T B.ING 1303024 Table of content
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE OF APPROVAL ........................................................................................... i
STATEMENT OF AUTHORIZATION ................................................................. ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ..................................................................................... iii
ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................... iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................................ v
LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................... viii
LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................... ix
LIST OF APPENDICES ......................................................................................... x
CHAPTER 1 ........................................................................................................... 1
INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................. 1
1.1
The Background of the Study ................................................................. 1
1.2
The Problems of the Study ...................................................................... 3
1.3
The Objectives of the Study .................................................................... 4
1.4
Significance of the Study ........................................................................ 4
1.5
Operational Definition ............................................................................ 5
1.6
Organization of the Thesis ...................................................................... 5
1.7
Concluding Remarks ............................................................................... 6
CHAPTER 2 ........................................................................................................... 7
LITERATURE REVIEW........................................................................................ 7
2.1
Text Complexity ..................................................................................... 7
2.1.1
Lexical Density ................................................................................. 8
2.1.2
Lexical Variation ............................................................................. 11
2.1.3
Grammatical Intricacy..................................................................... 11
2.2
Types of Clauses ................................................................................... 14
2.2.1
Minor and Major Clauses ................................................................ 14
2.2.2
Clause Complexes and Clause Simplexes....................................... 15
2.2.3
Embedded vs. Non-Embedded Clauses .......................................... 16
2.3
Text and Genre ...................................................................................... 17
2.4
Genres in the Curriculum of English Subject ....................................... 22
2.4.1
Narrative .......................................................................................... 24
2.4.2
Recount ........................................................................................... 24
v
Dhani Aldila Putra, 2016
TEXT COMPLEXITY OF SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL ENGLISH TEXTBOOKS: A SYSTEMIC FUNCTIONAL
PERSPECTIVE
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
2.4.3
Spoof ............................................................................................... 25
2.4.4
Descriptive ...................................................................................... 25
2.4.5
Explanation ..................................................................................... 25
2.4.6
Procedure......................................................................................... 26
2.4.7
Report .............................................................................................. 26
2.4.8
Review............................................................................................. 26
2.4.9
News Item ....................................................................................... 27
2.4.10
Analytical Exposition ...................................................................... 28
2.4.11
Hortatory Exposition ....................................................................... 28
2.4.12
Discussion ....................................................................................... 29
2.5
Textbooks .............................................................................................. 29
2.5.1
The Nature of Textbook .................................................................. 30
2.5.2
The Birth of Textbook..................................................................... 31
2.5.3
Two Different Types of Textbooks in the Language Classroom .... 31
2.5.4
The Characteristics of Textbook on Curriculum in Indonesia ........ 33
2.5.5
English Textbook ............................................................................ 33
2.6
The Functional Grammar Framework ................................................... 34
2.7
Related Previous Studies ....................................................................... 38
CHAPTER 3 ......................................................................................................... 42
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY .......................................................................... 42
3.1
Research Questions ............................................................................... 42
3.2
Research Design .................................................................................... 42
3.3
Data Collection...................................................................................... 43
3.4
Data Analysis ........................................................................................ 44
3.4.1
Lexical Density Analysis ................................................................ 44
3.4.2
Lexical Variation Analysis .............................................................. 45
3.4.3
Grammatical Intricacy Analysis ...................................................... 47
3.5
Concluding Remarks ............................................................................. 48
CHAPTER 4 ......................................................................................................... 49
FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION .......................................................................... 49
4.1
Findings ................................................................................................. 49
4.1.1
General Findings of the Texts ......................................................... 49
4.1.2
Lexical Density ............................................................................... 51
vi
Dhani Aldila Putra, 2016
TEXT COMPLEXITY OF SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL ENGLISH TEXTBOOKS: A SYSTEMIC FUNCTIONAL
PERSPECTIVE
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
4.1.2.1
Lexical Density among Textbooks .......................................... 54
4.1.2.2
Lexical Density within Textbooks ........................................... 59
4.1.3
Lexical Variation ............................................................................. 63
4.1.3.1
Lexical Variation among Textbooks........................................ 64
4.1.3.2
Lexical Variation within Textbooks ........................................ 68
4.1.4
Grammatical Intricacy..................................................................... 78
4.1.4.1
Grammatical Intricacy among Textbooks................................ 79
4.1.4.2
Grammatical Intricacy within Textbooks ................................ 81
4.1.5
Pedagogical Implications of Text Complexity Exploration ............ 84
4.2
Discussion ............................................................................................. 86
4.3
Concluding Remarks ............................................................................. 88
CHAPTER 5 ......................................................................................................... 89
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION .................................................... 89
5.1
Conclusion ............................................................................................ 89
5.2
Recommendation................................................................................... 92
REFERENCES...................................................................................................... 94
APPENDICES .................................................................................................... 101
vii
Dhani Aldila Putra, 2016
TEXT COMPLEXITY OF SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL ENGLISH TEXTBOOKS: A SYSTEMIC FUNCTIONAL
PERSPECTIVE
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
PAGE OF APPROVAL ........................................................................................... i
STATEMENT OF AUTHORIZATION ................................................................. ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ..................................................................................... iii
ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................... iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................................ v
LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................... viii
LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................... ix
LIST OF APPENDICES ......................................................................................... x
CHAPTER 1 ........................................................................................................... 1
INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................. 1
1.1
The Background of the Study ................................................................. 1
1.2
The Problems of the Study ...................................................................... 3
1.3
The Objectives of the Study .................................................................... 4
1.4
Significance of the Study ........................................................................ 4
1.5
Operational Definition ............................................................................ 5
1.6
Organization of the Thesis ...................................................................... 5
1.7
Concluding Remarks ............................................................................... 6
CHAPTER 2 ........................................................................................................... 7
LITERATURE REVIEW........................................................................................ 7
2.1
Text Complexity ..................................................................................... 7
2.1.1
Lexical Density ................................................................................. 8
2.1.2
Lexical Variation ............................................................................. 11
2.1.3
Grammatical Intricacy..................................................................... 11
2.2
Types of Clauses ................................................................................... 14
2.2.1
Minor and Major Clauses ................................................................ 14
2.2.2
Clause Complexes and Clause Simplexes....................................... 15
2.2.3
Embedded vs. Non-Embedded Clauses .......................................... 16
2.3
Text and Genre ...................................................................................... 17
2.4
Genres in the Curriculum of English Subject ....................................... 22
2.4.1
Narrative .......................................................................................... 24
2.4.2
Recount ........................................................................................... 24
v
Dhani Aldila Putra, 2016
TEXT COMPLEXITY OF SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL ENGLISH TEXTBOOKS: A SYSTEMIC FUNCTIONAL
PERSPECTIVE
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
2.4.3
Spoof ............................................................................................... 25
2.4.4
Descriptive ...................................................................................... 25
2.4.5
Explanation ..................................................................................... 25
2.4.6
Procedure......................................................................................... 26
2.4.7
Report .............................................................................................. 26
2.4.8
Review............................................................................................. 26
2.4.9
News Item ....................................................................................... 27
2.4.10
Analytical Exposition ...................................................................... 28
2.4.11
Hortatory Exposition ....................................................................... 28
2.4.12
Discussion ....................................................................................... 29
2.5
Textbooks .............................................................................................. 29
2.5.1
The Nature of Textbook .................................................................. 30
2.5.2
The Birth of Textbook..................................................................... 31
2.5.3
Two Different Types of Textbooks in the Language Classroom .... 31
2.5.4
The Characteristics of Textbook on Curriculum in Indonesia ........ 33
2.5.5
English Textbook ............................................................................ 33
2.6
The Functional Grammar Framework ................................................... 34
2.7
Related Previous Studies ....................................................................... 38
CHAPTER 3 ......................................................................................................... 42
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY .......................................................................... 42
3.1
Research Questions ............................................................................... 42
3.2
Research Design .................................................................................... 42
3.3
Data Collection...................................................................................... 43
3.4
Data Analysis ........................................................................................ 44
3.4.1
Lexical Density Analysis ................................................................ 44
3.4.2
Lexical Variation Analysis .............................................................. 45
3.4.3
Grammatical Intricacy Analysis ...................................................... 47
3.5
Concluding Remarks ............................................................................. 48
CHAPTER 4 ......................................................................................................... 49
FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION .......................................................................... 49
4.1
Findings ................................................................................................. 49
4.1.1
General Findings of the Texts ......................................................... 49
4.1.2
Lexical Density ............................................................................... 51
vi
Dhani Aldila Putra, 2016
TEXT COMPLEXITY OF SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL ENGLISH TEXTBOOKS: A SYSTEMIC FUNCTIONAL
PERSPECTIVE
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
4.1.2.1
Lexical Density among Textbooks .......................................... 54
4.1.2.2
Lexical Density within Textbooks ........................................... 59
4.1.3
Lexical Variation ............................................................................. 63
4.1.3.1
Lexical Variation among Textbooks........................................ 64
4.1.3.2
Lexical Variation within Textbooks ........................................ 68
4.1.4
Grammatical Intricacy..................................................................... 78
4.1.4.1
Grammatical Intricacy among Textbooks................................ 79
4.1.4.2
Grammatical Intricacy within Textbooks ................................ 81
4.1.5
Pedagogical Implications of Text Complexity Exploration ............ 84
4.2
Discussion ............................................................................................. 86
4.3
Concluding Remarks ............................................................................. 88
CHAPTER 5 ......................................................................................................... 89
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION .................................................... 89
5.1
Conclusion ............................................................................................ 89
5.2
Recommendation................................................................................... 92
REFERENCES...................................................................................................... 94
APPENDICES .................................................................................................... 101
vii
Dhani Aldila Putra, 2016
TEXT COMPLEXITY OF SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL ENGLISH TEXTBOOKS: A SYSTEMIC FUNCTIONAL
PERSPECTIVE
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu