3 Conjunctions………………………………………………………….........
3.7.4 Modality……………………………………………………………………
3.8 Establishing the Trustworthiness……………………………………….........
3.8.1 Triangulation…………………………………………………………........
3.8.2 Persistent Observation……………………………………………………..
3.8.3 Thick Description…………………………………………………….........
3.8.4 Member Checking………………………………………………………….
3.9 Concluding Remarks………………………………………………………....
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CHAPTER FOUR: DATA ANALYSIS, FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION…
4.1 Introductory Remarks……………………………………………………….
4.2 Data from Observation: The Kinds of Activity that Take Place in
the Process of Teaching and Learning Narrative Texts through journal…….
4.3 Data from Questionnaire………………………………………………..........
4.3.1 The Students’ Opinions about the Activity of Teaching and Learning
Narrative Texts through Journal……………………………......................
4.3.2 The Obstacles that the Students Encounter in Writing Narrative
Texts through Journal…….……………………………………………….
4.3.3 The Benefits that the Students Obtain from Writing Narrative
79
79
39
39
41
45
52
81
90
91
93
Texts through Journal……………………………………………..............
4.4 Data from Interview………………………………………………………..
4.4.1 Students’ Interview……………………………………………………….
4.4.1.1 The Students’ Opinions about the Activity of Teaching and Learning
Narrative Texts through Journal……………………………...................
4.4.1.2 The Obstacles that the Students Encounter in Writing Narrative
Texts through Journal…………………………………………………...
4.4.1.3 The Benefits that the Students Obtain From Writing Narrative
Texts through Journal……………………………………………….......
4.4.2 Teacher’s Interview…………………………………………………. ……
4.5 Overall Findings on Students’ Opinions about the Activity of Teaching
and Learning Narrative Texts through Journal…………………………….
4.6 Overall Findings on the Obstacles that the Students Encounter in
Writing Narrative Texts through Journal…………………………………..
4.7 Overall Findings on the benefits that the Students Obtain from Writing
Narrative Texts through Journal……………………………………………
4.8 Documentation Analysis (Students’ Weekly Journal)…………………. …....
4.8.1 Text Analysis 4.1…………………………………………………………..
4.8.1.1 Analysis of Schematic Structures………………………………... ……
4.8.1.2 Analysis of Linguistic Features…………………………………………
4.8.2 Text Analysis 4.2…………………………………………………………..
4.8.2.1 Analysis of Schematic Structures……………………………………....
4.8.2.2 Analysis of Linguistic Features…………………………………………
4.8.3 Text Analysis 4.3…………………………………………………………..
4.8.3.1 Analysis of Schematic Structures………………………………………
4.8.3.2 Analysis of Linguistic features…………………………………………
4.8.4 Text Analysis 4.4…………………………………………………………..
4.8.4.1 Analysis of Schematic Structures………………………………………
4.8.4.2 Analysis of Linguistic Features………………………………………...
4.8.5 Text Analysis 4.5…………………………………………………………..
4.8.5.1 Analysis of Schematic Structures………………………………………
4.8.5.2 Analysis of Linguistic Features………………………………………...
4.8.6 Text Analysis 4.6…………………………………………………………..
4.8.6.1 Analysis of Schematic Structures………………………………………
4.8.6.2 Analysis of Linguistic Features…………………………………………
4.8.7 The Conclusion of Students’ Written Works…………………………….
4.9 Concluding Remarks……………………………………………………......
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CHAPTER FIVE: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION…………………........
5.1 Introductory Remarks………………………………………………………..
5.2 Conclusions………………………………………………………………......
5.3 Suggestions…………………………………………………………………..
5.4 Concluding Remarks………………………………………………………. ..
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169
172
173
BIBLIOGRAPHY………………………………………………………………..
174
100
104
107
110
115
117
APPENDICES…………………………………………………………………… 180
LIST OF TABLES
Table 2.1 Eight Key Genres for Teaching Writing across the Curriculum…......
Table 2.2 Curriculum Cycle in Genre-Based Approach………………………..
Table 3.1 The Research Schedule………………………………………………
Table 3.2 Data Analysis Categories of Teaching Narrative Texts through
Journal………………………………………………………………...
Table 3.3 The Exemplification of Topical Theme………………………..…......
Table 3.4 The Exemplification of Textual Theme………………………………
Table 4.1 Overall Findings on the Students’ Opinions……………………........
Table 4.2 Overall Findings on the Students’ Obstacles…………………………
Table 4.3 Overall Findings on the Students’ Benefits……………………….....
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66
68
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115
117
118
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 3.1 The Research Design………………………………………………... 78
Figure 4.1 The Relationship of Students’ Narrative Texts, the Benefits of
Journal Writing and Systemic Functional Linguistic (SFL)………… 121
APPENDICES
Appendix One: Case Study Consent Form……………………………………….
Appendix Two: Classroom Attributes………………………………………........
Appendix Three: The Topics of Journal Writing Activity…………………….....
Appendix Four: The Stages of Teaching Narrative Texts through Journal………
Appendix Five: The Example of Narrative Texts………………………………..
Appendix Six: Interview Guidelines for Students……………………………….
Appendix Seven: Interview Guidelines for Teachers……………………………
Appendix Eight: The Students’ Questionnaire Sheets……………………….......
Appendix Nine: Lesson Plan…………………….……………………………….
Appendix Ten: The Results of Classroom Observation…………………….........
Appendix Eleven: The Students’ Interview Transcripts…………….…………...
Appendix Twelve: The Teacher’s Interview Transcripts ………………………..
Appendix Thirteen: The Research Documents ……………………………..........
Appendix Fourteen: The Students’ Written Works………………………………
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