KONSEP DASAR JARINGAN KOMPUTER dan
!
"
#
#
!
!
#
$
%
$
&
%
&
$%&
$%&
'(
$%&
#
#
)
'(
#
*
+
+
$
%
&
#
$%&
$%&
#
!
#
"
#
(
#
#
"
!
#
"
"
*
#
+
$%&
"
.
1
1
-
-
-
+
) "
,
-
,
-
*
+
) "
,
-
*
+
+
0
%
0
.
,
-
*
*
.%
,
-
*
,
-
*
./
*
!) "
&
%
&
0%&
"
$%&
$%&
0%&
!
0%&
#
"
*
,
%
,
#
#
+
.
#
0%&
2
+
0
%
&
&
%
&
,%&
#
#
#
,%&
$%&
0%& ,%&
$%&
,%&
$%& 0%&
,%&
#
*
#
,%&
+
.
3
2
+
2
'
3
,
%
&
'
'
$%& 0%&
,%&
!
#
)
#
#
'
(
+
'( *
4
+
4
'
2
#
#
!
%
#
"
#
$%&
)
#
/
!
"
#
*
"
*
#
"
"
#
1
#
*
!
1
/
(
"
-
#
#
#
*
+
+
1
5 1
5
/
6
(
"
1
3
"
"
!
-
#
#
#
-
#
*
+
+
.
1
7
7 1
1
6
)
(
!
"
"
#
#
/
# #
#
#
"
#
*
+
8
4
+
2
1
8 1
)
1
1
*
+
+
3
1
9 1
9
1
0
1
1
*
+
5
+
$
1
0
%
(
#
#
(
#
) "
) "
#
) "
#
) "
#
)
"
,
,
$%& )
#
-
"
"
.
&
'
&
*
'
*
&'*
:
#
#
)
&'*
$%& *
+
7
&'*
$%&
*
+
2
&
'
*
!#
#
1
(
+
!#
.
-
:
+
!#
+
.%
+
./
+
.*
; % * :
/ <
=
* 1
(
:
-
9 0
-
:
:
1
1> %6*
:
9/
8
3
6+!7
#
#
9/
#
399
1
6+!37
:
#
-
6+!7
1
:
!
!
3
:
)
/&* 1!
(
-
#
#
33 0
:
-
#
-
1
8
4 3
-
#
)1(
?
1
(
)
?1( )
1
!
#
<
#
-
9 0
-
6!
6 !23
#
7
2
2
#
#
6 23
)
-
3
?1(
$%& ?1(
(
@
(
@
$
)
(
#
&'*
#
#
(
"
#
/
#
#
"
#
#
9
@
#
'
#
#
99A
#
@
)
#
)
(
0%* 0
%
*
=)'
#
@
(
#
#
-
#
@
)
+
+
4
*
2
2 % @
; / )
/
/
#
)
#
/
#
0%*
#
1
/
#
*
/
#
#
+
3
+
5
3 /
6
6
$%&
,%&
!
6
#
6
=)'
#
!
#
6
#
6
#
#
1*( '(
#
'(B )(B '
*
+
+
7
4
4 6
6
6
#
"
#
=)' 6
!
(
#
#
6
!
-
#
#
#
!
8
$%&
0
0
(*
#
"
(
$
'
'
) "
( "
')( )
% )$ 0
')( 1
)
.
"
#
#
!
!
#
$
%
$
&
%
&
$%&
$%&
'(
$%&
#
#
)
'(
#
*
+
+
$
%
&
#
$%&
$%&
#
!
#
"
#
(
#
#
"
!
#
"
"
*
#
+
$%&
"
.
1
1
-
-
-
+
) "
,
-
,
-
*
+
) "
,
-
*
+
+
0
%
0
.
,
-
*
*
.%
,
-
*
,
-
*
./
*
!) "
&
%
&
0%&
"
$%&
$%&
0%&
!
0%&
#
"
*
,
%
,
#
#
+
.
#
0%&
2
+
0
%
&
&
%
&
,%&
#
#
#
,%&
$%&
0%& ,%&
$%&
,%&
$%& 0%&
,%&
#
*
#
,%&
+
.
3
2
+
2
'
3
,
%
&
'
'
$%& 0%&
,%&
!
#
)
#
#
'
(
+
'( *
4
+
4
'
2
#
#
!
%
#
"
#
$%&
)
#
/
!
"
#
*
"
*
#
"
"
#
1
#
*
!
1
/
(
"
-
#
#
#
*
+
+
1
5 1
5
/
6
(
"
1
3
"
"
!
-
#
#
#
-
#
*
+
+
.
1
7
7 1
1
6
)
(
!
"
"
#
#
/
# #
#
#
"
#
*
+
8
4
+
2
1
8 1
)
1
1
*
+
+
3
1
9 1
9
1
0
1
1
*
+
5
+
$
1
0
%
(
#
#
(
#
) "
) "
#
) "
#
) "
#
)
"
,
,
$%& )
#
-
"
"
.
&
'
&
*
'
*
&'*
:
#
#
)
&'*
$%& *
+
7
&'*
$%&
*
+
2
&
'
*
!#
#
1
(
+
!#
.
-
:
+
!#
+
.%
+
./
+
.*
; % * :
/ <
=
* 1
(
:
-
9 0
-
:
:
1
1> %6*
:
9/
8
3
6+!7
#
#
9/
#
399
1
6+!37
:
#
-
6+!7
1
:
!
!
3
:
)
/&* 1!
(
-
#
#
33 0
:
-
#
-
1
8
4 3
-
#
)1(
?
1
(
)
?1( )
1
!
#
<
#
-
9 0
-
6!
6 !23
#
7
2
2
#
#
6 23
)
-
3
?1(
$%& ?1(
(
@
(
@
$
)
(
#
&'*
#
#
(
"
#
/
#
#
"
#
#
9
@
#
'
#
#
99A
#
@
)
#
)
(
0%* 0
%
*
=)'
#
@
(
#
#
-
#
@
)
+
+
4
*
2
2 % @
; / )
/
/
#
)
#
/
#
0%*
#
1
/
#
*
/
#
#
+
3
+
5
3 /
6
6
$%&
,%&
!
6
#
6
=)'
#
!
#
6
#
6
#
#
1*( '(
#
'(B )(B '
*
+
+
7
4
4 6
6
6
#
"
#
=)' 6
!
(
#
#
6
!
-
#
#
#
!
8
$%&
0
0
(*
#
"
(
$
'
'
) "
( "
')( )
% )$ 0
')( 1
)
.