T1__BAB III Institutional Repository | Satya Wacana Christian University: An Annotated Translation of Metaphors and Similes in Richard Connell’s Short Story The Most Dangerous Game T1 BAB III
CHAPTER III
ANNOTATION
Below are the annotations found in The Most Dangerous Game with 7 metaphors and 8 similes.
A. METAPHOR
In translating metaphor, the translator using Newmark’s theory with metaphor translation
strategy:
Object : the item which is described by the metaphor
Image : the item in terms of which the object is described
Sense : The shows in what particular aspects the object and the image are similar.
Example:
“This competition is fair enough. We all know Toby is a cheetah. Does not surprise he
always becomes the winner. “
Object: Toby
Image: A Cheetah
Sense: Fast
This example shows where Toby as the object is being compare with an image of a cheetah.
Toby is human being who is being compare with an animal. In this case, He win a marathon
competition because he is running faster than the others. Where the characteristic of cheetah is
run fast, even faster. Then the sense between Toby and a cheetah in this is fast.
1. The metaphor can be converted into sense
This translating metaphor strategy will be follow by two annotations in the story The Most
Dangerous Game;
Table 3.1
Metaphor 1
Par.
ST
TT
Rainsford, reclining in a steamer chair, Rainsford, bersandar di kursi kapal, dengan
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indolently puffed on his favorite brier. The malasnya menguap ke arah tanaman berduri
sensuous drowsiness of the night was on favoritnya. Dia merasa ngantuk. “Ini sangat
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him." It's so dark," he thought, "that I gelap,” pikirnya, “andaikan aku bisa
could sleep without closing my eyes; the tertidur tanpa menutup mataku; malam
night would be my eyelids--"
yang sangat gelap—“
Object: The night
Image: The eyelids
Sense: Dark
After their long-conversation in their way on the ship, at the night Rainsford feels tired and as he
feels sleepy, he thought that if he could sleep without closing his eyes, maybe he still can see the
night, because that night is his eyelids. The translator translated the night would be my eyelids in
table 3.1 becomes malam yang sangat gelap instead of malam akan menjadi kelopak mataku.
The writer translated the figurative expression used the strategy ‘the metaphor can be converted
into sense’ because the image that produced in the target text is more clearly and suitable to express
the context in sense than translate it word to word.
Table 3.2
Metaphor 2
Par.
ST
TT
Rainsford did not want to believe what Rainsford tidak mau percaya apa alasan yang
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his reason told him was true, but the truth dia
katakan
was as evident as the sun that had by now kenyataanya
padanya
adalah
itu
jelas
benar,
sekali
tapi
kalau
pushed through the morning mists. The matahari sekarang matahari telah didorong
general was playing with him! The melalui kabut pagi. Sang Jenderal sedang
general was saving him for another day's bermain
dengannya!
Sang
Jenderal
sport! The Cossack was the cat; he was menyelamatkan dia untuk olahraga di lain
the mouse. Then it was that Rainsford hari! Si Cossack adalah pemburu; dan dia
knew the full meaning of terror.
(Rainsford) adalah buruannya. Maka itulah
yang Rainsford tahu tentang arti dari terror
sebenarnya.
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Object : The Cossack and Rainsford
Image : The cat and mouse
Sense : The connection between the hunter and the hunted
In table 3.2 the metaphor trying to compare both men with animals. How the way a cat would hunt
a mouse. Cats silently stalk their victims and then attack them. Usually, mouse do not suspect the
attack. The Cossack is very secretive in hunting Rainsford and Rainsford did not suspect anything.
General Zaroff knows where he is but has decided not to pursue him for that day. So, Rainsford is
being hunted by Zaroff. The translator here used words “pemburu” dan “diburu” to refers “the cat”
and “the mouse”. Because those are more clearly and suitable to express the context in sense than
literal translation.
2. The same image is reproduced in the TL
This translating metaphor strategy will be follow by four annotations in the story The Most
Dangerous Game;
Table 3.3
Metaphor 3
Par.
70
ST
TT
"Oh, that fellow. Yes, he was a monster." “Oh, itu. Ya, dia adalah monster.”
Object: The Cape Buffalo
Image: A monster
Sense: Terrify
Metaphor in table 3.3 translated with semantic method to make it more natural. “he was a monster”
is General Zarrof expression to give a portray toward the Cape Buffalo. Since in this conversation
between General Zaroff and Rainsford talks about his wonderful collection of animal’s dead-heads
hanging in the walls in his house. Then Rainsford seeing the cape buffalo’s head on it. Rainsford
talks that is the largest cape buffalo he ever saw. General Zaroff justified it with saying “he was a
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monster”. A monster here is portrayed with/as a terrifying or dangerous game. Like his experience
about this monster; "Hurled me against a tree," …, "Fractured my skull. But I got the brute.".
The translator translated the meaning of the TL as same as the image in SL, because in TL, the
culture description of ‘monster’ as same as in SL. That something which is (people known/describe
it with) big, dangerous, terrify, etc. And without changing the meaning into “Ya, dia itu
menyeramkan/mengerikan’, the readers would be understood with the image of monster itself.
Table 3.4
Metaphor 4
Par.
ST
TT
Now he had got a grip on himself, had Sekarang ia dapat mengendalikan dirinya
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stopped, and was taking stock of himself sendiri,
dia
berhenti
dan
mengambil
and the situation. He saw that straight persediaan dari situasi dan dirinya sendiri.
flight was futile; inevitably it would Dia pikir kalau pelariannya sia-sia dan pasti
bring him face to face with the sea. He akan membawanya berhadapan dengan laut.
was in a picture with a frame of water, Dia berada di sebuah gambar dengan bingkai
and his operations, clearly, must take laut
place within that frame.
dan
pastinya
apapun
yang
dia
rencanakan, tak akan jauh-jauh dari laut.
Object: Rainsford
Image: A picture with a frame of water
Sense: Trapped
After reading then understanding this paragraph I found that the metaphor at the end of paragraph
talked about how Rainsford’s plan to try to escape from General Zaroff. He thinks that whatever
his plans are, he would be ended with the sea. That is why the metaphor in table 3.5 portrays that
he was framed by water, he is in an island which is surrounded by the sea and there is nothing he
can do, or whatever his plans are, he should really consider about the situation he faced (in the
island with the sea as the frame), or anything he want to do should be take place within in the
frame. That is why the translator translated the text with the same image reproduced in TT. It
becomes Dia berada di sebuah gambar dengan bingkai air. Because using this strategy is more
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acceptable and clearer with the context of the story in an understanding of the metaphor for the
reader in TL.
Table 3.5
Metaphor 5
Par.
SL
TL
“Even as he touched it, the general “Bahkan
180
saat
ia
menyentuhnya,
sang
sensed his danger and leaped back with Jenderal merasakan bahaya dan melompat
the agility of an ape. But he was not quite mundur dengan kegesitan seekor kera. Tapi
quick enough…
dia tidak cukup cepat…”
Object : The General
Image : The agility of an ape
Sense : Fast/quickly
That is when General Zaroff begins to hunt Rainsford, following Rainsford’s trace and to
anticipate, Rainsford make a kind of trap for Zaroff. General Zaroff is coming. His foot touched
the protruding bough that was the trigger of the trap. When he touches it, he sensed his danger and
move/leaps quickly like an ape when they (apes) do jumping. The translator using the same image
in ST because it was clear enough for readers and also can give the reader a visible image of the
meaning/word and the connection between the object and the image in the context.
3. The metaphor can be translated as simile along with its sense
This translating metaphor procedure is used in the metaphor in table 3.7 below.
Table 3.6
Metaphor 6
Par.
ST
TT
… There was a chance that his cries … Ada kemungkinan bahwa teriakannya bisa
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could be heard by someone aboard the didengar oleh seseorang di atas kapal pesiar,
yacht, but that chance was slender and tapi kesempatan itu tipis dan semakin
grew more slender as the yacht raced on. menipis saat kapal pesiarnya berjalan. Dia
He wrestled himself out of his clothes menjatuhkan
dirinya
sendiri,
melepas
and shouted with all his power. The bajunya dan berteriak sekeras mungkin.
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lights of the yacht became faint and ever- Lampu dari kapal pesiar meredup dan lenyap
vanishing fireflies; then they were bagaikan
blotted out entirely by the night.
kunang-kunang;
lalu
mereka
sepenuhnya menghilang oleh malam.
Object : The lights
Image : Fireflies
Sense : Spangle
In this case, when Rainsford falls off the boat and surfaces, he watches as the boat recedes into the
night. The lights of the ship are compared to fireflies. It helps us picture what they look like, but
also helps to capture Rainsford’s state of mind as he watched the ship leave him in the water.
During the light of the ship goes away, the light would look like spangling like the light of firefly.
He knew that he was left behind, and he feared he might die if he did not make it to shore. The
translator reproduces the meaning in the same image as in SL because that is clear and more
understable for the readers to know the context.
Table 3.7
Metaphor 7
Par.
ST
TT
... His need for rest was imperative and ... Kebutuhannya untuk istirahat itu penting
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he thought, "I have played the fox, now I sekali dan dia berpikir, “Aku telah bermain
must play the cat of the fable." A big tree seperti rubah, dan sekarang aku harus
with a thick trunk and outspread bermain sebagai kucing dari dongeng.” Di
branches was near by, and, taking care to dekat sebuah pohon besar dengan batang
leave not the slightest mark, he climbed yang besar dan cabang yang terhampar dan
up into the crotch, and, stretching out on hati-hati untuk tidak meninggalkan bekas
one of the broad limbs, after a fashion, sekecil apapun, dia memanjat ke atas cabang
rested. Rest brought him new confidence pohon dan meregangkan di salah satu dahan
and almost a feeling of security.
pohon yang luas, beristirahat dalam batas
tertentu.
Istirahat
memberikannya
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kepercayaan diri yang baru dan hampir rasa
kewaspadaan.
Object : I (Rainsford)
Image : The fox and the cat
Sense : The characteristic, hiding and hunting
In metaphor table 3.7 portrays how Rainsford compares himself to the character of animals. He
uses fox’s technique as his strategy when he played hunting with General Zaroff. He played as a
fox to defend himself and to avoid/stay away from General Zaroff. Where foxes are usually hiding
on something which can cover their self being seen from the enemy. Then after playing like a fox,
he should play as a cat. The first, when he should be like a fox, he is the one who is being hunted
by General Zaroff, but when he decides to play as a cat, he decides to be the hunter instead of the
hunted. In other words, it means that he makes General Zaroff as the target. In this part, the
translator translated ST as simile along with its sense because this procedure is more story in the
context of this part and easier for the readers to understand the story.
B. SIMILE
To analyze similes, here are steps in analyzing similes based on Larson’s theory:
Object/topic : The topic of the first proposition (the thing really being talked about)
Image
: The topic of the second proposition (what is being compared with)
Point of Similarity: The similiarity found between the object and the image
1. The simile can be converted into sense
This simile translation is used in translating The Most Dangerous Game;
Table 3.8
Simile 1
60
Par.
ST
TT
"There was no breeze. The sea was as flat “Tak tertiup angin sepoi-sepoi. Lautnya tak
22
as a plate-glass window. We were drawing berombak, datar bagaikan kaca jendela.
near the island then. What I felt was a--a Waktu kita mendekati pulau itu. Yang aku
mental chill; a sort of sudden dread."
rasakan adalah—merinding; seperti tibatiba ketakutan.
Object: The Sea
Image: A plate-glass window
Point of Similarity: Flat/plane wave, quite/calm (and feels strange at the same time.)
Using this strategy while translating simile in table 3.8 makes the translator want to make it easier
to understand for the readers by adding sense in it. This simile is happening when Rainsford and
Whitney are having conversation about the sailor lore and how the situation around the yacht about
the sea and the island. In this figurative expression, this is comparing two things which are the sea
being compared with a plate-glass window. The sea looks like a plate-glass window which is
flat/does not have any waves. And also, The Sea here is represent how quite the situation at that
time like a plate-glass window which could make they feels strange. Where the sea itself usually
has waves or sounds of waters, etc. But, while they are in a conversation talking about something
“bad”, and the situation around is like supported the bad issue. For example, the sea which quite
in the darkness night and make them a sort of sudden dread.
In this figurative expression, the translator translated the simile with sense in TL because it has
already given a clear image and can explain the story in its context to the readers. As it also has
supported sentence which shows the situation at that time related to the figurative expression.
Table 3.9
Simile 2
Par.
ST
TT
Rainsford sprang up and moved quickly to “Rainsford meloncat dan bergerak dengan
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the rail, mystified. He strained his eyes in cepat ke dek kapal, kebingungan. Dia
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the direction from which the reports had menatap ke arah datangnya letusan dengan
come, but it was like trying to see through tegang,
a blanket. …
tapi
seperti
mencoba
untuk
melihatnya melalui kegelapan.
Object
: The vision
Image
: A blanket
Point of Similarity
: Vague/hard to see/blind
Figurative expression with simile type is shown in but it was like trying to see through a blanket
in table 3.9, when after the quite night along the way then suddenly there is sound that startled
Rainsford. That is like someone had fired a gun three times. He sprang up and moved quickly to
the deck. He feels confuse and strain as the same time he is trying to look that sound. But, as in
the story describes the situation at that night is in the dark fog night, He cannot find where the
sounds come from. Then Rainsford’s view is portrayed in this figurative expression with a blanket.
As we know if we are trying to see something with a blanket cover up our head/face, it can block
our view because of its dark.
The translator translated with sense without changing the original meaning in SL because that is
clear enough for readers to know the meaning of the similet and they can imagine it.
Table 3.10
Simile 3
Par.
ST
The general chuckled. "They indicate a “Sang
125
TT
Jenderal
tertawa.
“Mereka
channel," he said, "where there's none; menunjukkan sebuah terowongan,” katanya,
giant rocks with razor edges crouch like “tak ada siapapun; bebatuan raksasa dengan
a sea monster with wide-open jaws. They pinggiran
tebing/karang
runcing
can crush a ship as easily as I crush this membungkuk seperti raksasa laut dengan
nut." He dropped a walnut on the mulut yang terbuka lebar. Mereka bisa
hardwood floor and brought his heel menghancurkan sebuah kapal semudah aku
grinding down on it. "Oh, yes," he said, menghancurkan
kacang
ini.”
Dia
casually, as if in answer to a question, "I menjatuhkan kenari di atas lantai kayu yang
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have electricity. We try to be civilized keras dan menginjaknya dengan tumitnya.
“Oh, ya,” katanya, dengan santainya seperti
here."
sedang menjawab pertanyaan, “Aku punya
listrik. Kita coba untuk tinggal disini.”
Object: The rocks
Image: A monster
Point of Similarity: Huge yet dangerous
By reading and understanding the context of this paragraph, General Zaroff compares the rocks to
a monster. By saying “giant rocks with razor edges crouch like a sea monster with wide-open
jaws”, it can give us a vision about how the rocks look like. The giant rocks look like a monster.
Usually, a picture of a monster is something bigger than another creature. So, it means that in this
island where the Rainsford and General Zaroff are, there are rocks which so big/huge like a sea
monster and it has “razor edges crouch” which is like the tooth of the monster. It’s described with
“a sea monster with wide-open jaws”. And in the TL the translator translated the text become
“bebatuan raksasa dengan pinggiran tebing/karang runcing membungkuk seperti raksasa laut
dengan mulut yang terbuka lebar.” The translator tried to translate the text that way with the sense
to make it more natural in TL for the readers. For the part “razor edges crouch” the translator
translated it becomes “pinggiran tebing/karang runcing” in order to adjust it as rocks and not
translate it “dengan pisau cukur”, because if using word “pisau cukur”, it does not suit with the
context where the “razor edges crouch” itself describing the giant rocks.
2. The same image is reproduced in the TL
This translation procedure is applied for five similes found in The Most Dangerous Game;
Table 3.11
Simile 4
Par.
ST
TT
"Nor four yards," admitted Rainsford. “Jangankan empat yard,” sahut Rainsford.
6
"Ugh! It's like moist black velvet."
“Ah! Itu seperti beludru hitam yang
lembab.”
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Object: It (A Carribean Night)
Image: Black velvet
Point of Similarity: Moist
By reading and understanding this part, the object of this simile is It which refers to carribean
night and is being compared with black velvet. In TT, it means beludru hitam. In the story, a
carribean night is described with a moonless caribean night means dark and supported with the
situation at that time the dank tropical night and mistiness. So, the researcher concludes that the
point of similarity between a carribean night and black velvet here is something feels moist, like
the weather at that time (carribean night). And in TT, beludru/beludu is moist as its characteristic
even in humid weather like the weather described in the story.
The translator translated it with the same image to reproduce it in the targe text because the one
which is being compared already has been easily understand in the target language and by using
this prosedure it can give the reader clear image about the context of the story.
Table 3.12
Simile 5
Par.
ST
TT
The menacing look in the eyes did not Kesan mengancam dari matanya tidak
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change. The revolver pointing as rigidly berubah. Senapan yang menunjuk setegas
as if the giant were a statue. He gave no patung raksasa. Dia tidak memeperlihatkan
sign that he understood Rainsford's seolah ia menegrti apa yang Rainsford
words, or that he had even heard them. katakan, atau bahwa ia mendengarkannyaa.
He was dressed in uniform--a black Dia berpakaian seragam—sebuah seragam
uniform trimmed with gray astrakhan.
hitam dengan hiasan astrakhan abu-abu.
Object: The revolver
Image: As rigidly as
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Point of Similarity: A statue
From this part, the simile comes up by the description of Ivan “The revolver pointing as rigidly as
if the giant were a statue”. In this case “the revolver pointing rigidly” is described having similarity
with the statue. It looks that the way Ivan held his revolver and pointing rigidly to Rainsford is like
a giant statue, and Ivan also has that kind of big body like a giant. Being like a statue refers to the
way he holds his revolver that is not moving/shaky. Then in TL, the researcher translated the text
into “senapan yang menunjuk setegas patung raksasa” using the same image as in SL. By using
the similar image as the SL, the translator can give a clear image of this simile in TL.
Table 3.13
Simile 6
Par.
ST
TT
Rainsford's first impression was that the Kesan pertama Rainsford adalah bahwa
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man was singularly handsome; his orang itu luar biasa tampan; yang kedua
second was that there was an original, adalah asli tapi agak aneh tentang wajah sang
almost bizarre quality about the general's Jenderal. Dia seorang pria yang tinggi dengan
face. He was a tall man past middle age, usia menengah keatas, rambutnya putih;
for his hair was a vivid white; but his tetapi alisnya tipis dan kumis militernya yang
thick eyebrows and pointed military hitam
terlihat
bagai
malam
darimana
mustache were as black as the night from Rainsford datang. Matanya juga hitam dan
which Rainsford had come. His eyes, sangat terang. Dia memiliki tulang pipi yang
too, were black and very bright. He had besar, hidung mancung, kurus, muka gelap—
high cheekbones, a sharpcut nose, a wajah seorang pria yang digunakan untuk
spare, dark face--the face of a man used memberikan perintah, wajah bangsawan.
to give orders, the face of an aristocrat. Beralih ke raksasa berseragam, sang Jenderal
Turning to the giant in uniform, the memberi
tanda.
Lalu
si
raksasa
general made a sign. The giant put away menyingkirkan pistolnya, memberi hormat,
his pistol, saluted, withdrew.
dan mundur.
Object: The eyebrows and the mustache
Image: The night
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Point of Similarity: Strict/Dark
By using this procedure to translate simile in table 3.13, Rainsford is trying to compare General
Zaroff’s black mustache with the night. Then it translated to TL “alisnya tipis dan kumis militernya
yang hitam terlihat bagai malam darimana Rainsford datang”. The way the translator translated
the text is literally using the same image in SL. In this paragraph, this simile is Rainsford’s
description of General Zaroff when they met for the first time. His eyebrows as well as his
mustache are thick and dark like the night at that time. With his appearance as a characteristic of
General Zaroff.
Table 3.14
Simile 7
Par.
ST
TT
Laughter shook the general. "How Sang
115
jenderal
tertawa
terbahak-bahak.
extraordinarily droll you are!" he said. “Betapa sangat lucunya anda!” kata sang
"One does not expect nowadays to find a jenderal. “Bahkan di Amerika sekarang, tidak
young man of the educated class, even in satupun
yang
America, with such a naive, and, if I may menemukan
mengharapkan
seorang
pria
muda
untuk
yang
say so, mid-Victorian point of view. It's berpendidikan, dan senaif itu. Dan kalau
like finding a snuffbox in a limousine. boleh aku bilang dengan sudut pandang
Ah, well, doubtless you had Puritan jaman Victoria pertengahan. Ini seperti
ancestors. So many Americans appear to menemukan kotak tembakau di mobil
have had. I'll wager you'll forget your limosin. Ah, oke. kau pasti keturunan
notions when you go hunting with me. Puritan.
Banyak
orang
Amerika
yang
You've a genuine new thrill in store for sepertimu. Aku jamin kau akan melupakan
you, Mr. Rainsford."
idemu ketika kau pergi berburu denganku.
Kau memiliki sensasi sejati baru yang belum
terungkapkan dalam dirimu tuan Rainsford.”
Object: It (Rainsford’s point of view)
Image: A snuffbox in limousine
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Point of Similarity: Old-fashioned
This simile portrays Zaroff’s perception about what he feels of Rainsford’s old-fashioned views.
Zaroff tries to compare Rainsford’s point of view who is being naïve about human’s hunting in
this modern-day at that time with a snuffbox in limousine. Snuffbox here is reputed as something
old and the limousine which is identic with the modern one.
The translator translates this simile with the same image in TL because how this paragraph tells
and the supporting sentences about Zaroff’s words in this simile part is clear for the readers to
understand why Zaroff compares Rainsford point of view with Snuffbox in limousine.
Table 3.15
Simile 8
Par.
ST
TT
An apprehensive night crawled slowly Malam yang menakutkan berjalan lambat
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by like a wounded snake and sleep did seperti ular yang terluka dan Rainsford tidak
not visit Rainsford, although the silence mengantuk, meskipun keheningan akan
of a dead world was on the jungle. dunia yang mati ada di hutan. Menjelang pagi
Toward morning when a dingy gray was ketika abu-abu suram menghiasi langit, suara
varnishing the sky, the cry of some kicauan
startled
bird
focused
beberapa
Rainsford's mengagetkan
attention in that direction.
Object
: An apprehensive night
Image
: A wounded snake
Point of Similarity
: Slower
ekor
burung
mengalihkan
yang
perhatian
Rainsford ke arah suara tersebut.
By understanding the whole story, the translator concludes that in table 3.15, the night here being
compare with a wounded snake. The night where Rainsford and General Zaroff play hunting each
other and Rainsford feels freezing being hunted by Zaroff and the night for him feels like run
slower and slower. Like a wounded snake which is plodding than usual (where snakes usually
slither faster). The translator translated the text as the same image in TL because it already gives
the clear image for the reader to understand the meaning of ST into TT.
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ANNOTATION
Below are the annotations found in The Most Dangerous Game with 7 metaphors and 8 similes.
A. METAPHOR
In translating metaphor, the translator using Newmark’s theory with metaphor translation
strategy:
Object : the item which is described by the metaphor
Image : the item in terms of which the object is described
Sense : The shows in what particular aspects the object and the image are similar.
Example:
“This competition is fair enough. We all know Toby is a cheetah. Does not surprise he
always becomes the winner. “
Object: Toby
Image: A Cheetah
Sense: Fast
This example shows where Toby as the object is being compare with an image of a cheetah.
Toby is human being who is being compare with an animal. In this case, He win a marathon
competition because he is running faster than the others. Where the characteristic of cheetah is
run fast, even faster. Then the sense between Toby and a cheetah in this is fast.
1. The metaphor can be converted into sense
This translating metaphor strategy will be follow by two annotations in the story The Most
Dangerous Game;
Table 3.1
Metaphor 1
Par.
ST
TT
Rainsford, reclining in a steamer chair, Rainsford, bersandar di kursi kapal, dengan
30
indolently puffed on his favorite brier. The malasnya menguap ke arah tanaman berduri
sensuous drowsiness of the night was on favoritnya. Dia merasa ngantuk. “Ini sangat
54
him." It's so dark," he thought, "that I gelap,” pikirnya, “andaikan aku bisa
could sleep without closing my eyes; the tertidur tanpa menutup mataku; malam
night would be my eyelids--"
yang sangat gelap—“
Object: The night
Image: The eyelids
Sense: Dark
After their long-conversation in their way on the ship, at the night Rainsford feels tired and as he
feels sleepy, he thought that if he could sleep without closing his eyes, maybe he still can see the
night, because that night is his eyelids. The translator translated the night would be my eyelids in
table 3.1 becomes malam yang sangat gelap instead of malam akan menjadi kelopak mataku.
The writer translated the figurative expression used the strategy ‘the metaphor can be converted
into sense’ because the image that produced in the target text is more clearly and suitable to express
the context in sense than translate it word to word.
Table 3.2
Metaphor 2
Par.
ST
TT
Rainsford did not want to believe what Rainsford tidak mau percaya apa alasan yang
176
his reason told him was true, but the truth dia
katakan
was as evident as the sun that had by now kenyataanya
padanya
adalah
itu
jelas
benar,
sekali
tapi
kalau
pushed through the morning mists. The matahari sekarang matahari telah didorong
general was playing with him! The melalui kabut pagi. Sang Jenderal sedang
general was saving him for another day's bermain
dengannya!
Sang
Jenderal
sport! The Cossack was the cat; he was menyelamatkan dia untuk olahraga di lain
the mouse. Then it was that Rainsford hari! Si Cossack adalah pemburu; dan dia
knew the full meaning of terror.
(Rainsford) adalah buruannya. Maka itulah
yang Rainsford tahu tentang arti dari terror
sebenarnya.
55
Object : The Cossack and Rainsford
Image : The cat and mouse
Sense : The connection between the hunter and the hunted
In table 3.2 the metaphor trying to compare both men with animals. How the way a cat would hunt
a mouse. Cats silently stalk their victims and then attack them. Usually, mouse do not suspect the
attack. The Cossack is very secretive in hunting Rainsford and Rainsford did not suspect anything.
General Zaroff knows where he is but has decided not to pursue him for that day. So, Rainsford is
being hunted by Zaroff. The translator here used words “pemburu” dan “diburu” to refers “the cat”
and “the mouse”. Because those are more clearly and suitable to express the context in sense than
literal translation.
2. The same image is reproduced in the TL
This translating metaphor strategy will be follow by four annotations in the story The Most
Dangerous Game;
Table 3.3
Metaphor 3
Par.
70
ST
TT
"Oh, that fellow. Yes, he was a monster." “Oh, itu. Ya, dia adalah monster.”
Object: The Cape Buffalo
Image: A monster
Sense: Terrify
Metaphor in table 3.3 translated with semantic method to make it more natural. “he was a monster”
is General Zarrof expression to give a portray toward the Cape Buffalo. Since in this conversation
between General Zaroff and Rainsford talks about his wonderful collection of animal’s dead-heads
hanging in the walls in his house. Then Rainsford seeing the cape buffalo’s head on it. Rainsford
talks that is the largest cape buffalo he ever saw. General Zaroff justified it with saying “he was a
56
monster”. A monster here is portrayed with/as a terrifying or dangerous game. Like his experience
about this monster; "Hurled me against a tree," …, "Fractured my skull. But I got the brute.".
The translator translated the meaning of the TL as same as the image in SL, because in TL, the
culture description of ‘monster’ as same as in SL. That something which is (people known/describe
it with) big, dangerous, terrify, etc. And without changing the meaning into “Ya, dia itu
menyeramkan/mengerikan’, the readers would be understood with the image of monster itself.
Table 3.4
Metaphor 4
Par.
ST
TT
Now he had got a grip on himself, had Sekarang ia dapat mengendalikan dirinya
168
stopped, and was taking stock of himself sendiri,
dia
berhenti
dan
mengambil
and the situation. He saw that straight persediaan dari situasi dan dirinya sendiri.
flight was futile; inevitably it would Dia pikir kalau pelariannya sia-sia dan pasti
bring him face to face with the sea. He akan membawanya berhadapan dengan laut.
was in a picture with a frame of water, Dia berada di sebuah gambar dengan bingkai
and his operations, clearly, must take laut
place within that frame.
dan
pastinya
apapun
yang
dia
rencanakan, tak akan jauh-jauh dari laut.
Object: Rainsford
Image: A picture with a frame of water
Sense: Trapped
After reading then understanding this paragraph I found that the metaphor at the end of paragraph
talked about how Rainsford’s plan to try to escape from General Zaroff. He thinks that whatever
his plans are, he would be ended with the sea. That is why the metaphor in table 3.5 portrays that
he was framed by water, he is in an island which is surrounded by the sea and there is nothing he
can do, or whatever his plans are, he should really consider about the situation he faced (in the
island with the sea as the frame), or anything he want to do should be take place within in the
frame. That is why the translator translated the text with the same image reproduced in TT. It
becomes Dia berada di sebuah gambar dengan bingkai air. Because using this strategy is more
57
acceptable and clearer with the context of the story in an understanding of the metaphor for the
reader in TL.
Table 3.5
Metaphor 5
Par.
SL
TL
“Even as he touched it, the general “Bahkan
180
saat
ia
menyentuhnya,
sang
sensed his danger and leaped back with Jenderal merasakan bahaya dan melompat
the agility of an ape. But he was not quite mundur dengan kegesitan seekor kera. Tapi
quick enough…
dia tidak cukup cepat…”
Object : The General
Image : The agility of an ape
Sense : Fast/quickly
That is when General Zaroff begins to hunt Rainsford, following Rainsford’s trace and to
anticipate, Rainsford make a kind of trap for Zaroff. General Zaroff is coming. His foot touched
the protruding bough that was the trigger of the trap. When he touches it, he sensed his danger and
move/leaps quickly like an ape when they (apes) do jumping. The translator using the same image
in ST because it was clear enough for readers and also can give the reader a visible image of the
meaning/word and the connection between the object and the image in the context.
3. The metaphor can be translated as simile along with its sense
This translating metaphor procedure is used in the metaphor in table 3.7 below.
Table 3.6
Metaphor 6
Par.
ST
TT
… There was a chance that his cries … Ada kemungkinan bahwa teriakannya bisa
33
could be heard by someone aboard the didengar oleh seseorang di atas kapal pesiar,
yacht, but that chance was slender and tapi kesempatan itu tipis dan semakin
grew more slender as the yacht raced on. menipis saat kapal pesiarnya berjalan. Dia
He wrestled himself out of his clothes menjatuhkan
dirinya
sendiri,
melepas
and shouted with all his power. The bajunya dan berteriak sekeras mungkin.
58
lights of the yacht became faint and ever- Lampu dari kapal pesiar meredup dan lenyap
vanishing fireflies; then they were bagaikan
blotted out entirely by the night.
kunang-kunang;
lalu
mereka
sepenuhnya menghilang oleh malam.
Object : The lights
Image : Fireflies
Sense : Spangle
In this case, when Rainsford falls off the boat and surfaces, he watches as the boat recedes into the
night. The lights of the ship are compared to fireflies. It helps us picture what they look like, but
also helps to capture Rainsford’s state of mind as he watched the ship leave him in the water.
During the light of the ship goes away, the light would look like spangling like the light of firefly.
He knew that he was left behind, and he feared he might die if he did not make it to shore. The
translator reproduces the meaning in the same image as in SL because that is clear and more
understable for the readers to know the context.
Table 3.7
Metaphor 7
Par.
ST
TT
... His need for rest was imperative and ... Kebutuhannya untuk istirahat itu penting
169
he thought, "I have played the fox, now I sekali dan dia berpikir, “Aku telah bermain
must play the cat of the fable." A big tree seperti rubah, dan sekarang aku harus
with a thick trunk and outspread bermain sebagai kucing dari dongeng.” Di
branches was near by, and, taking care to dekat sebuah pohon besar dengan batang
leave not the slightest mark, he climbed yang besar dan cabang yang terhampar dan
up into the crotch, and, stretching out on hati-hati untuk tidak meninggalkan bekas
one of the broad limbs, after a fashion, sekecil apapun, dia memanjat ke atas cabang
rested. Rest brought him new confidence pohon dan meregangkan di salah satu dahan
and almost a feeling of security.
pohon yang luas, beristirahat dalam batas
tertentu.
Istirahat
memberikannya
59
kepercayaan diri yang baru dan hampir rasa
kewaspadaan.
Object : I (Rainsford)
Image : The fox and the cat
Sense : The characteristic, hiding and hunting
In metaphor table 3.7 portrays how Rainsford compares himself to the character of animals. He
uses fox’s technique as his strategy when he played hunting with General Zaroff. He played as a
fox to defend himself and to avoid/stay away from General Zaroff. Where foxes are usually hiding
on something which can cover their self being seen from the enemy. Then after playing like a fox,
he should play as a cat. The first, when he should be like a fox, he is the one who is being hunted
by General Zaroff, but when he decides to play as a cat, he decides to be the hunter instead of the
hunted. In other words, it means that he makes General Zaroff as the target. In this part, the
translator translated ST as simile along with its sense because this procedure is more story in the
context of this part and easier for the readers to understand the story.
B. SIMILE
To analyze similes, here are steps in analyzing similes based on Larson’s theory:
Object/topic : The topic of the first proposition (the thing really being talked about)
Image
: The topic of the second proposition (what is being compared with)
Point of Similarity: The similiarity found between the object and the image
1. The simile can be converted into sense
This simile translation is used in translating The Most Dangerous Game;
Table 3.8
Simile 1
60
Par.
ST
TT
"There was no breeze. The sea was as flat “Tak tertiup angin sepoi-sepoi. Lautnya tak
22
as a plate-glass window. We were drawing berombak, datar bagaikan kaca jendela.
near the island then. What I felt was a--a Waktu kita mendekati pulau itu. Yang aku
mental chill; a sort of sudden dread."
rasakan adalah—merinding; seperti tibatiba ketakutan.
Object: The Sea
Image: A plate-glass window
Point of Similarity: Flat/plane wave, quite/calm (and feels strange at the same time.)
Using this strategy while translating simile in table 3.8 makes the translator want to make it easier
to understand for the readers by adding sense in it. This simile is happening when Rainsford and
Whitney are having conversation about the sailor lore and how the situation around the yacht about
the sea and the island. In this figurative expression, this is comparing two things which are the sea
being compared with a plate-glass window. The sea looks like a plate-glass window which is
flat/does not have any waves. And also, The Sea here is represent how quite the situation at that
time like a plate-glass window which could make they feels strange. Where the sea itself usually
has waves or sounds of waters, etc. But, while they are in a conversation talking about something
“bad”, and the situation around is like supported the bad issue. For example, the sea which quite
in the darkness night and make them a sort of sudden dread.
In this figurative expression, the translator translated the simile with sense in TL because it has
already given a clear image and can explain the story in its context to the readers. As it also has
supported sentence which shows the situation at that time related to the figurative expression.
Table 3.9
Simile 2
Par.
ST
TT
Rainsford sprang up and moved quickly to “Rainsford meloncat dan bergerak dengan
32
the rail, mystified. He strained his eyes in cepat ke dek kapal, kebingungan. Dia
61
the direction from which the reports had menatap ke arah datangnya letusan dengan
come, but it was like trying to see through tegang,
a blanket. …
tapi
seperti
mencoba
untuk
melihatnya melalui kegelapan.
Object
: The vision
Image
: A blanket
Point of Similarity
: Vague/hard to see/blind
Figurative expression with simile type is shown in but it was like trying to see through a blanket
in table 3.9, when after the quite night along the way then suddenly there is sound that startled
Rainsford. That is like someone had fired a gun three times. He sprang up and moved quickly to
the deck. He feels confuse and strain as the same time he is trying to look that sound. But, as in
the story describes the situation at that night is in the dark fog night, He cannot find where the
sounds come from. Then Rainsford’s view is portrayed in this figurative expression with a blanket.
As we know if we are trying to see something with a blanket cover up our head/face, it can block
our view because of its dark.
The translator translated with sense without changing the original meaning in SL because that is
clear enough for readers to know the meaning of the similet and they can imagine it.
Table 3.10
Simile 3
Par.
ST
The general chuckled. "They indicate a “Sang
125
TT
Jenderal
tertawa.
“Mereka
channel," he said, "where there's none; menunjukkan sebuah terowongan,” katanya,
giant rocks with razor edges crouch like “tak ada siapapun; bebatuan raksasa dengan
a sea monster with wide-open jaws. They pinggiran
tebing/karang
runcing
can crush a ship as easily as I crush this membungkuk seperti raksasa laut dengan
nut." He dropped a walnut on the mulut yang terbuka lebar. Mereka bisa
hardwood floor and brought his heel menghancurkan sebuah kapal semudah aku
grinding down on it. "Oh, yes," he said, menghancurkan
kacang
ini.”
Dia
casually, as if in answer to a question, "I menjatuhkan kenari di atas lantai kayu yang
62
have electricity. We try to be civilized keras dan menginjaknya dengan tumitnya.
“Oh, ya,” katanya, dengan santainya seperti
here."
sedang menjawab pertanyaan, “Aku punya
listrik. Kita coba untuk tinggal disini.”
Object: The rocks
Image: A monster
Point of Similarity: Huge yet dangerous
By reading and understanding the context of this paragraph, General Zaroff compares the rocks to
a monster. By saying “giant rocks with razor edges crouch like a sea monster with wide-open
jaws”, it can give us a vision about how the rocks look like. The giant rocks look like a monster.
Usually, a picture of a monster is something bigger than another creature. So, it means that in this
island where the Rainsford and General Zaroff are, there are rocks which so big/huge like a sea
monster and it has “razor edges crouch” which is like the tooth of the monster. It’s described with
“a sea monster with wide-open jaws”. And in the TL the translator translated the text become
“bebatuan raksasa dengan pinggiran tebing/karang runcing membungkuk seperti raksasa laut
dengan mulut yang terbuka lebar.” The translator tried to translate the text that way with the sense
to make it more natural in TL for the readers. For the part “razor edges crouch” the translator
translated it becomes “pinggiran tebing/karang runcing” in order to adjust it as rocks and not
translate it “dengan pisau cukur”, because if using word “pisau cukur”, it does not suit with the
context where the “razor edges crouch” itself describing the giant rocks.
2. The same image is reproduced in the TL
This translation procedure is applied for five similes found in The Most Dangerous Game;
Table 3.11
Simile 4
Par.
ST
TT
"Nor four yards," admitted Rainsford. “Jangankan empat yard,” sahut Rainsford.
6
"Ugh! It's like moist black velvet."
“Ah! Itu seperti beludru hitam yang
lembab.”
63
Object: It (A Carribean Night)
Image: Black velvet
Point of Similarity: Moist
By reading and understanding this part, the object of this simile is It which refers to carribean
night and is being compared with black velvet. In TT, it means beludru hitam. In the story, a
carribean night is described with a moonless caribean night means dark and supported with the
situation at that time the dank tropical night and mistiness. So, the researcher concludes that the
point of similarity between a carribean night and black velvet here is something feels moist, like
the weather at that time (carribean night). And in TT, beludru/beludu is moist as its characteristic
even in humid weather like the weather described in the story.
The translator translated it with the same image to reproduce it in the targe text because the one
which is being compared already has been easily understand in the target language and by using
this prosedure it can give the reader clear image about the context of the story.
Table 3.12
Simile 5
Par.
ST
TT
The menacing look in the eyes did not Kesan mengancam dari matanya tidak
50
change. The revolver pointing as rigidly berubah. Senapan yang menunjuk setegas
as if the giant were a statue. He gave no patung raksasa. Dia tidak memeperlihatkan
sign that he understood Rainsford's seolah ia menegrti apa yang Rainsford
words, or that he had even heard them. katakan, atau bahwa ia mendengarkannyaa.
He was dressed in uniform--a black Dia berpakaian seragam—sebuah seragam
uniform trimmed with gray astrakhan.
hitam dengan hiasan astrakhan abu-abu.
Object: The revolver
Image: As rigidly as
64
Point of Similarity: A statue
From this part, the simile comes up by the description of Ivan “The revolver pointing as rigidly as
if the giant were a statue”. In this case “the revolver pointing rigidly” is described having similarity
with the statue. It looks that the way Ivan held his revolver and pointing rigidly to Rainsford is like
a giant statue, and Ivan also has that kind of big body like a giant. Being like a statue refers to the
way he holds his revolver that is not moving/shaky. Then in TL, the researcher translated the text
into “senapan yang menunjuk setegas patung raksasa” using the same image as in SL. By using
the similar image as the SL, the translator can give a clear image of this simile in TL.
Table 3.13
Simile 6
Par.
ST
TT
Rainsford's first impression was that the Kesan pertama Rainsford adalah bahwa
56
man was singularly handsome; his orang itu luar biasa tampan; yang kedua
second was that there was an original, adalah asli tapi agak aneh tentang wajah sang
almost bizarre quality about the general's Jenderal. Dia seorang pria yang tinggi dengan
face. He was a tall man past middle age, usia menengah keatas, rambutnya putih;
for his hair was a vivid white; but his tetapi alisnya tipis dan kumis militernya yang
thick eyebrows and pointed military hitam
terlihat
bagai
malam
darimana
mustache were as black as the night from Rainsford datang. Matanya juga hitam dan
which Rainsford had come. His eyes, sangat terang. Dia memiliki tulang pipi yang
too, were black and very bright. He had besar, hidung mancung, kurus, muka gelap—
high cheekbones, a sharpcut nose, a wajah seorang pria yang digunakan untuk
spare, dark face--the face of a man used memberikan perintah, wajah bangsawan.
to give orders, the face of an aristocrat. Beralih ke raksasa berseragam, sang Jenderal
Turning to the giant in uniform, the memberi
tanda.
Lalu
si
raksasa
general made a sign. The giant put away menyingkirkan pistolnya, memberi hormat,
his pistol, saluted, withdrew.
dan mundur.
Object: The eyebrows and the mustache
Image: The night
65
Point of Similarity: Strict/Dark
By using this procedure to translate simile in table 3.13, Rainsford is trying to compare General
Zaroff’s black mustache with the night. Then it translated to TL “alisnya tipis dan kumis militernya
yang hitam terlihat bagai malam darimana Rainsford datang”. The way the translator translated
the text is literally using the same image in SL. In this paragraph, this simile is Rainsford’s
description of General Zaroff when they met for the first time. His eyebrows as well as his
mustache are thick and dark like the night at that time. With his appearance as a characteristic of
General Zaroff.
Table 3.14
Simile 7
Par.
ST
TT
Laughter shook the general. "How Sang
115
jenderal
tertawa
terbahak-bahak.
extraordinarily droll you are!" he said. “Betapa sangat lucunya anda!” kata sang
"One does not expect nowadays to find a jenderal. “Bahkan di Amerika sekarang, tidak
young man of the educated class, even in satupun
yang
America, with such a naive, and, if I may menemukan
mengharapkan
seorang
pria
muda
untuk
yang
say so, mid-Victorian point of view. It's berpendidikan, dan senaif itu. Dan kalau
like finding a snuffbox in a limousine. boleh aku bilang dengan sudut pandang
Ah, well, doubtless you had Puritan jaman Victoria pertengahan. Ini seperti
ancestors. So many Americans appear to menemukan kotak tembakau di mobil
have had. I'll wager you'll forget your limosin. Ah, oke. kau pasti keturunan
notions when you go hunting with me. Puritan.
Banyak
orang
Amerika
yang
You've a genuine new thrill in store for sepertimu. Aku jamin kau akan melupakan
you, Mr. Rainsford."
idemu ketika kau pergi berburu denganku.
Kau memiliki sensasi sejati baru yang belum
terungkapkan dalam dirimu tuan Rainsford.”
Object: It (Rainsford’s point of view)
Image: A snuffbox in limousine
66
Point of Similarity: Old-fashioned
This simile portrays Zaroff’s perception about what he feels of Rainsford’s old-fashioned views.
Zaroff tries to compare Rainsford’s point of view who is being naïve about human’s hunting in
this modern-day at that time with a snuffbox in limousine. Snuffbox here is reputed as something
old and the limousine which is identic with the modern one.
The translator translates this simile with the same image in TL because how this paragraph tells
and the supporting sentences about Zaroff’s words in this simile part is clear for the readers to
understand why Zaroff compares Rainsford point of view with Snuffbox in limousine.
Table 3.15
Simile 8
Par.
ST
TT
An apprehensive night crawled slowly Malam yang menakutkan berjalan lambat
170
by like a wounded snake and sleep did seperti ular yang terluka dan Rainsford tidak
not visit Rainsford, although the silence mengantuk, meskipun keheningan akan
of a dead world was on the jungle. dunia yang mati ada di hutan. Menjelang pagi
Toward morning when a dingy gray was ketika abu-abu suram menghiasi langit, suara
varnishing the sky, the cry of some kicauan
startled
bird
focused
beberapa
Rainsford's mengagetkan
attention in that direction.
Object
: An apprehensive night
Image
: A wounded snake
Point of Similarity
: Slower
ekor
burung
mengalihkan
yang
perhatian
Rainsford ke arah suara tersebut.
By understanding the whole story, the translator concludes that in table 3.15, the night here being
compare with a wounded snake. The night where Rainsford and General Zaroff play hunting each
other and Rainsford feels freezing being hunted by Zaroff and the night for him feels like run
slower and slower. Like a wounded snake which is plodding than usual (where snakes usually
slither faster). The translator translated the text as the same image in TL because it already gives
the clear image for the reader to understand the meaning of ST into TT.
67