PROTOTIPE SISTEM PENCATATAN KELUAR MASUK BARANG MENGGUNAKAN RFID ISO 18000-6 DAN PEMBAYARAN MENGGUNAKAN NFC ISO 14443A

  Oleh Jati Kristianto

  NIM : 622013009 Skripsi

  Untuk melengkapi salah satu syarat memperoleh Gelar Sarjana Teknik

  Program Studi Sistem Komputer Fakultas Teknik Elektronika Dan Komputer

  Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana Salatiga

  November 2017

  

ABSTRACT

  Activities at the store, such as the circulation of goods and the payment process at the checkout counter is something that requires extra effort and time. In addition, it takes precision in the calculation of money. Moreover, cash are considered inefficient because of the high cost of printing money. The purpose of this research is to make buying and selling activity at store become more save time and energy, and not much use of currency.

  In this thesis, we designed and created a prototype of goods logging system using RFID ISO 18000-6 and Raspberry Pi, as well as payment using NFC ISO 14443A and Arduino Mega, which can help store owner and manager in monitoring the store. Each item will be affixed to RFID Tags. When entering the gate, the data will be read by the RFID reader and sent to the server via API with JSON format. For the payment system, the NFC Tag is affixed to the phone. Then the data is read by NFC reader and sent to the server through API with JSON format.

  The recording system successfully reads the ID and the contents of the RFID Tag, then puts it into the database. Similarly, the payment system can do recording readings and put them into the database. Then, the result of a transaction is printed using a thermal printer. The information data of the profit can be downloaded in ".xls" format. The average recording time of items required to store data from RFID Tags to a database is 2.52 seconds. Meanwhile, the average time required for the payment program to conduct transactions for five products is 14.41 seconds. RFID reader can read 20 tags at once in 3 seconds. If the tag is passed the gate, the RFID reader can read 50 tags at once.

  Puji dan syukur diucapkan ke hadirat Tuhan Yang Maha Esa yang telah memberikan rahmat dan karunia-Nya sehingga perancangan dan penulisan skripsi ini dapat selesai sebagai syarat untuk menyelesaikan studi pada Fakultas Teknik Elektronika dan Komputer Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana.

  Dalam proses penyelesaian skripsi ini tidak terlepas dari bantuan berbagai pihak baik secara moral maupun materiil. Oleh karena itu, penulis ingin mengucapkan terima kasih kepada:

  1. Bapak Banu Wirawan Yohanes, M.CompSc, Bapak Darmawan Utomo, M.Eng dan Bapak Saptadi Nugroho, M.Sc atas bimbingan, saran, dan nasihat yang telah diberikan selama mengerjakan skripsi.

  2. Kedua orang tua terkasih, adik dan Adhitya Eka Prakarti atas dukungan baik materiil dan moral yang telah diberikan untuk penulis

  3. Lundy Orlando Tjandra, Teman dan sahabat, SISKOM 2013 dan FTEK 2013 dan teman-teman Fakultas Teknik Elektronika dan Komputer lainnya yang telah menemani dan memberikan doa, dukungan, semangat, hiburan, dan nasehat kepada penulis.

  4. Seluruh dosen dan karyawan Fakultas Teknik Elektronika dan Komputer, terkhusus Mbak Yola, Mbak Ragil, dan Mbak Rista dalam membantu kelancaran penyelesaian skripsi penulis.

  5. Seluruh pihak yang membantu penulis dalam menyusun skripsi ini yang tidak dapat disebutkan satu per satu.

  Dalam penulisan skripsi ini disadari masih banyak kekurangan baik dalam isi maupun penyampaian dan dalam penulisannya, untuk itu kritik dan saran yang membangun diharapkan penulis demi perbaikan skripsi ke depannya.

  Salatiga, Juli 2017 Penulis,

  Jati Kristianto

  

DAFTAR ISI

  INTISARI ......................................................................................................................i ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................ ii KATA PENGANTAR................................................................................................. iii DAFTAR ISI ............................................................................................................... iv DAFTAR GAMBAR ..................................................................................................vii DAFTAR TABEL ........................................................................................................ ix DAFTAR KODE .......................................................................................................... x DAFTAR SINGKATAN .............................................................................................. xi

  BAB I PENDAHULUAN ............................................................................................. 1

  1.1. Tujuan ............................................................................................................... 1

  1.2. Latar Belakang .................................................................................................. 1

  1.2.1. Pendahuluan ............................................................................................... 1

  1.2.2. Solusi Permasalahan ................................................................................... 2

  1.3. Spesifikasi ......................................................................................................... 3

  1.4. Sistematika Penulisan ........................................................................................ 3

  BAB II DASAR TEORI ................................................................................................ 5

  2.1. Client Side ......................................................................................................... 5

  2.1.1. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) ....................................................... 5

  2.1.1.1. Reserve memory ................................................................................... 6

  2.1.1.1.1. Kill Password ................................................................................ 6

  2.1.1.1.2. Acccess password .......................................................................... 7

  2.1.1.2. EPC memory ........................................................................................ 7

  2.1.1.3. ID Memory ........................................................................................... 7

  2.1.1.4. User Memory ....................................................................................... 7

  2.1.2. Near Field Communication ( NFC) ............................................................ 8

  2.1.3. Raspberry Pi ............................................................................................. 13

  2.1.4. Arduino .................................................................................................... 14

  2.1.5. Ethernet Shield ......................................................................................... 15

  2.1.6. Real Time Clock (RTC) ............................................................................. 16

  2.1.7. Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) dan Inter Integrated Circuit (I2C) .............. 18

  3.1.1. Perangkat Keras Client .............................................................................. 33

  3.1.3.1. Perangkat Lunak Pencatatan Barang ................................................... 41

  3.1.3. Perangkat Lunak Client ............................................................................. 41

  3.1.1.2.7. Buzzer ......................................................................................... 41

  3.1.1.2.6. RTC ............................................................................................ 40

  3.1.1.2.5. Tiny Thermal Printer ................................................................... 39

  3.1.1.2.4. I2C dan LCD ............................................................................... 39

  3.1.1.2.3. Ethernet Shield ............................................................................ 39

  3.1.1.2.2. NFC ............................................................................................ 38

  3.1.1.2.1. Arduino ....................................................................................... 38

  3.1.1.2. Perangkat Keras Pembayaran ............................................................. 37

  3.1.1.1.3. RTC ............................................................................................ 35

  3.1.1.1.2. RFID ........................................................................................... 34

  3.1.1.1.1. Raspberry Pi ................................................................................ 33

  3.1.1.1 Perangkat Keras Pencatatan Barang ................................................... 33

  3.2. Perancangan Client .......................................................................................... 33

  2.1.8. Buzzer ...................................................................................................... 20

  3.1. Arsitektur Sistem ............................................................................................. 28

  BAB III PERANCANGAN ......................................................................................... 28

  2.2.6. XAMPP .................................................................................................... 27

  2.2.5. MySQL ..................................................................................................... 27

  2.2.4. Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP)................................................................... 26

  2.2.3. Laravel...................................................................................................... 25

  2.2.2. Java Script Object Notation (JSON).......................................................... 24

  2.2.1.4. Perancangan Representasi .................................................................. 24

  2.2.1.3. Perancangan Metadata ....................................................................... 22

  2.2.1.2. Perancangan Interaksi dengan HTTP .................................................. 21

  2.2.1.1. Perancangan Identifier atau URL........................................................ 21

  2.2.1. Representional State Transfer Application Programming Interface ........... 21

  2.2. Server Side ...................................................................................................... 21

  2.1.9. Tiny Thermal Printer ................................................................................. 20

  3.1.3.1.1. Serial ........................................................................................... 41

  3.1.3.1.2. Request ....................................................................................... 43

  3.1.3.1.3. JSON .......................................................................................... 43

  3.1.3.2. Perangkat Lunak Pembayaran ............................................................ 44

  3.1.3.2.1. Request ....................................................................................... 44

  3.1.3.2.2. JSON .......................................................................................... 44

  3.2 Perancangan Server ......................................................................................... 45

  3.2.1. Laravel...................................................................................................... 45

  3.2.2. Fractal ....................................................................................................... 51

  3.2.3. Database................................................................................................... 52

  BAB IV PENGUJIAN DAN ANALISIS ..................................................................... 54

  4.1. Pengujian Pencatatan Barang ........................................................................... 54

  4.1.1. Pembacaan Banyak Tag dengan Jangka Waktu ......................................... 54

  4.1.2. Pembacaan Tag yang Melewati Gerbang ................................................... 57

  4.1.3. Pembacaan Tag RFID pada Beberapa Jenis Barang ................................... 58

  4.1.4. Pembacaan Tag RFID pada Alas Logam dengan Perantara Kertas ............ 59

  4.1.5. Pembacaan Tag RFID dengan Ketebalan Kertas yang Berubah-ubah ........ 60

  4.1.6. Pembacaan Tag RFID dengan Perubahan Jarak ......................................... 62

  4.2. Pengujian Pembayaran ..................................................................................... 63

  4.2.1. Pembacaan Tag NFC pada Plastik dan Besi .............................................. 63

  4.2.3. Pembacaan Tag NFC pada Logam dengan Perantara ................................. 63

  4.2.4. Pembacaan Tag NFC dengan Ketebalan yang Berubah-ubah ..................... 64

  4.2.5. Pembacaan Dua Tag NFC Bersamaan ....................................................... 65

  4.3. Pengujian Waktu Eksekusi ............................................................................... 66

  4.3.1. Pengujian Waktu Eksekusi Pencatatan Barang .......................................... 66

  4.3.2. Pengujian Waktu Eksekusi Pembayaran .................................................... 68

  4.4. Pengujian Sistem Secara Keseluruhan .............................................................. 69

  BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN ...................................................................... 75

  5.1. Kesimpulan ..................................................................................................... 75

  5.2. Saran ............................................................................................................... 76 DAFTAR PUSTAKA ................................................................................................. 77

  

DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 1.1. Persentase Rumah Tangga yang Memiliki/Menguasai

  Telepon Seluler di Indonesia[2] .............................................................. 3

Gambar 2.1. Alamat Fisik RFID[4] ............................................................................. 6Gambar 2.2. Struktur Pesan NDEF[6] ....................................................................... 10Gambar 2.3. Struktur NDEF Record[8] ..................................................................... 11Gambar 2.4. Modul PN532 NFC RFID[12] .............................................................. 12Gambar 2.5. Switch Untuk Memilih Komunikasi Modul[12] .................................... 12Gambar 2.6. Raspberry Pi 2 Model B ....................................................................... 13Gambar 2.7. Pin Atmega 2560[13] ........................................................................... 14Gambar 2.8. Arduino Mega ...................................................................................... 15Gambar 2.9. Ethernet Shield V1 ............................................................................... 16Gambar 2.10. Blok Diagram W5100[15] .................................................................... 16Gambar 2.11. Modul RTC DS3231............................................................................. 17Gambar 2.12. Rangkaian DS321[16] .......................................................................... 17Gambar 2.13. Blok Diagram LCD[18] ........................................................................ 18Gambar 2.14. Fungsi dari Pin LCD[18] ...................................................................... 18Gambar 2.15. LCD Karakter 20X4 ............................................................................. 19Gambar 2.16. I2C PCF8574........................................................................................ 19Gambar 2.17. Blok Diagram I2C PCF8574[19] .......................................................... 19Gambar 2.18. Bentuk, Struktur, dan Simbol Buzzer Piezoelectric[20] ........................ 20Gambar 2.19. Tiny Thermal Printer[28] ..................................................................... 20Gambar 2.20. Header Content-Type Berformat application/JSON .............................. 23Gambar 2.22. MVC Laravel[25] ................................................................................. 26Gambar 3.1. Arsitektur Sistem .................................................................................. 28Gambar 3.2. Daftar Alir Sistem ................................................................................ 29Gambar 3.3. Diagram Alir Pencatatan Barang .......................................................... 30Gambar 3.4. Diagram Alir Pembayaran .................................................................... 31Gambar 3.5. Desain Alat Pencatatan Barang ............................................................. 31Gambar 3.6. Desain Alat Pencatatan Barang 3 m ...................................................... 32Gambar 3.7. Desain Alat Pembayaran....................................................................... 32Gambar 3.8. Perancangan Pencatatan Barang ........................................................... 33Gambar 3.9. Hasil dari Dua Bentuk Tag ................................................................... 34Gambar 3.10. RTC yang Terhubung ke Raspberry Pi ................................................. 36Gambar 3.11. Alamat RTC di Racpberry Pi ................................................................ 36Gambar 3.12. Perancangan Pembayaran ..................................................................... 37Gambar 3.13. ERD Database ..................................................................................... 53Gambar 4.1. Pengujian Banyak Tag dengan Jangka Waktu ....................................... 54Gambar 4.2. Grafik Keberhasilan Pengujian Banyak Tag dengan Jangka Waktu....... 56Gambar 4.3. Pengujian Pembacaan Tag RFID Pada Beberapa Jenis Barang .............. 58Gambar 4.4. Pengujian Pada Logam dengan Perantaraan Kertas ............................... 59Gambar 4.5. Pembacaan Tag RFID dengan Ketebalan Kertas ................................... 60Gambar 4.6. Pengujian Pembacaan Tag NFC Pada Plastik dan Besi ......................... 63Gambar 4.7. Pengujian Pembacaan Tag NFC pada Logam dengan Perantara ............ 64Gambar 4.8. Pengujian Pembacaan Tag NFC dengan Ketebalan Berubah-ubah ........ 64Gambar 4.9. Pengujian Pembacaan Dua Tag NFC Secara Bersamaan ....................... 66Gambar 4.10. Hasil Memasukkan Data Produk ke Database ...................................... 70Gambar 4.11. Hasil Memasukkan Data Stiker ke Database ........................................ 70Gambar 4.12. Hasil Pencatatan Masuk Toko............................................................... 71Gambar 4.13. Hasil Pencatatan Barang Terjual ........................................................... 71Gambar 4.14. Hasil Pencatatan Detail Transaksi ......................................................... 72Gambar 4.15. Hasil Pembayaran dengan NFC ............................................................ 72Gambar 4.16. Bukti Transaksi .................................................................................... 73Gambar 4.17. Keuntungan Minggu Ke-44 .................................................................. 73Gambar 4.18. Keuntungan Bulan November ............................................................... 74Gambar 4.19. Keuntungan Tahun 2017....................................................................... 74

  

DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 4.2. Pengujian Pembacaan Tag yang Melewati Gerbang ................................ 57Tabel 4.11. Pengujian Waktu Eksekusi Program Pencatatan Barang .......................... 67Tabel 4.10. Pengujian Pembacaan Dua Tag NFC Secara Bersamaan ......................... 66

  Persentase Keberhasilan Pembacaan Tag NFC dengan Ketebalan Berubah-ubah ......................................................................... 65

Tabel 4.8. Pengujian Pembacaan Tag NFC dengan Ketebalan Berubah-ubah .......... 65 Tabel 4.9.Tabel 4.7. Pembacaan Tag RFID dengan Perubahan Jarak ...................................... 62

  Persentase Keberhasilan Pembacaan Tag RFID dengan Ketebalan Kertas .................................................................................... 61

Tabel 4.5. Pembacaan Tag RFID dengan Ketebalan Kertas ..................................... 61 Tabel 4.6.

  Persentase Keberhasilan Pengujian Pada Logam dengan Perantaraan Kertas ...................................................................... 60

Tabel 4.3. Pengujian Pada Logam dengan Perantaraan Kertas ................................. 59 Tabel 4.4.Tabel 4.1. Pengujian Banyak Tag dengan Jangka Waktu ......................................... 55Tabel 2.1. Format Request Response[5] .................................................................... 8Tabel 3.3. Command untuk Membaca TID dan Memori User .................................. 35Tabel 3.2. Respons dari RFID Berbentuk PVC ........................................................ 35Tabel 3.1. Respons dari RFID Berbentuk Stiker ...................................................... 35Tabel 2.7. Daftar Media Type[21]............................................................................ 23Tabel 2.6. Respons Kategori Kode Status HTTP[21] ............................................... 22Tabel 2.5. Pengaturan komunikasi modul[12] .......................................................... 12Tabel 2.4. Nilai dari Type Name Format.................................................................. 11Tabel 2.3. Return Code ............................................................................................. 8Tabel 2.2. Detail Format Request Response[5] .......................................................... 8Tabel 4.12. Pengujian Waktu Eksekusi Pembayaran .................................................. 69

  

DAFTAR KODE

  Kode 2.1. Mendeklarasikan Nama Tabel di Model Laravel ..................................... 26 Kode 3.1. Kode untuk Mengakses ID RFID ............................................................ 34 Kode 3.2. Perintah untuk Menggunakan modprobe DS1307 ................................... 37 Kode 3.3. Kode yang Ditambahkan pada /etc/rc.local ................................. 37 Kode 3.4. Membaca ID dan Rekaman pada Tag NFC ............................................. 38 Kode 3.5. Arduino LCD I2C ................................................................................... 39 Kode 3.6. Arduino Printer ....................................................................................... 40 Kode 3.7. Kode RTC Arduino ................................................................................ 40 Kode 3.8. Mengubah Jam dan Tanggal Menjadi String ........................................... 40 Kode 3.9. Menghidupkan dan Mematikan Buzzer ................................................... 41 Kode 3.10. Membaca Serial ...................................................................................... 41 Kode 3.11. Menulis Serial ........................................................................................ 42 Kode 3.12. Python Request ....................................................................................... 43 Kode 3.13. Raspberry Pi JSON Format ..................................................................... 43 Kode 3.14. Request Arduino ..................................................................................... 44 Kode 3.15. Arduino JSON Decode ........................................................................... 44 Kode 3.16. Menyalin Objek JSON ke Variabel ......................................................... 44 Kode 3.17. Arduino JSON Encode............................................................................ 45 Kode 3.18. Kode Migrasi Tabel ................................................................................ 46 Kode 3.19. Kode Model ............................................................................................ 47 Kode 3.20. Method __construct() .................................................................... 48 Kode 3.22. Method retrieveAll() .................................................................... 49 Kode 3.23. Method update() ................................................................................ 49 Kode 3.24. Method delete() ................................................................................ 50 Kode 3.25. Route API Laravel .................................................................................. 50 Kode 3.26. Konfigurasi Providers ............................................................................. 51 Kode 3.27. Konfigurasi Aliases ................................................................................ 51 Kode 3.28. Kode ProdukTransformer ....................................................................... 52 Kode 3.29. Pengunaan Fractal .................................................................................. 52

  API Application Programming Interface ARM Advanced RISC Machine ATM Anjungan Tunai Mandiri AVR Alf Vegard’s Risc processor CLI Command Line Interface CMOS Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check CRUD Create Read Update Delete DBMS Database Management System EPC Electronic Product Code EPROM Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory ERD Entity Relationship Diagram FTP File Transfer Protocol HSU High Speed UART HTML HyperText Mark up Language HTTP Hypertext Transfer Protocol

  I2C Inter Integrated Circuit

  ID Identifier

  ISO International Organization for Standardization JSON JavaScript Object Notation LAN Local Area Network LCD Liquid Cristal Display MIME Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension MVC Model View Controller NDEF NFC Data Exchange Format NFC Near Field Communication NTP Network Time Protocol ORM Object Relational Mapping

  PC Protocol Control PHP Hypertext Preprocessor PVC Polyvinyl chloride RAM Random Access Memory REST Representational State Transfer RFID Radio Frequency Identification RISC Reduced Instruction Set Computing RTC Real Time Clock RTD Record Type Definition SPI Serial Peripheral Interface SQL Structured Query Language SRAM Static Random Access Memory TCP Transmission Control Protocol TID Tag Identifier TNF Type Name Format UDP User Datagram Protocol URI Uniform Resource Identifier URL Uniform Resource Locator USB Universal Serial Bus WiFi Wireless Fidelity WLAN Wireless Local Area Network

  XAMPP X, Apache, MySQL, PHP dan Perl

  XML Extensible Markup Language

  XPC Extended Protocol Control