KONSEP PERENCANAAN DAN PERANCANGAN TAMAN BERMAIN DI SUKOHARJO DENGAN PENDEKATAN ARSITEKTUR HIJAU.
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KONSEP PERENCANAAN DAN PERANCANGAN
TAMAN BERMAIN DI SUKOHARJO
DENGAN PENDEKATAN ARSITEKTUR HIJAU
TUGAS AKHIR
Diajukan sebagai syarat untuk memenuhi
gelas Sarjana Teknik Arsitektur
Universitas Sebelas Maret
OLEH :
TRI HESTI SHINTA DEWI
I0209073
JURUSAN ARSITEKTUR FAKULTAS TEKNIK
UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET
SURAKARTA
2015
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KEMENTRIAN PENDIDIKAN DAN KEBUDAYAAN
UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET
FAKULTAS TEKNIK JURUSAN ARSITEKTUR
PROGRAM STUDI ARSITEKTUR
Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A Surakarta 57126, Telp/Fax (0271) 643666, Email: [email protected]
KONSEP PERANCANGAN DAN PERANCANGAN
TAMAN BERMAIN DI SUKOHARJO DENGAN PENDEKATAN
ARSITEKTUR HIJAU
PENYUSUN
: TRI HESTI SHINTA DEWI
NIM
: I0209073
JURUSAN
: ARSITEKTUR
PROGRAM STUDI : ARSITEKTUR
TAHUN
: 2015
Surakata, Januari 2015
Menyetujui,
Dosen Pembimbing I
Dosen Pembimbing II
Ir. Maya Andria Nirawati, M. Eng
NIP. 19600513 198803 2 001
Dr. Eng.Kusumaningdyah NH, ST. MT
NIP. 19791203 200801 1 001
Mengesahkan,
Ketua Jurusan Arsitektur
Fakultas Teknik UNS
Ketua Program Studi Arsitektur
Fakultas Teknik UNS
Ir. Rachmadi Nugroho, MT
Dr. Ir. Mohamad Muqoffa, MT
NIP. 19620610 199103 1 001
NIP. 19560821 198601 1 001
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HALAMAN PERSEMBAHAN
Tugas akhir ini saya persembahkan untuk orang-orang yang menyayangi,
mendukung, dan menguatkan saya. The first of all ALLAH SWT, Sang Maha
Kuasa yang telah memberikan anugerah dan karunia yang luar biasa di setiap
nafas hidupku. Bapak dan Ibu, yang setia menemani baik secara langsung atau
tidak langsung. Terimakasih untuk setiap doa, dukungan, semangat, dan semua
yang tidak mungkin saya sebutkan satu per satu, semoga Allah SWT
membalasnya dengan karuniaNya yang sangat lebih. Amin. Kedua kakaku Mbak
Santi dan Mas Agung, terimakasih sudah menjadi kakak yang baik untukku,
selalu memberikan arahan yang baik untuk adiknya. Seseorang yang paling dekat
setelah keluargaku, terimakasih untuk waktu, perhatian, kesabaran, dan
dukungannya. Teman-teman kost Gracia Revala yang sudah saya anggap sebagai
keluarga sendiri, terimakasih atas semangat yang diberikan dalam bentuk apapun.
Dan sayan ucapkan banyak terimakasih untuk teman-teman angkatan 2009 yang
tidak bisa saya sebut satu per satu yang telah menghibur, mengajari, dan setia
membantu saya.
Penulis
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KATA PENGANTAR
Alhamdulillahirobbil’alamin, segala puji hanya bagi Allah SWT semesta
alam atas segala rahmat yang telah dicurahkan. Termasuk kesempatan untuk dapat
menyelesaikan lembaran-lembaran Tugas Akhir untuk memenuhi gelar Sarjana
Teknik Arsitektur. Semoga sedikit yang penulis lakukan ini senantiasa dalam
bingkai-bingkai ibadah kepada-Mu Ya Rabb.
Dalam menyusun Tugas Akhir ini, penulis banyak mendapatkan bantuan
dari berbagai pihak baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung. Oleh karena itu,
penulis pada kesempatan ini ingin mengucapkan terima kasih yang sebesarbesarnya kepada :
1. Allah SWT, atas semua rahmat, hidayah, dan ridho-Nya.
2. Dr. Ir. Mohamad Muqoffa, MT selaku Ketua Jurusan Arsitektur Fakultas
Teknik Universitas Sebelas Maret.
3. Ir. Rachmadi Nugroho, MT selaku Ketua Prodi Arsitektur Fakultas Teknik
Universitas Sebelas Maret.
4. Ir. Ana Hardiana, MT dan Ir. Hari Yuliarso, MT selaku koordinator Mata
Kuliah Tugas Akhir.
5. Ir. Maya Andria Nirawati, M. Eng dan Dr. Eng. Kusumaningdyah Nurul
H, ST. MT selaku dosen pembimbing Tugas Akhir.
6. Semua pihak yang telah membantu Penulis menyelesaikan Tugas Akhir
ini.
Dalam penyusunan laporan ini penulis sadar akan banyaknya kekurangan,
maka perkenankan penulis meminta maaf atas kekurangan-kekurangannya.
Akhir kata semoga Tugas Akhir ini bermanfaat.
Penulis
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DAFTAR ISI
HALAMAN PENGESAHAN .................................................................................................. i
HALAMAN PERSEMBAHAN ............................................................................................... i
KATA PENGANTAR .............................................................................................................. i
DAFTAR ISI............................................................................................................................. i
DAFTAR GAMBAR ............................................................................................................... v
DAFTAR BAGAN .................................................................................................................. x
DAFTAR TABEL.................................................................................................................... x
BAB I
PENDAHULUAN ............................................................................................................... I - 1
1.1.
DEFINISI DAN PEMAHAMAN JUDUL...............................................................I - 1
1.1.1. Definisi ................................................................................................................ I - 1
1.1.2. Pemahaman Judul ................................................................................................ I - 2
1.2.
LATAR BELAKANG............................................................................................. I - 2
1.2.1. Tidak Adanya Wadah Untuk Area Bermain Anak di Sukoharjo ........................ I - 2
1.2.2. Minimnya Ruang Hijau Kota Di Sukoharjo ........................................................ I - 3
1.2.3. Perlunya Ruang Publik Sebagai Tempat Wisata yang Mendidik dan Dilengkapi
Dengan Fasilitas yang Relevan ........................................................................... I - 4
1.2.4. Potensi Wisata Edukasi Di Sukoharjo ................................................................. I - 5
1.2.5. Landasan Pemilihan Arsitektur Hijau Sebagai Metode Pendekatan ................... I - 5
1.3.
PERMASALAHAN DAN PERSOALAN...............................................................I - 5
1.3.1. Permasalahan ....................................................................................................... I - 5
1.3.2. Persoalan ............................................................................................................. I - 6
1.4.
TUJUAN DAN SASARAN.....................................................................................I - 6
1.4.1. Tujuan.................................................................................................................. I - 6
1.4.2. Sasaran................................................................................................................. I - 6
1.5.
BATASAN DAN LINGKUP PEMBAHASAN.......................................................I - 7
1.5.1. Batasan ................................................................................................................ I - 7
1.5.2. Lingkup Pembahasan .......................................................................................... I - 8
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1.6.
METODE PENYELESAIAN...................................................................................I - 8
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1.6.1. Penelusuran Masalah ........................................................................................... I - 8
1.6.2. Pengumpulan Data .............................................................................................. I - 8
1.6.3. Analisis Data ....................................................................................................... I - 9
1.7.
SISTEMATIKA PENULISAN.................................................................................I - 9
1.7.1. Perumusan Konsep Perencanaan dan Perancangan............................................. I - 9
1.7.2. Skema Kerangka Pikir ..................................................................................... ..I - 12
BAB II
TINJAUAN TEORI ........................................................................................................... II - 1
2.1.
Taman Bermain........................................................................................................II - 1
2.1.1. Tinjauan Taman ................................................................................................. II - 1
2.1.2. Unsur Perancangan Taman ................................................................................ II - 2
2.1.3. Prinsip Perancangan Taman .............................................................................. II - 5
2.1.4. Ruang Terbuka dan Pola Sirkulasi Dalam Taman ............................................ II - 9
2.1.5. Perancangan Taman ........................................................................................ II - 13
2.1.6. Tinjauan Bermain ............................................................................................ II - 13
2.1.7. Manfaat Bermain ............................................................................................. II - 14
2.1.8. Perkembangan Bermain .................................................................................. II - 14
2.1.9. Ragam Permainan............................................................................................ II - 15
2.1.10. Kesimpulan ................................................................................................... II - 19
2.2.
REKREATIF DAN EDUKATIF.........................................................................II - 20
2.2.1. Tinjauan Rekreatif ........................................................................................... II - 20
2.2.2. Ciri-Ciri Rekreasi ............................................................................................ II - 20
2.2.3. Jenis-Jenis Rekreasi ......................................................................................... II - 21
2.2.4. Tinjauan Edukatif ............................................................................................ II - 21
2.2.5. Kesimpulan ...................................................................................................... II - 23
2.3.
PRESEDEN...........................................................................................................II - 24
2.3.1. Taman Pintar Yogyakarta................................................................................ II - 24
2.3.2. Taman Budaya Edutaiment Center Bogor ...................................................... II - 26
2.3.3. Singapore Science Center ............................................................................... II - 27
2.3.4. Eco Green Park Malang Jawa Timur .............................................................. II - 29
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2.3.5. Hasil Penelitian Preseden ................................................................................
II - 30
2.4. ARSITEKTUR HIJAU ............................................................................................. II - 30
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2.4.1. Pengertian Arsitektur Hijau................................................................................II – 30
2.4.2. Prinsip-Prinsip Arsitektur Hijau ...................................................................... II - 31
2.4.3. Rancangan Arsitektur Hijau Di Kawasan Tropis Lembab (Indonesia) ........... II - 33
2.4.4. Konsep Arsitektur Diterapkan Pada Landscape .............................................. II - 37
2.4.5. Konsep Arsitektur Diterapkan Pada Bangunan ............................................... II - 41
BAB III
TINJAUAN UMUM KABUPATEN SUKOHARJO ....................................................... III - 1
3.1.
SEJARAH SINGKAT SUKOHARJO...................................................................III - 2
3.2.
KONDISI FISIK SUKOHARJO............................................................................III - 3
3.2.1. Kondisi Fisik .................................................................................................... III - 3
3.2.2. Pembagian Administrasi Wilayah .................................................................... III - 3
3.2.3. Fasilitas Wisata dan Rekreasi ........................................................................... III - 6
3.2.4. Potensi Aspek Fisik .......................................................................................... III - 6
3.2.5. Potensi Aspek Prasarana Wilayah .................................................................... III - 7
3.3. KONDISI NON FISIK SUKOHARJO...................................................................... III - 7
3.3.1. Kependudukan .................................................................................................. III - 7
3.3.2. Kondisi Rekreasi dan Edukasi di Sukoharjo .................................................... III - 8
3.4. PERENCANAAN UMUM TATA RUANG DI KABUPATEN SUKOHARJO ...... III - 9
BAB IV
GAMBARAN UMUM PERENCANAAN DAN PERANCANGAN TAMAN
BERMAIN..........................................................................................................................IV - 1
4.1. GAMBARAN UMUM OBYEK TAMAN BERMAIN..............................................IV - 1
4.2. PERAN DAN FUNGSI OBYEK TAMAN BERMAIN ........................................... IV - 2
4.2.1. Peran ................................................................................................................. IV - 2
4.2.2. Fungsi ............................................................................................................... IV - 2
4.3. STATUS OBYEK TAMAN BERMAIN .................................................................. IV - 3
4.3.1. Status Kepemilikan........................................................................................... IV - 3
4.3.2. Status Pengelolaan ............................................................................................ IV - 3
4.4. STRUKTUR ORGANISASI OBYEK TAMAN BERMAIN....................................IV - 4
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4.5. KEGIATAN PADA OBYEK TAMAN BERMAIN..................................................IV - 4
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4.5.1. Macam Kegiatan............................................................................................... IV - 4
4.5.2. Pelaku Kegiatan ................................................................................................ IV - 5
4.6. JENIS PERMAINAN YANG DIRENCANAKAN PADA TAMAN .....................IV – 7
4.7. TAMAN BERMAIN YANG DIRENCANAKAN.................................................. IV - 13
4.7.1. Kriteria Lokasi dan Site.................................................................................. IV - 13
4.7.2. Perencanaan Taman/Landscape, Bangunan, dan Sirkulasi ............................ IV - 13
BAB V
ANALISIS PENDEKATAN KONSEP PERANCANGAN DAN PERANCANGAN
TAMAN BERMAIN ......................................................................................................... V - 1
5.1. ANALISIS MIKRO.....................................................................................................V - 1
5.1.1. Analisis Pelaku Kegiatan................................................................................... V - 1
5.1.2. Analisis Kegiatan .............................................................................................. V - 4
5.1.3. Analisis Pola Hubungan Kegiatan ..................................................................... V - 8
5.1.4. Analisis Kebutuhan Ruang ................................................................................ V - 9
5.1.5. Analisis Besaran Ruang
................................................................................V - 17
Analisis Jumlah Pelaku Kegiatan................................................................................V - 17
Analisis Penentuan Besaran Ruang............................................................................V - 18
5.2. ANALISIS MAKRO..................................................................................................V - 27
5.2.1. Analisis Penentuan Lokasi .............................................................................. V - 27
5.2.2. Analisis Pemilihan Site.................................................................................... V - 28
5.2.3. Eksisting Site ................................................................................................... V - 29
5.2.4. Analisis Pencapaian Site .................................................................................. V - 33
5.2.5. Analisis Orientasi Site ..................................................................................... V - 35
5.2.6. Analisis Klimatologi........................................................................................ V - 37
5.2.7. Analisis Landscape.......................................................................................... V - 42
5.2.8. Analisis Penzoningan ...................................................................................... V - 47
5.2.9. Analisis Sirkulasi ............................................................................................ V - 48
5.3. ANALISIS PENDEKATAN KONSEP TAMPILAN KAWASAN..........................V - 49
5.3.1. Konsep Penampilan Bangunan ....................................................................... V - 49
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5.3.2. Konsep Sirkulasi Kawasan .............................................................................
V - 50
5.3.3. Konsep Gubahan Massa ................................................................................. V - 51
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5.3.4. Analisis Penentuan Konsep Perwujudan Massa terhadap lingkungan...........V - 52
5.4. SISTEM STRUKTUR DAN UTILITAS.................................................................V - 53
5.4.1. Sistem Struktur................................................................................................V - 54
5.4.2. Sistem Utilitas
........................................................................................V – 59
BAB VI
KONSEP PERENCANAAN DAN PERANCANGAN TAMAN
BERMAIN.........................................................................................................................VI - 1
6.1. KONSEP PERENCANAAN......................................................................................VI - 1
6.2. KONSEP PERANCANGAN
...............................................................................VI - 2
6.2.1. Pelaku Kegiatan................................................................................................VI - 2
6.2.2. Kelompok Kegiatan..........................................................................................VI - 2
6.2.3. Konsep Kebutuhan Ruang................................................................................VI - 2
6.2.4. Konsep Pengolahan Site...................................................................................VI - 6
6.3. KONSEP TAMPILAN KAWASAN
.................................................................VI - 17
6.3.1. Konsep Penampilan Bangunan.......................................................................VI - 17
6.3.2. Konsep Sirkulasi Kawasan.............................................................................VI - 18
6.3.3. Konsep Gubahan Massa.................................................................................VI - 18
6.3.4. Konsep Landscape.........................................................................................VI - 20
6.4. KONSEP STRUKTUR DAN UTILITAS...............................................................VI - 21
6.4.1. Konsep Struktur..............................................................................................VI - 21
6.4.2.
Konsep Utilitas.......................................................................................VI – 21
DAFTAR GAMBAR:
Gambar 2. 1 : Elemen Taman Lunak ................................................................................. II - 1
Gambar 2. 2 : Elemen Taman Keras .................................................................................. II - 2
Gambar 2. 3 : Ruang Dalam Taman ................................................................................ II - 10
Gambar 2. 4 : Pergerakan Sirkulasi ................................................................................. II - 11
Gambar 2. 5 : Taman Pasif .............................................................................................. II - 13
Gambar 2. 6 : Taman Aktif .............................................................................................. II - 13
Gambar 2. 7 : Bermain (games) .......................................................................................
II - 16
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Gambar 2. 8 : Bermain (play) .......................................................................................... II - 16
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Gambar 2. 9 : Spektrum Warna ....................................................................................... II - 17
Gambar 2. 10 : Generator................................................................................................. II - 17
Gambar 2. 11 : Kerajinan Batik ....................................................................................... II - 17
Gambar 2. 12 : Permainan Low Impact ........................................................................... II - 18
Gambar 2. 13 : Permainan High Ropes ............................................................................ II - 18
Gambar 2. 14 : Permainan Adventure .............................................................................. II - 19
Gambar 2. 15 : Playground Taman Pintar ....................................................................... II - 24
Gambar 2. 16 : Gedung Oval Taman Pintar .................................................................... II - 25
Gambar 2. 17 : Gedung Kotak Taman Pintar .................................................................. II - 25
Gambar 2. 18 : Area Taman Budaya ............................................................................... II - 27
Gambar 2. 19 : Zona Science Center ............................................................................... II - 28
Gambar 2. 20 : Zona Teater Imax .................................................................................... II - 28
Gambar 2. 21 : Zona Snow City ...................................................................................... II - 28
Gambar 2. 22 : Bangunan pembelian tiket, tiang penyangga menggunakan
menggunakan bahan bekas berupa potongan/sisa kayu bekas ........................................ II - 29
Gambar 2. 23 : Patung-patung yang ada di Eco Green Park terbuat dari barang
barang bekas .................................................................................................................... II - 29
Gambar 2. 24 : Rongga Ventilasi Atap Miring ................................................................ II - 34
Gambar 2. 25 : Rumah Bambu ........................................................................................ II - 35
Gambar 2. 26 : Roof Garden ............................................................................................ II - 36
Gambar 2. 27 : Cara Kerja Photovoltoic .......................................................................... II - 36
Gambar 2. 28 : Cara Kerja Wind Power .......................................................................... II - 36
Gambar 2. 29 : Roof Garden ............................................................................................ II - 39
Gambar 2. 30 : Grass Block ............................................................................................. II - 39
Gambar 2. 31 : Elemen Air .............................................................................................. II - 40
Gambar 2. 32 : Lampu Tenaga Surya Matahari ............................................................... II - 40
Gambar 2. 33 : Rumah Rempah Karya ............................................................................ II - 46
Gambar 2. 34 : Pemanfaatan Botol Bekas Untuk Mempercantik Dinding ...................... II - 46
Gambar 2. 35 : Pemanfaatan Ban Bekas Sebagai Pondasi Bangunan ............................. II - 47
Gambar 3. 1 : Peta Kabupaten Sukoharjo..........................................................................III - 1
Gambar 3. 2 : Letak Kecamatan-Kecamatan Di Sukoharjo .............................................. III - 5
Gambar 3. 3 : Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah Kabupaten Sukoharjo ................................ III - 9
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Gambar 4. 1 : Bermain Air ...............................................................................................
IV - 8
Gambar 4. 2 : Bermain Pasir ............................................................................................. IV - 8
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Gambar 4. 3 : Ayunan .............................................................................................. .........IV - 8
Gambar 4. 4 : Jungkat-Jungkit .......................................................................................... IV - 8
Gambar 4. 5 : Permainan Tapak ....................................................................................... IV - 8
Gambar 4. 6 : Labirin ........................................................................................................ IV - 8
Gambar 4. 7 : Balok Keseimbangan ................................................................................. IV - 8
Gambar 4. 8 : Seluncuran Dan Panjatan ........................................................................... IV - 8
Gambar 4. 9 : Rumah Pohon ............................................................................................. IV - 8
Gambar 4. 10 : Koridor Air............................................................................................... IV - 8
Gambar 4. 11 : Dinding Berdendang ................................................................................ IV - 8
Gambar 4. 12 : Museum Insect ......................................................................................... IV - 8
Gambar 4. 13 : Tata Surya ................................................................................................ IV - 8
Gambar 4. 14 : Sejarah Hidup Manusia ............................................................................ IV - 8
Gambar 4. 15 : Transportasi.............................................................................................. IV - 9
Gambar 4. 16 : Telekomunikasi ........................................................................................ IV - 9
Gambar 4. 17 : Fisika ........................................................................................................ IV - 9
Gambar 4. 18 : Biologi...................................................................................................... IV - 9
Gambar 4. 19 : Matematika .............................................................................................. IV - 9
Gambar 4. 20 : Kimia...................................................................................................... IV - 10
Gambar 4. 21 : Perpustakaan .......................................................................................... IV - 10
Gambar 4. 22 : Shopping ................................................................................................ IV - 10
Gambar 4. 23 : Zoo Area................................................................................................. IV - 11
Gambar 4. 24 : Metamorfosis Burung ............................................................................ IV - 11
Gambar 4. 25 : Pasar Burung .......................................................................................... IV - 11
Gambar 4. 26 : Human Leader ........................................................................................ IV - 11
Gambar 4. 27 : Mini Labirin ........................................................................................... IV - 11
Gambar 4. 28 : Roda Manusia ........................................................................................ IV - 11
Gambar 4. 29 : Trust Fall ............................................................................................... IV - 11
Gambar 4. 30 : Pipa Line ................................................................................................ IV - 11
Gambar 4. 31 : Two Lines Bridge ................................................................................... IV - 11
Gambar 4. 32 : Flying Fox .............................................................................................. IV - 11
Gambar 4. 33 : Burma Bridge ......................................................................................... IV - 11
Gambar 4. 34 : Log Step ................................................................................................. IV - 11
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Gambar 4. 35 : Wall Climbing ........................................................................................
IV - 11
Gambar 4. 36 : Spider Web ............................................................................................. IV - 11
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Gambar 4. 37 : Swinging Plank ...................................................................................... IV - 11
Gambar 4. 38 : Paint Ball ............................................................................................... IV - 12
Gambar 4. 39 : Hiking .................................................................................................... IV - 12
Gambar 4. 40 : Pedesaan ................................................................................................. IV - 12
Gambar 4. 41 : Pesisir Pantai .......................................................................................... IV - 12
Gambar 4. 42 : Hutan ...................................................................................................... IV - 12
Gambar 4. 43 : Persawahan ............................................................................................ IV - 12
Gambar 4. 44 : Plant Area .............................................................................................. IV - 12
Gambar 4. 45 : Galeri Daur Ulang .................................................................................. IV - 12
Gambar 4. 46 : Contoh Olahan Daur Ulang ................................................................... IV - 13
Gambar 4. 47 : Rencana Penataan Massa ....................................................................... IV - 14
Gambar 4. 48 : Rencana Penataan Massa Bangunan ...................................................... IV - 15
Gambar 4. 49 : Sirkulasi Radial Di Dalam Bangunan .................................................... IV - 15
Gambar 4. 50 : Sirkulasi Tunggal Di Luar Bangunan .................................................... IV - 16
Gambar 4. 51 : Skrwalk Yang Direncanakan ................................................................. IV - 16
Gambar 5. 1 : Lokasi Site.................................................................................................V - 28
Gambar 5. 2 : Batasan Site ............................................................................................... V - 29
Gambar 5. 3 : Topografi Site............................................................................................ V - 30
Gambar 5. 4 : Kontur Site Eksisting ................................................................................ V - 30
Gambar 5. 5 : Potongan Site Eksisting............................................................................. V - 31
Gambar 5. 6 : arah Kemiringan Lahan dan Daerah Konservasi Sungai Pada Site...........V - 31
Gambar 5. 7 : Pengaruh Kontur Dalam Perletakan Massa dan Drainase ........................ V - 32
Gambar 5. 8 : Analisis Eksisting Vegetasi....................................................................... V - 33
Gambar 5. 9 : Hasil Analisis Pencapaian Site .................................................................. V - 34
Gambar 5. 10 : Analisi Pencapaian Site ........................................................................... V - 34
Gambar 5. 11 : Analisis View From Site dan Analisis View To Site .............................. V - 35
Gambar 5. 12 : Hasil Analisis Orientasi Site ................................................................... V - 36
Gambar 5. 12 : Analisi Matahari...................................................................................... V - 37
Gambar 5. 13 : Penggunaan Shading Sebagai Peneduh .................................................. V - 38
Gambar 5. 14 : Penggunaan Vegetasi Sebagai Barier ..................................................... V - 38
Gambar 5. 15 : Pencahayaan Langsung ........................................................................... V - 39
Gambar 5. 16 : Pencahayaan Tidak Langsung................................................................. V - 39
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Gambar 5. 18 : Analisis Angin ........................................................................................
V - 40
Gambar 5. 19 : Cross Ventilation .................................................................................... V - 40
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Gambar 5. 20 : Vegetasi Penyaring dan Pengarah Angin ................................................ V - 41
Gambar 5. 21 : Aliran Angin Terhadap Kawasan dan Bangunan.................................... V - 41
Gambar 5. 22 : Analisis Hujan ......................................................................................... V - 42
Gambar 5. 23 : Perletakan Zona Kegiatan Dalam Site .................................................... V - 47
Gambar 5. 24 : Bangunan Dengan Sistem Panggung ...................................................... V - 50
Gambar 5. 25 : Skywalk................................................................................................... V - 50
Gambar 5. 26 : Analisis Konsep Bentuk Dasar Massa .................................................... V - 52
Gambar 5. 27 : Konsep Perwujudan Massa Bangunan Yang Merespon Iklim ............... V - 53
Gambar 5. 28 : Foolplat Dan Umpak Sebagai Alternatif Sub-Structure ......................... V - 54
Gambar 5. 29 : Struktur Rangka Struktur Panggung Sbg Alternatif Mid-Structure........ V - 56
Gambar 5. 30 : Selimut Bangunan Untuk Mid-Structure ................................................ V - 56
Gambar 5. 31 : Analisis Respon Bentuk Atap Terhadap Matahri ................................... V - 57
Gambar 5. 32 : Analisis Respon Bentuk Bangunan Terhadap Angin.............................. V - 57
Gambar 5. 33 : Analisis Respon Bentuk Bangunan Terhadap Hujan .............................. V - 58
Gambar 5. 34 : Jenis Atap Yang Digunakan.................................................................... V - 58
Gambar 6. 1 : Lokasi Site................................................................................................VI - 6
Gambar 6. 2 : Site Terpilih................................................................................................ VI - 7
Gambar 6. 3 : Topografi Eksisting Site............................................................................. VI - 8
Gambar 6. 4 : Konsep Pencapaian Site ............................................................................. VI - 8
Gambar 6. 5 : Konsep Orientasi Site................................................................................. VI - 9
Gambar 6. 6 : Analisis Matahari ....................................................................................... V- 10
Gambar 6. 7 : Respom Desain Terhadap Matahari ......................................................... VI - 10
Gambar 6. 8 : Analisis Angin ......................................................................................... VI - 11
Gambar 6. 9 : Respon Desain Terhadap Angin .............................................................. VI - 11
Gambar 6. 10 : Analisis Hujan ........................................................................................ VI - 12
Gambar 6. 11 : Respon Desai Terhadap Hujan............................................................... VI - 12
Gambar 6. 12 : Tanaman Pengarah Dan Pembatas ......................................................... VI - 13
Gambar 6. 13 : Tanaman Pembatas Rendah ................................................................... VI - 13
Gambar 6. 14 : Tanaman Pembatas Sedang..................................................................... V - 13
Gambar 6. 15 : Tanaman Pembatas Tinggi ..................................................................... VI - 14
Gambar 6. 16 : Tanaman Peneduh .................................................................................. VI - 14
Gambar 6. 17 : Tanaman Groundcover/Alas/Pelantai .................................................... VI - 15
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Gambar 6. 18 : Tanaman Pendekorasi/Penanda
Zoning
................................................. VI - 15
Gambar 6. 19 : Perletakan Zona Kegiatan ...................................................................... VI - 16
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Gambar 6. 20 : Sirkulasi Dalam Site ............................................................................... VI - 17
Gambar 6. 21 : Skywalk.................................................................................................. VI - 18
Gambar 6. 22 : Bentuk Dasar Dan Atap Bangunan Penerima ........................................ VI - 19
Gambar 6. 23 : Bentuk Dasar dan Atap Bangunan Pameran Sains ................................ VI - 19
Gambar 6. 24: Bentuk Dasar Dan Atap Bangunan Pengelola ........................................ VI - 19
Gambar 6. 25 : Bentuk Dasar Dan Atap Bangunan Foodcourt....................................... VI - 20
Gambar 6. 26 : Bentuk Dasar Dan Atap Bangunan Perpustakaan .................................. VI - 20
Gambar 6. 27 : Bentuk Dasar Dan Atap Bangunan Servis ............................................. VI - 20
DAFTAR BAGAN:
Bagan 1.1 : Skema Kerangka Pikir .................................................................................... I - 12
Bagan 4.1 : Struktur Organisasi ........................................................................................ IV - 4
Bagan 5.1 : Pola Kegiatan Keseluruhan ............................................................................ V - 8
Bagan 5.2 : Pola Kegiatan Pengunjung.............................................................................. V - 9
Bagan 5.3 : Pola Kegiatan Pengelola ................................................................................. V - 9
Bagan 5.4 : Bubble Ruang Kegiatan Penerima ................................................................ V - 14
Bagan 5.5 : Bubble Ruang Kegiatan Bermain Dan Belajar ............................................. V - 15
Bagan 5.6 : Bubble Ruang Kegiatan Eksplorai Alam Dan Rekreasi ............................... V - 15
Bagan 5.7 : Bubble Ruang Kegiatan Penunjang .............................................................. V - 16
Bagan 5.8 : Bubble Ruang Kegiatan Pengelola ............................................................... V - 16
Bagan 5.9 : Jaringan Listrik ............................................................................................. V - 59
Bagan 5.10 : Jaringan Komunikasi .................................................................................. V - 60
Bagan 5.11 : Sistem Air Bersih........................................................................................ V - 61
Bagan 5.12 : Sistem Air Kotor Dan Hujan ...................................................................... V - 62
Bagan 6.1 : Jaringan Listrik ............................................................................................ VI - 22
Bagan 6.2 : Jaringan Komunikasi ................................................................................... VI - 23
Bagan 6.3 : Sistem Air Bersih......................................................................................... VI - 24
Bagan 6.4 : Sistem Air Kotor Dan Hujan ....................................................................... VI - 25
DAFTAR TABEL:
Tabel 3. 1 : Jumlah Penduduk Kabupaten Sukoharjo .................................................... ...III - 8
Tabel 4. 1 : Kegiatan Bermain Dan Belajar ...................................................................... IV - 8
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Tabel 4. 2 : Kegiatan Rekreasi Alam Dan Rekreasi ....................................................... IV - 10
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Tabel 5. 1 : Pengelompokan Pengunjung .......................................................................... V - 1
Tabel 5. 2 : Pengelompokan Pengelola .............................................................................. V - 3
Tabel 5. 3 : Kegiatan Penerima .......................................................................................... V - 4
Tabel 5. 4 : Kegiatan Bermain Dan Belajar ....................................................................... V - 4
Tabel 5. 5 : Kegiatan Eksplorasi Alam Dan Rekreasi ....................................................... V - 7
Tabel 5. 6 : Kegiatan Penunjang Dan Servis ..................................................................... V - 7
Tabel 5. 7 : Kegiatan Penglola ........................................................................................... V - 8
Tabel 5. 8 : Kegiatan Ruang ............................................................................................ V - 10
Tabel 5. 9 : Jumlah Pengelola .......................................................................................... V - 18
Tabel 5. 10 : Kebutuhan Ruang Kegiatan Penerima ........................................................ V - 19
Tabel 5. 11 : Kebutuhan Ruang Kegiatan Bermain Dan Belajar ..................................... V - 19
Tabel 5. 12 : Kebutuhan Ruang Kegiatan Eksplorasi Alam Dan Rekreasi ..................... V - 21
Tabel 5. 13 : Kebutuhan Ruang Kegiatan Penunjang ...................................................... V - 22
Tabel 5. 14 : Kebutuhan Ruang Kegiatan Pengelola ....................................................... V - 23
Tabel 5. 15 : Kebutuhan Ruang Kegiatan Servis ............................................................. V - 24
Tabel 5. 16 : Kebutuhan Ruang Parkir Pengunjung ........................................................ V - 26
Tabel 5. 17 : Kebutuhan Ruang Parkir Pengelola ............................................................ V - 26
Tabel 5. 18 : Total Besaran Ruang Keseluruhan ............................................................. V - 27
Tabel 5. 19 : Tanaman Pembentuk Aspek Arsitektural .................................................. V - 44
Tabel 5. 20 : Elemen Keras Landscape ........................................................................... V - 45
Tabel 5. 21 : Karakteristik Bentuk Dasar......................................................................... V - 51
Tabel 5. 22 : Perbedaan Pondasi Bangunan Pada Tapak Datar Dan Berlereng ............... V - 52
Tabel 6. 1 : Konsep Kebutuhan Ruang ............................................................................. VI - 5
Tabel 6. 2 : Konsep Kebutuhan Ruang ............................................................................. VI - 5
DARTAR PUSTAKA
LAMPIRAN
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KONSEP PERENCANAAN DAN PERANCANGAN
TAMAN BERMAIN DI SUKOHARJO
DENGAN PENDEKATAN ARSITEKTUR HIJAU
TUGAS AKHIR
Diajukan sebagai syarat untuk memenuhi
gelas Sarjana Teknik Arsitektur
Universitas Sebelas Maret
OLEH :
TRI HESTI SHINTA DEWI
I0209073
JURUSAN ARSITEKTUR FAKULTAS TEKNIK
UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET
SURAKARTA
2015
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KEMENTRIAN PENDIDIKAN DAN KEBUDAYAAN
UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET
FAKULTAS TEKNIK JURUSAN ARSITEKTUR
PROGRAM STUDI ARSITEKTUR
Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A Surakarta 57126, Telp/Fax (0271) 643666, Email: [email protected]
KONSEP PERANCANGAN DAN PERANCANGAN
TAMAN BERMAIN DI SUKOHARJO DENGAN PENDEKATAN
ARSITEKTUR HIJAU
PENYUSUN
: TRI HESTI SHINTA DEWI
NIM
: I0209073
JURUSAN
: ARSITEKTUR
PROGRAM STUDI : ARSITEKTUR
TAHUN
: 2015
Surakata, Januari 2015
Menyetujui,
Dosen Pembimbing I
Dosen Pembimbing II
Ir. Maya Andria Nirawati, M. Eng
NIP. 19600513 198803 2 001
Dr. Eng.Kusumaningdyah NH, ST. MT
NIP. 19791203 200801 1 001
Mengesahkan,
Ketua Jurusan Arsitektur
Fakultas Teknik UNS
Ketua Program Studi Arsitektur
Fakultas Teknik UNS
Ir. Rachmadi Nugroho, MT
Dr. Ir. Mohamad Muqoffa, MT
NIP. 19620610 199103 1 001
NIP. 19560821 198601 1 001
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HALAMAN PERSEMBAHAN
Tugas akhir ini saya persembahkan untuk orang-orang yang menyayangi,
mendukung, dan menguatkan saya. The first of all ALLAH SWT, Sang Maha
Kuasa yang telah memberikan anugerah dan karunia yang luar biasa di setiap
nafas hidupku. Bapak dan Ibu, yang setia menemani baik secara langsung atau
tidak langsung. Terimakasih untuk setiap doa, dukungan, semangat, dan semua
yang tidak mungkin saya sebutkan satu per satu, semoga Allah SWT
membalasnya dengan karuniaNya yang sangat lebih. Amin. Kedua kakaku Mbak
Santi dan Mas Agung, terimakasih sudah menjadi kakak yang baik untukku,
selalu memberikan arahan yang baik untuk adiknya. Seseorang yang paling dekat
setelah keluargaku, terimakasih untuk waktu, perhatian, kesabaran, dan
dukungannya. Teman-teman kost Gracia Revala yang sudah saya anggap sebagai
keluarga sendiri, terimakasih atas semangat yang diberikan dalam bentuk apapun.
Dan sayan ucapkan banyak terimakasih untuk teman-teman angkatan 2009 yang
tidak bisa saya sebut satu per satu yang telah menghibur, mengajari, dan setia
membantu saya.
Penulis
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KATA PENGANTAR
Alhamdulillahirobbil’alamin, segala puji hanya bagi Allah SWT semesta
alam atas segala rahmat yang telah dicurahkan. Termasuk kesempatan untuk dapat
menyelesaikan lembaran-lembaran Tugas Akhir untuk memenuhi gelar Sarjana
Teknik Arsitektur. Semoga sedikit yang penulis lakukan ini senantiasa dalam
bingkai-bingkai ibadah kepada-Mu Ya Rabb.
Dalam menyusun Tugas Akhir ini, penulis banyak mendapatkan bantuan
dari berbagai pihak baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung. Oleh karena itu,
penulis pada kesempatan ini ingin mengucapkan terima kasih yang sebesarbesarnya kepada :
1. Allah SWT, atas semua rahmat, hidayah, dan ridho-Nya.
2. Dr. Ir. Mohamad Muqoffa, MT selaku Ketua Jurusan Arsitektur Fakultas
Teknik Universitas Sebelas Maret.
3. Ir. Rachmadi Nugroho, MT selaku Ketua Prodi Arsitektur Fakultas Teknik
Universitas Sebelas Maret.
4. Ir. Ana Hardiana, MT dan Ir. Hari Yuliarso, MT selaku koordinator Mata
Kuliah Tugas Akhir.
5. Ir. Maya Andria Nirawati, M. Eng dan Dr. Eng. Kusumaningdyah Nurul
H, ST. MT selaku dosen pembimbing Tugas Akhir.
6. Semua pihak yang telah membantu Penulis menyelesaikan Tugas Akhir
ini.
Dalam penyusunan laporan ini penulis sadar akan banyaknya kekurangan,
maka perkenankan penulis meminta maaf atas kekurangan-kekurangannya.
Akhir kata semoga Tugas Akhir ini bermanfaat.
Penulis
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DAFTAR ISI
HALAMAN PENGESAHAN .................................................................................................. i
HALAMAN PERSEMBAHAN ............................................................................................... i
KATA PENGANTAR .............................................................................................................. i
DAFTAR ISI............................................................................................................................. i
DAFTAR GAMBAR ............................................................................................................... v
DAFTAR BAGAN .................................................................................................................. x
DAFTAR TABEL.................................................................................................................... x
BAB I
PENDAHULUAN ............................................................................................................... I - 1
1.1.
DEFINISI DAN PEMAHAMAN JUDUL...............................................................I - 1
1.1.1. Definisi ................................................................................................................ I - 1
1.1.2. Pemahaman Judul ................................................................................................ I - 2
1.2.
LATAR BELAKANG............................................................................................. I - 2
1.2.1. Tidak Adanya Wadah Untuk Area Bermain Anak di Sukoharjo ........................ I - 2
1.2.2. Minimnya Ruang Hijau Kota Di Sukoharjo ........................................................ I - 3
1.2.3. Perlunya Ruang Publik Sebagai Tempat Wisata yang Mendidik dan Dilengkapi
Dengan Fasilitas yang Relevan ........................................................................... I - 4
1.2.4. Potensi Wisata Edukasi Di Sukoharjo ................................................................. I - 5
1.2.5. Landasan Pemilihan Arsitektur Hijau Sebagai Metode Pendekatan ................... I - 5
1.3.
PERMASALAHAN DAN PERSOALAN...............................................................I - 5
1.3.1. Permasalahan ....................................................................................................... I - 5
1.3.2. Persoalan ............................................................................................................. I - 6
1.4.
TUJUAN DAN SASARAN.....................................................................................I - 6
1.4.1. Tujuan.................................................................................................................. I - 6
1.4.2. Sasaran................................................................................................................. I - 6
1.5.
BATASAN DAN LINGKUP PEMBAHASAN.......................................................I - 7
1.5.1. Batasan ................................................................................................................ I - 7
1.5.2. Lingkup Pembahasan .......................................................................................... I - 8
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1.6.
METODE PENYELESAIAN...................................................................................I - 8
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1.6.1. Penelusuran Masalah ........................................................................................... I - 8
1.6.2. Pengumpulan Data .............................................................................................. I - 8
1.6.3. Analisis Data ....................................................................................................... I - 9
1.7.
SISTEMATIKA PENULISAN.................................................................................I - 9
1.7.1. Perumusan Konsep Perencanaan dan Perancangan............................................. I - 9
1.7.2. Skema Kerangka Pikir ..................................................................................... ..I - 12
BAB II
TINJAUAN TEORI ........................................................................................................... II - 1
2.1.
Taman Bermain........................................................................................................II - 1
2.1.1. Tinjauan Taman ................................................................................................. II - 1
2.1.2. Unsur Perancangan Taman ................................................................................ II - 2
2.1.3. Prinsip Perancangan Taman .............................................................................. II - 5
2.1.4. Ruang Terbuka dan Pola Sirkulasi Dalam Taman ............................................ II - 9
2.1.5. Perancangan Taman ........................................................................................ II - 13
2.1.6. Tinjauan Bermain ............................................................................................ II - 13
2.1.7. Manfaat Bermain ............................................................................................. II - 14
2.1.8. Perkembangan Bermain .................................................................................. II - 14
2.1.9. Ragam Permainan............................................................................................ II - 15
2.1.10. Kesimpulan ................................................................................................... II - 19
2.2.
REKREATIF DAN EDUKATIF.........................................................................II - 20
2.2.1. Tinjauan Rekreatif ........................................................................................... II - 20
2.2.2. Ciri-Ciri Rekreasi ............................................................................................ II - 20
2.2.3. Jenis-Jenis Rekreasi ......................................................................................... II - 21
2.2.4. Tinjauan Edukatif ............................................................................................ II - 21
2.2.5. Kesimpulan ...................................................................................................... II - 23
2.3.
PRESEDEN...........................................................................................................II - 24
2.3.1. Taman Pintar Yogyakarta................................................................................ II - 24
2.3.2. Taman Budaya Edutaiment Center Bogor ...................................................... II - 26
2.3.3. Singapore Science Center ............................................................................... II - 27
2.3.4. Eco Green Park Malang Jawa Timur .............................................................. II - 29
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2.3.5. Hasil Penelitian Preseden ................................................................................
II - 30
2.4. ARSITEKTUR HIJAU ............................................................................................. II - 30
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2.4.1. Pengertian Arsitektur Hijau................................................................................II – 30
2.4.2. Prinsip-Prinsip Arsitektur Hijau ...................................................................... II - 31
2.4.3. Rancangan Arsitektur Hijau Di Kawasan Tropis Lembab (Indonesia) ........... II - 33
2.4.4. Konsep Arsitektur Diterapkan Pada Landscape .............................................. II - 37
2.4.5. Konsep Arsitektur Diterapkan Pada Bangunan ............................................... II - 41
BAB III
TINJAUAN UMUM KABUPATEN SUKOHARJO ....................................................... III - 1
3.1.
SEJARAH SINGKAT SUKOHARJO...................................................................III - 2
3.2.
KONDISI FISIK SUKOHARJO............................................................................III - 3
3.2.1. Kondisi Fisik .................................................................................................... III - 3
3.2.2. Pembagian Administrasi Wilayah .................................................................... III - 3
3.2.3. Fasilitas Wisata dan Rekreasi ........................................................................... III - 6
3.2.4. Potensi Aspek Fisik .......................................................................................... III - 6
3.2.5. Potensi Aspek Prasarana Wilayah .................................................................... III - 7
3.3. KONDISI NON FISIK SUKOHARJO...................................................................... III - 7
3.3.1. Kependudukan .................................................................................................. III - 7
3.3.2. Kondisi Rekreasi dan Edukasi di Sukoharjo .................................................... III - 8
3.4. PERENCANAAN UMUM TATA RUANG DI KABUPATEN SUKOHARJO ...... III - 9
BAB IV
GAMBARAN UMUM PERENCANAAN DAN PERANCANGAN TAMAN
BERMAIN..........................................................................................................................IV - 1
4.1. GAMBARAN UMUM OBYEK TAMAN BERMAIN..............................................IV - 1
4.2. PERAN DAN FUNGSI OBYEK TAMAN BERMAIN ........................................... IV - 2
4.2.1. Peran ................................................................................................................. IV - 2
4.2.2. Fungsi ............................................................................................................... IV - 2
4.3. STATUS OBYEK TAMAN BERMAIN .................................................................. IV - 3
4.3.1. Status Kepemilikan........................................................................................... IV - 3
4.3.2. Status Pengelolaan ............................................................................................ IV - 3
4.4. STRUKTUR ORGANISASI OBYEK TAMAN BERMAIN....................................IV - 4
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4.5. KEGIATAN PADA OBYEK TAMAN BERMAIN..................................................IV - 4
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4.5.1. Macam Kegiatan............................................................................................... IV - 4
4.5.2. Pelaku Kegiatan ................................................................................................ IV - 5
4.6. JENIS PERMAINAN YANG DIRENCANAKAN PADA TAMAN .....................IV – 7
4.7. TAMAN BERMAIN YANG DIRENCANAKAN.................................................. IV - 13
4.7.1. Kriteria Lokasi dan Site.................................................................................. IV - 13
4.7.2. Perencanaan Taman/Landscape, Bangunan, dan Sirkulasi ............................ IV - 13
BAB V
ANALISIS PENDEKATAN KONSEP PERANCANGAN DAN PERANCANGAN
TAMAN BERMAIN ......................................................................................................... V - 1
5.1. ANALISIS MIKRO.....................................................................................................V - 1
5.1.1. Analisis Pelaku Kegiatan................................................................................... V - 1
5.1.2. Analisis Kegiatan .............................................................................................. V - 4
5.1.3. Analisis Pola Hubungan Kegiatan ..................................................................... V - 8
5.1.4. Analisis Kebutuhan Ruang ................................................................................ V - 9
5.1.5. Analisis Besaran Ruang
................................................................................V - 17
Analisis Jumlah Pelaku Kegiatan................................................................................V - 17
Analisis Penentuan Besaran Ruang............................................................................V - 18
5.2. ANALISIS MAKRO..................................................................................................V - 27
5.2.1. Analisis Penentuan Lokasi .............................................................................. V - 27
5.2.2. Analisis Pemilihan Site.................................................................................... V - 28
5.2.3. Eksisting Site ................................................................................................... V - 29
5.2.4. Analisis Pencapaian Site .................................................................................. V - 33
5.2.5. Analisis Orientasi Site ..................................................................................... V - 35
5.2.6. Analisis Klimatologi........................................................................................ V - 37
5.2.7. Analisis Landscape.......................................................................................... V - 42
5.2.8. Analisis Penzoningan ...................................................................................... V - 47
5.2.9. Analisis Sirkulasi ............................................................................................ V - 48
5.3. ANALISIS PENDEKATAN KONSEP TAMPILAN KAWASAN..........................V - 49
5.3.1. Konsep Penampilan Bangunan ....................................................................... V - 49
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5.3.2. Konsep Sirkulasi Kawasan .............................................................................
V - 50
5.3.3. Konsep Gubahan Massa ................................................................................. V - 51
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5.3.4. Analisis Penentuan Konsep Perwujudan Massa terhadap lingkungan...........V - 52
5.4. SISTEM STRUKTUR DAN UTILITAS.................................................................V - 53
5.4.1. Sistem Struktur................................................................................................V - 54
5.4.2. Sistem Utilitas
........................................................................................V – 59
BAB VI
KONSEP PERENCANAAN DAN PERANCANGAN TAMAN
BERMAIN.........................................................................................................................VI - 1
6.1. KONSEP PERENCANAAN......................................................................................VI - 1
6.2. KONSEP PERANCANGAN
...............................................................................VI - 2
6.2.1. Pelaku Kegiatan................................................................................................VI - 2
6.2.2. Kelompok Kegiatan..........................................................................................VI - 2
6.2.3. Konsep Kebutuhan Ruang................................................................................VI - 2
6.2.4. Konsep Pengolahan Site...................................................................................VI - 6
6.3. KONSEP TAMPILAN KAWASAN
.................................................................VI - 17
6.3.1. Konsep Penampilan Bangunan.......................................................................VI - 17
6.3.2. Konsep Sirkulasi Kawasan.............................................................................VI - 18
6.3.3. Konsep Gubahan Massa.................................................................................VI - 18
6.3.4. Konsep Landscape.........................................................................................VI - 20
6.4. KONSEP STRUKTUR DAN UTILITAS...............................................................VI - 21
6.4.1. Konsep Struktur..............................................................................................VI - 21
6.4.2.
Konsep Utilitas.......................................................................................VI – 21
DAFTAR GAMBAR:
Gambar 2. 1 : Elemen Taman Lunak ................................................................................. II - 1
Gambar 2. 2 : Elemen Taman Keras .................................................................................. II - 2
Gambar 2. 3 : Ruang Dalam Taman ................................................................................ II - 10
Gambar 2. 4 : Pergerakan Sirkulasi ................................................................................. II - 11
Gambar 2. 5 : Taman Pasif .............................................................................................. II - 13
Gambar 2. 6 : Taman Aktif .............................................................................................. II - 13
Gambar 2. 7 : Bermain (games) .......................................................................................
II - 16
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Gambar 2. 8 : Bermain (play) .......................................................................................... II - 16
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Gambar 2. 9 : Spektrum Warna ....................................................................................... II - 17
Gambar 2. 10 : Generator................................................................................................. II - 17
Gambar 2. 11 : Kerajinan Batik ....................................................................................... II - 17
Gambar 2. 12 : Permainan Low Impact ........................................................................... II - 18
Gambar 2. 13 : Permainan High Ropes ............................................................................ II - 18
Gambar 2. 14 : Permainan Adventure .............................................................................. II - 19
Gambar 2. 15 : Playground Taman Pintar ....................................................................... II - 24
Gambar 2. 16 : Gedung Oval Taman Pintar .................................................................... II - 25
Gambar 2. 17 : Gedung Kotak Taman Pintar .................................................................. II - 25
Gambar 2. 18 : Area Taman Budaya ............................................................................... II - 27
Gambar 2. 19 : Zona Science Center ............................................................................... II - 28
Gambar 2. 20 : Zona Teater Imax .................................................................................... II - 28
Gambar 2. 21 : Zona Snow City ...................................................................................... II - 28
Gambar 2. 22 : Bangunan pembelian tiket, tiang penyangga menggunakan
menggunakan bahan bekas berupa potongan/sisa kayu bekas ........................................ II - 29
Gambar 2. 23 : Patung-patung yang ada di Eco Green Park terbuat dari barang
barang bekas .................................................................................................................... II - 29
Gambar 2. 24 : Rongga Ventilasi Atap Miring ................................................................ II - 34
Gambar 2. 25 : Rumah Bambu ........................................................................................ II - 35
Gambar 2. 26 : Roof Garden ............................................................................................ II - 36
Gambar 2. 27 : Cara Kerja Photovoltoic .......................................................................... II - 36
Gambar 2. 28 : Cara Kerja Wind Power .......................................................................... II - 36
Gambar 2. 29 : Roof Garden ............................................................................................ II - 39
Gambar 2. 30 : Grass Block ............................................................................................. II - 39
Gambar 2. 31 : Elemen Air .............................................................................................. II - 40
Gambar 2. 32 : Lampu Tenaga Surya Matahari ............................................................... II - 40
Gambar 2. 33 : Rumah Rempah Karya ............................................................................ II - 46
Gambar 2. 34 : Pemanfaatan Botol Bekas Untuk Mempercantik Dinding ...................... II - 46
Gambar 2. 35 : Pemanfaatan Ban Bekas Sebagai Pondasi Bangunan ............................. II - 47
Gambar 3. 1 : Peta Kabupaten Sukoharjo..........................................................................III - 1
Gambar 3. 2 : Letak Kecamatan-Kecamatan Di Sukoharjo .............................................. III - 5
Gambar 3. 3 : Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah Kabupaten Sukoharjo ................................ III - 9
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Gambar 4. 1 : Bermain Air ...............................................................................................
IV - 8
Gambar 4. 2 : Bermain Pasir ............................................................................................. IV - 8
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Gambar 4. 3 : Ayunan .............................................................................................. .........IV - 8
Gambar 4. 4 : Jungkat-Jungkit .......................................................................................... IV - 8
Gambar 4. 5 : Permainan Tapak ....................................................................................... IV - 8
Gambar 4. 6 : Labirin ........................................................................................................ IV - 8
Gambar 4. 7 : Balok Keseimbangan ................................................................................. IV - 8
Gambar 4. 8 : Seluncuran Dan Panjatan ........................................................................... IV - 8
Gambar 4. 9 : Rumah Pohon ............................................................................................. IV - 8
Gambar 4. 10 : Koridor Air............................................................................................... IV - 8
Gambar 4. 11 : Dinding Berdendang ................................................................................ IV - 8
Gambar 4. 12 : Museum Insect ......................................................................................... IV - 8
Gambar 4. 13 : Tata Surya ................................................................................................ IV - 8
Gambar 4. 14 : Sejarah Hidup Manusia ............................................................................ IV - 8
Gambar 4. 15 : Transportasi.............................................................................................. IV - 9
Gambar 4. 16 : Telekomunikasi ........................................................................................ IV - 9
Gambar 4. 17 : Fisika ........................................................................................................ IV - 9
Gambar 4. 18 : Biologi...................................................................................................... IV - 9
Gambar 4. 19 : Matematika .............................................................................................. IV - 9
Gambar 4. 20 : Kimia...................................................................................................... IV - 10
Gambar 4. 21 : Perpustakaan .......................................................................................... IV - 10
Gambar 4. 22 : Shopping ................................................................................................ IV - 10
Gambar 4. 23 : Zoo Area................................................................................................. IV - 11
Gambar 4. 24 : Metamorfosis Burung ............................................................................ IV - 11
Gambar 4. 25 : Pasar Burung .......................................................................................... IV - 11
Gambar 4. 26 : Human Leader ........................................................................................ IV - 11
Gambar 4. 27 : Mini Labirin ........................................................................................... IV - 11
Gambar 4. 28 : Roda Manusia ........................................................................................ IV - 11
Gambar 4. 29 : Trust Fall ............................................................................................... IV - 11
Gambar 4. 30 : Pipa Line ................................................................................................ IV - 11
Gambar 4. 31 : Two Lines Bridge ................................................................................... IV - 11
Gambar 4. 32 : Flying Fox .............................................................................................. IV - 11
Gambar 4. 33 : Burma Bridge ......................................................................................... IV - 11
Gambar 4. 34 : Log Step ................................................................................................. IV - 11
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Gambar 4. 35 : Wall Climbing ........................................................................................
IV - 11
Gambar 4. 36 : Spider Web ............................................................................................. IV - 11
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Gambar 4. 37 : Swinging Plank ...................................................................................... IV - 11
Gambar 4. 38 : Paint Ball ............................................................................................... IV - 12
Gambar 4. 39 : Hiking .................................................................................................... IV - 12
Gambar 4. 40 : Pedesaan ................................................................................................. IV - 12
Gambar 4. 41 : Pesisir Pantai .......................................................................................... IV - 12
Gambar 4. 42 : Hutan ...................................................................................................... IV - 12
Gambar 4. 43 : Persawahan ............................................................................................ IV - 12
Gambar 4. 44 : Plant Area .............................................................................................. IV - 12
Gambar 4. 45 : Galeri Daur Ulang .................................................................................. IV - 12
Gambar 4. 46 : Contoh Olahan Daur Ulang ................................................................... IV - 13
Gambar 4. 47 : Rencana Penataan Massa ....................................................................... IV - 14
Gambar 4. 48 : Rencana Penataan Massa Bangunan ...................................................... IV - 15
Gambar 4. 49 : Sirkulasi Radial Di Dalam Bangunan .................................................... IV - 15
Gambar 4. 50 : Sirkulasi Tunggal Di Luar Bangunan .................................................... IV - 16
Gambar 4. 51 : Skrwalk Yang Direncanakan ................................................................. IV - 16
Gambar 5. 1 : Lokasi Site.................................................................................................V - 28
Gambar 5. 2 : Batasan Site ............................................................................................... V - 29
Gambar 5. 3 : Topografi Site............................................................................................ V - 30
Gambar 5. 4 : Kontur Site Eksisting ................................................................................ V - 30
Gambar 5. 5 : Potongan Site Eksisting............................................................................. V - 31
Gambar 5. 6 : arah Kemiringan Lahan dan Daerah Konservasi Sungai Pada Site...........V - 31
Gambar 5. 7 : Pengaruh Kontur Dalam Perletakan Massa dan Drainase ........................ V - 32
Gambar 5. 8 : Analisis Eksisting Vegetasi....................................................................... V - 33
Gambar 5. 9 : Hasil Analisis Pencapaian Site .................................................................. V - 34
Gambar 5. 10 : Analisi Pencapaian Site ........................................................................... V - 34
Gambar 5. 11 : Analisis View From Site dan Analisis View To Site .............................. V - 35
Gambar 5. 12 : Hasil Analisis Orientasi Site ................................................................... V - 36
Gambar 5. 12 : Analisi Matahari...................................................................................... V - 37
Gambar 5. 13 : Penggunaan Shading Sebagai Peneduh .................................................. V - 38
Gambar 5. 14 : Penggunaan Vegetasi Sebagai Barier ..................................................... V - 38
Gambar 5. 15 : Pencahayaan Langsung ........................................................................... V - 39
Gambar 5. 16 : Pencahayaan Tidak Langsung................................................................. V - 39
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Gambar 5. 18 : Analisis Angin ........................................................................................
V - 40
Gambar 5. 19 : Cross Ventilation .................................................................................... V - 40
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Gambar 5. 20 : Vegetasi Penyaring dan Pengarah Angin ................................................ V - 41
Gambar 5. 21 : Aliran Angin Terhadap Kawasan dan Bangunan.................................... V - 41
Gambar 5. 22 : Analisis Hujan ......................................................................................... V - 42
Gambar 5. 23 : Perletakan Zona Kegiatan Dalam Site .................................................... V - 47
Gambar 5. 24 : Bangunan Dengan Sistem Panggung ...................................................... V - 50
Gambar 5. 25 : Skywalk................................................................................................... V - 50
Gambar 5. 26 : Analisis Konsep Bentuk Dasar Massa .................................................... V - 52
Gambar 5. 27 : Konsep Perwujudan Massa Bangunan Yang Merespon Iklim ............... V - 53
Gambar 5. 28 : Foolplat Dan Umpak Sebagai Alternatif Sub-Structure ......................... V - 54
Gambar 5. 29 : Struktur Rangka Struktur Panggung Sbg Alternatif Mid-Structure........ V - 56
Gambar 5. 30 : Selimut Bangunan Untuk Mid-Structure ................................................ V - 56
Gambar 5. 31 : Analisis Respon Bentuk Atap Terhadap Matahri ................................... V - 57
Gambar 5. 32 : Analisis Respon Bentuk Bangunan Terhadap Angin.............................. V - 57
Gambar 5. 33 : Analisis Respon Bentuk Bangunan Terhadap Hujan .............................. V - 58
Gambar 5. 34 : Jenis Atap Yang Digunakan.................................................................... V - 58
Gambar 6. 1 : Lokasi Site................................................................................................VI - 6
Gambar 6. 2 : Site Terpilih................................................................................................ VI - 7
Gambar 6. 3 : Topografi Eksisting Site............................................................................. VI - 8
Gambar 6. 4 : Konsep Pencapaian Site ............................................................................. VI - 8
Gambar 6. 5 : Konsep Orientasi Site................................................................................. VI - 9
Gambar 6. 6 : Analisis Matahari ....................................................................................... V- 10
Gambar 6. 7 : Respom Desain Terhadap Matahari ......................................................... VI - 10
Gambar 6. 8 : Analisis Angin ......................................................................................... VI - 11
Gambar 6. 9 : Respon Desain Terhadap Angin .............................................................. VI - 11
Gambar 6. 10 : Analisis Hujan ........................................................................................ VI - 12
Gambar 6. 11 : Respon Desai Terhadap Hujan............................................................... VI - 12
Gambar 6. 12 : Tanaman Pengarah Dan Pembatas ......................................................... VI - 13
Gambar 6. 13 : Tanaman Pembatas Rendah ................................................................... VI - 13
Gambar 6. 14 : Tanaman Pembatas Sedang..................................................................... V - 13
Gambar 6. 15 : Tanaman Pembatas Tinggi ..................................................................... VI - 14
Gambar 6. 16 : Tanaman Peneduh .................................................................................. VI - 14
Gambar 6. 17 : Tanaman Groundcover/Alas/Pelantai .................................................... VI - 15
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Gambar 6. 18 : Tanaman Pendekorasi/Penanda
Zoning
................................................. VI - 15
Gambar 6. 19 : Perletakan Zona Kegiatan ...................................................................... VI - 16
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Gambar 6. 20 : Sirkulasi Dalam Site ............................................................................... VI - 17
Gambar 6. 21 : Skywalk.................................................................................................. VI - 18
Gambar 6. 22 : Bentuk Dasar Dan Atap Bangunan Penerima ........................................ VI - 19
Gambar 6. 23 : Bentuk Dasar dan Atap Bangunan Pameran Sains ................................ VI - 19
Gambar 6. 24: Bentuk Dasar Dan Atap Bangunan Pengelola ........................................ VI - 19
Gambar 6. 25 : Bentuk Dasar Dan Atap Bangunan Foodcourt....................................... VI - 20
Gambar 6. 26 : Bentuk Dasar Dan Atap Bangunan Perpustakaan .................................. VI - 20
Gambar 6. 27 : Bentuk Dasar Dan Atap Bangunan Servis ............................................. VI - 20
DAFTAR BAGAN:
Bagan 1.1 : Skema Kerangka Pikir .................................................................................... I - 12
Bagan 4.1 : Struktur Organisasi ........................................................................................ IV - 4
Bagan 5.1 : Pola Kegiatan Keseluruhan ............................................................................ V - 8
Bagan 5.2 : Pola Kegiatan Pengunjung.............................................................................. V - 9
Bagan 5.3 : Pola Kegiatan Pengelola ................................................................................. V - 9
Bagan 5.4 : Bubble Ruang Kegiatan Penerima ................................................................ V - 14
Bagan 5.5 : Bubble Ruang Kegiatan Bermain Dan Belajar ............................................. V - 15
Bagan 5.6 : Bubble Ruang Kegiatan Eksplorai Alam Dan Rekreasi ............................... V - 15
Bagan 5.7 : Bubble Ruang Kegiatan Penunjang .............................................................. V - 16
Bagan 5.8 : Bubble Ruang Kegiatan Pengelola ............................................................... V - 16
Bagan 5.9 : Jaringan Listrik ............................................................................................. V - 59
Bagan 5.10 : Jaringan Komunikasi .................................................................................. V - 60
Bagan 5.11 : Sistem Air Bersih........................................................................................ V - 61
Bagan 5.12 : Sistem Air Kotor Dan Hujan ...................................................................... V - 62
Bagan 6.1 : Jaringan Listrik ............................................................................................ VI - 22
Bagan 6.2 : Jaringan Komunikasi ................................................................................... VI - 23
Bagan 6.3 : Sistem Air Bersih......................................................................................... VI - 24
Bagan 6.4 : Sistem Air Kotor Dan Hujan ....................................................................... VI - 25
DAFTAR TABEL:
Tabel 3. 1 : Jumlah Penduduk Kabupaten Sukoharjo .................................................... ...III - 8
Tabel 4. 1 : Kegiatan Bermain Dan Belajar ...................................................................... IV - 8
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Tabel 4. 2 : Kegiatan Rekreasi Alam Dan Rekreasi ....................................................... IV - 10
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Tabel 5. 1 : Pengelompokan Pengunjung .......................................................................... V - 1
Tabel 5. 2 : Pengelompokan Pengelola .............................................................................. V - 3
Tabel 5. 3 : Kegiatan Penerima .......................................................................................... V - 4
Tabel 5. 4 : Kegiatan Bermain Dan Belajar ....................................................................... V - 4
Tabel 5. 5 : Kegiatan Eksplorasi Alam Dan Rekreasi ....................................................... V - 7
Tabel 5. 6 : Kegiatan Penunjang Dan Servis ..................................................................... V - 7
Tabel 5. 7 : Kegiatan Penglola ........................................................................................... V - 8
Tabel 5. 8 : Kegiatan Ruang ............................................................................................ V - 10
Tabel 5. 9 : Jumlah Pengelola .......................................................................................... V - 18
Tabel 5. 10 : Kebutuhan Ruang Kegiatan Penerima ........................................................ V - 19
Tabel 5. 11 : Kebutuhan Ruang Kegiatan Bermain Dan Belajar ..................................... V - 19
Tabel 5. 12 : Kebutuhan Ruang Kegiatan Eksplorasi Alam Dan Rekreasi ..................... V - 21
Tabel 5. 13 : Kebutuhan Ruang Kegiatan Penunjang ...................................................... V - 22
Tabel 5. 14 : Kebutuhan Ruang Kegiatan Pengelola ....................................................... V - 23
Tabel 5. 15 : Kebutuhan Ruang Kegiatan Servis ............................................................. V - 24
Tabel 5. 16 : Kebutuhan Ruang Parkir Pengunjung ........................................................ V - 26
Tabel 5. 17 : Kebutuhan Ruang Parkir Pengelola ............................................................ V - 26
Tabel 5. 18 : Total Besaran Ruang Keseluruhan ............................................................. V - 27
Tabel 5. 19 : Tanaman Pembentuk Aspek Arsitektural .................................................. V - 44
Tabel 5. 20 : Elemen Keras Landscape ........................................................................... V - 45
Tabel 5. 21 : Karakteristik Bentuk Dasar......................................................................... V - 51
Tabel 5. 22 : Perbedaan Pondasi Bangunan Pada Tapak Datar Dan Berlereng ............... V - 52
Tabel 6. 1 : Konsep Kebutuhan Ruang ............................................................................. VI - 5
Tabel 6. 2 : Konsep Kebutuhan Ruang ............................................................................. VI - 5
DARTAR PUSTAKA
LAMPIRAN
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