KIM BY RUDYARD KIPLING: AN ANALYSIS TOWARDS THE LIFE CONDITION OF KIM THROUGH ABRAHAM MASLOWâS THEORY OF HUMAN NEEDS.
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KIM BY RUDYARD KIPLING:
AN ANALYSIS TOWARDS THE LIFE CONDITION OF KIM THROUGH
ABRAHAM MASLOW’S THEORY OF
HUMAN NEEDS
A THESIS
Submitted as a Partial Requirement in Obtaining Degree in the English
Bachelor Program, Faculty of Letters and Fine Arts,
Sebelas Maret University
By:
Cahya Sukma Aji Pratama
C1311009
FACULTY OF LETTERS AND FINE ARTS
SEBELAS MARET UNIVERSITY
SURAKARTA
2014
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KIM BY RUDYARD KIPLING:
AN ANALYSIS TOWARDS THE LIFE CONDITION OF KIM THROUGH
ABRAHAM MASLOW’S THEORY OF
HUMAN NEEDS
By
Cahya Sukma Aji Pratama
C1311009
Approved to be examined by the Board of Examiners,
Faculty of Letters and Fine Arts
Sebelas Maret University
Thesis Supervisor
Drs. Mugijatna, M.Si., Ph.D
NIP. 19510201 198601 1001
The Head of English Department
Drs. Agus Hari Wibowo, M.A, Ph.D
NIP. 19670830 199302 1001
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KIM BY RUDYARD KIPLING:
AN ANALYSIS TOWARDS THE LIFE CONDITION OF KIM THROUGH
ABRAHAM MASLOW’S THEORY OF
HUMAN NEEDS
By
Cahya Sukma Aji Pratama
C1311009
Examined and approved by the Board of Examiners, Faculty of Letters and Fine
Arts, Sebelas Maret University on June 11th, 2014.
Position
Chairperson
Name
Dra. Sri Kusumo Habsari, M.Hum., Ph.D
Signature
(
)
(
)
(
)
(
)
NIP. 196703231995122001
Secretary
Justine Niken Afda, S.S, MA
NIK 1986072320130201
First Examiner
Drs. Mugijatna, M.Si., Ph.D
NIP. 195102011986011001
Second Examiner
Yuyun Kusdianto, S.S., MA
NIP 197706182005011001
The Dean Faculty of Letters and Fine Arts
Sebelas Maret University
Drs. Riyadi Santosa, M.Ed., Ph.D
NIP. 19600328 198601 1001
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PRONOUNCEMENT
Name
: Cahya Sukma Aji Pratama
Student Number
: C1311009
This research entitled Kim by Rudyard Kipling: An Analysis towards the Life
Condition of Kim through Abraham Maslow’s Theory of Human Needs is neither
a kind of intended plagiarism nor written by other. All works and pieces of
writings consulted in this research are cited properly.
If someday it can be proven that I cheat, I am ready to take any consequences
given to me from the English Department, Faculty of Letters and Fine Arts,
Sebelas Maret University.
Surakarta,
June 2014
Researcher
Cahya Sukma Aji Pratama
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iv
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MOTTO
ROCK AND ROLL ALL THE TIME
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DEDICATION
I would like to dedicate this wonderful final project report
to:
My amazing and wonderful family
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vi
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to thank Lord Jesus. It is a wonderful moment to be still in
the wonderful way that You have in me. I would also give honor and thankfulness
for those who are involved in writing this final project report. They are:
1. The Dean of Faculty of Letters and Fine Arts, Sebelas Maret University, Drs.
Riyadi Santoso, M.Ed., Ph.D.
2. The Head of English Department, Drs. Agus Hari Wibowo, M.A., Ph.D.
3. My academic supervisor, Drs. Sugiyarto Budi Waskito, M.Pd.
4. My thesis supervisor, Drs. Mugijatna, M.Si., Ph.D.
5. Dra. Sri Kusumo Habsari, M.Hum., Ph.D. Thank you for your help and
enlightenment.
6. Justine Niken Afda, S.S, MA. Thank you for your information and advice.
7. My best lecturer, Mr. Yuyun Kusdianto, S.S., M.A. Thank you for
appreciating us and being a humble lecturer for us.
8. My lovely family. My mom and mbak Ayik especially. Thank you for loving
me, encouraging me, and supporting me.
9. My friends in English Department, especially Yunita.
Surakarta,
June 2014
Cahya Sukma Aji Pratama
commit to user
vii
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE ……………………………………………………………………..… i
APPROVAL OF CONSULTANT ………………………………………… ii
APPROVAL OF THE BOARD OF EXAMINERS ……………………… iii
PRONOUNCEMENT ……………………………………………….….….. iv
MOTTO ……………………………………………………………………... v
DEDICATION …………………………………………………………..…. vi
ACKNWOLEDGEMENT …………………………………………….…… vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS ……………………………………………….…. viii
ABSTRACT …………………………………………………………..…….
CHAPTER I
xiii
: INTRODUCTION ……………………………………….. 1
A. Background ………..…............................................... 1
B. Scope of Study………………………………..……… 6
C. Problem Statements ………………………………… 6
D. Research Objectives ………………………………… 7
E. Benefit of Study …………………………….………. 7
F. Research Methodology ……………………………... 7
1. Source of Data …………………………………… 8
2. Technique of Collecting Data …………………… 8
G. Data Analysis ……………………………….……….. 9
H. Theoretical Approach …………………………..…..
9
I. Thesis Organization …………………………..…….
10
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CHAPTER II : LITERATURE REVIEW……………………….…..…
12
A. The Correlation between Psychology and
the Literary Works ………………………………… 12
B. Human Needs by Abraham Maslow ………….…..
15
B. The Theory of Identity by James Marcia ……..…
20
1. Identity Diffusion ………..………………….…… 22
2. Identity Foreclosure …………………………..…
22
3. Identity Moratorium ……………………….……
22
4. Identity Achievement ……………………………. 23
C. The Correlation between the Self-Actualization
and the Theory of Identity …………….…….…..… 24
a. Five Characteristics of the Fully Functioning
Person …………………………………….……… 25
1. Open to Experience ………………….……….
25
2. Existential Living ………………………….….
26
3. Trust Feelings …………………………….…... 26
4. Creativity ……………………………………...
26
5. Fulfilled Life ………………………….…….…
26
b. Three Components of the Self-Concept ………... 27
1. Self-Worth …………………………….………. 27
2. Self-Image ………….……………………….…. 27
3. Ideal Self ……………………………….….…... 27
E. Rudyard Kipling ………….………………………..
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30
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CHAPTER III : DISCUSSION ………………………………….………..
34
A. Kim’s Survival in the Environment ………………. 34
1. Biological and Psychological Needs ………..…… 36
2. Safety Needs ………………………………….….
39
3. Social Needs ………………………………..….....
40
4. Esteem Needs ………………………....………….. 41
B. Kim’s Self-Actualization Process ……….…...……. 47
1. Characteristics of Self-Actualizers …………..…. 48
a. They Perceive Reality efficiently and can
Tolerate Uncertainty …………………….…..
49
b. Accepting Themselves and Others for what
They are………………………………………..
50
c. Spontaneous in Thought and Action ………...
54
d. Problem-Centered (not Self-Centered) ……... 56
e. Unusual Sense of Humor ……………………..
57
f. Able to Look at Life Objectively ………….….
58
g. Highly Creative …………………………….…
59
h. Resistant to Enculturation but Purposely
Unconventional …………………………..…..
59
i. Concern for the Welfare of Humanity ….…..
60
j. Capable of Deep Appreciation of Basic
Life-Experience ……………………………...
k. Establishing Deep Satisfying Interpersonal
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64
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Relationship with a few People ……………..
65
l. Peaking Experiences …………………………
66
m. Needing for Privacy …………………………
66
n. Democratic Attitude …………………………
68
o. Strong Moral/Ethical Standard ……………..
70
2. Some Behaviors which Lead Us to
Self-Actualization ………………………………
73
a. Experiencing Life like a Child, with full
Absorption and Concentration ……………..
74
b. Trying New Things instead of Sticking
to Safe Paths ………………………………...
75
c. Listening to Your own Feelings in Evaluating
Experiences instead of the Voice of Tradition,
Authority or the Majority …………………… 76
d. Avoiding Pretense and being Honest ……….
77
e. Being Prepared to be Unpopular if Your
Views do not Coincide with Those of the
Majority ………………………………………
78
f. Taking Responsibility and Working Hard ….. 79
g. Trying to Indentify Your Defenses and Having
the Courage to Support Them up ….….…….. 80
C. Kim’s Problem of Identity ……………...…….……. 81
CHAPTER IV : CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION …….….……….
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92
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A. Conclusion ……………………….……….………… 92
1. The Way Kim Lived and Survived in
the Environment …………….…………………... 92
2. The Way Kim’s Process of Self-Actualization
was Carried out …………………………………. 93
3. The Identity Problem of Kim due to the
Circumstances Surrounding him …………….… 93
B. Suggestion …………………………………………… 95
BIBLIOGRAPHY…………………………………………………………… 96
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ABSTRACT
Cahya Sukma Aji Pratama. C1311009. 2014. Kim by Rudyard Kipling: An
Analysis towards the Life Condition of Kim through Abraham Maslow’s
Theory of Human Needs. Undergraduate Thesis. Faculty of Letters and Fine
Arts. Sebelas Maret University.
The objectives of this research are to explain how the orphan Kim, as the main
character in Kim novel by Rudyard Kipling, lives and survives in his eastern and
western environments, fulfills his self-actualization process, and figures out what
really identity he really wants.
This research belongs to qualitative research with the application of Abraham
Maslow’s theory of human needs and the theory of identity by James Marcia. The
main data of this research are the conversation between Kim and the lama, and
other conversations among other characters which have something to do with the
title of this thesis, while supporting data come from other texts which are
connected with the analysis. They are articles on internet, some criticisms from
internet, and other books which are related to the issues. The two first problem
statements are answered by comparing Abraham Maslow’s theory of human needs
with Kim’s psychological aspects. Meanwhile, the third question is answered by
comparing the theory of identity by James Marcia with Kim’s identity process.
Based on the comparison result, the life condition of Kim was finally revealed.
Kim lived and survived well in his environment with the local people in Lahore,
India. He had many local friends who he could get help from. The half-cast
woman looked after him since his very young age until teenage. Some other local
people and the Red Bull also had the roles to help Kim live and survive. The local
people gave him friendship, love, and care while the Red Bull gave him job,
money, education, and prestige. Kim successfully tried to fulfill his human needs
from the very basic up to the highest. In Kim’s case, his self-actualization process
was carried out through his personal growth and the eastern wisdom showed by
his spiritual teacher i.e. the lama. Almost all the characteristics of a self-actualizer
were shown by his behavior. Moreover, the issue of Kim’s dual identity was also
revealed. It seemed that Kim had two identities but he tended to choose the
eastern identity rather than the western one. In the eastern identity, Kim felt love,
friendship, wisdom, comfort, simplicity in life, peace, and harmony, while his
western identity was close to war, violence, killing, blood shed, espionage,
danger, restlessness, and greed. However, both eastern and western identities in
Kim could not be separated.
Key words: Kim Novel, Human Needs, Abraham Maslow, Theory of Identity.
commit to user
xiii
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KIM BY RUDYARD KIPLING:
AN ANALYSIS TOWARDS THE LIFE CONDITION OF KIM THROUGH
ABRAHAM MASLOW’S THEORY OF
HUMAN NEEDS
A THESIS
Submitted as a Partial Requirement in Obtaining Degree in the English
Bachelor Program, Faculty of Letters and Fine Arts,
Sebelas Maret University
By:
Cahya Sukma Aji Pratama
C1311009
FACULTY OF LETTERS AND FINE ARTS
SEBELAS MARET UNIVERSITY
SURAKARTA
2014
commit to user
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id
digilib.uns.ac.id
KIM BY RUDYARD KIPLING:
AN ANALYSIS TOWARDS THE LIFE CONDITION OF KIM THROUGH
ABRAHAM MASLOW’S THEORY OF
HUMAN NEEDS
By
Cahya Sukma Aji Pratama
C1311009
Approved to be examined by the Board of Examiners,
Faculty of Letters and Fine Arts
Sebelas Maret University
Thesis Supervisor
Drs. Mugijatna, M.Si., Ph.D
NIP. 19510201 198601 1001
The Head of English Department
Drs. Agus Hari Wibowo, M.A, Ph.D
NIP. 19670830 199302 1001
commit to user
ii
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id
digilib.uns.ac.id
KIM BY RUDYARD KIPLING:
AN ANALYSIS TOWARDS THE LIFE CONDITION OF KIM THROUGH
ABRAHAM MASLOW’S THEORY OF
HUMAN NEEDS
By
Cahya Sukma Aji Pratama
C1311009
Examined and approved by the Board of Examiners, Faculty of Letters and Fine
Arts, Sebelas Maret University on June 11th, 2014.
Position
Chairperson
Name
Dra. Sri Kusumo Habsari, M.Hum., Ph.D
Signature
(
)
(
)
(
)
(
)
NIP. 196703231995122001
Secretary
Justine Niken Afda, S.S, MA
NIK 1986072320130201
First Examiner
Drs. Mugijatna, M.Si., Ph.D
NIP. 195102011986011001
Second Examiner
Yuyun Kusdianto, S.S., MA
NIP 197706182005011001
The Dean Faculty of Letters and Fine Arts
Sebelas Maret University
Drs. Riyadi Santosa, M.Ed., Ph.D
NIP. 19600328 198601 1001
commit to user
iii
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id
digilib.uns.ac.id
PRONOUNCEMENT
Name
: Cahya Sukma Aji Pratama
Student Number
: C1311009
This research entitled Kim by Rudyard Kipling: An Analysis towards the Life
Condition of Kim through Abraham Maslow’s Theory of Human Needs is neither
a kind of intended plagiarism nor written by other. All works and pieces of
writings consulted in this research are cited properly.
If someday it can be proven that I cheat, I am ready to take any consequences
given to me from the English Department, Faculty of Letters and Fine Arts,
Sebelas Maret University.
Surakarta,
June 2014
Researcher
Cahya Sukma Aji Pratama
commit to user
iv
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id
digilib.uns.ac.id
MOTTO
ROCK AND ROLL ALL THE TIME
commit to user
v
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id
digilib.uns.ac.id
DEDICATION
I would like to dedicate this wonderful final project report
to:
My amazing and wonderful family
commit to user
vi
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id
digilib.uns.ac.id
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to thank Lord Jesus. It is a wonderful moment to be still in
the wonderful way that You have in me. I would also give honor and thankfulness
for those who are involved in writing this final project report. They are:
1. The Dean of Faculty of Letters and Fine Arts, Sebelas Maret University, Drs.
Riyadi Santoso, M.Ed., Ph.D.
2. The Head of English Department, Drs. Agus Hari Wibowo, M.A., Ph.D.
3. My academic supervisor, Drs. Sugiyarto Budi Waskito, M.Pd.
4. My thesis supervisor, Drs. Mugijatna, M.Si., Ph.D.
5. Dra. Sri Kusumo Habsari, M.Hum., Ph.D. Thank you for your help and
enlightenment.
6. Justine Niken Afda, S.S, MA. Thank you for your information and advice.
7. My best lecturer, Mr. Yuyun Kusdianto, S.S., M.A. Thank you for
appreciating us and being a humble lecturer for us.
8. My lovely family. My mom and mbak Ayik especially. Thank you for loving
me, encouraging me, and supporting me.
9. My friends in English Department, especially Yunita.
Surakarta,
June 2014
Cahya Sukma Aji Pratama
commit to user
vii
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id
digilib.uns.ac.id
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE ……………………………………………………………………..… i
APPROVAL OF CONSULTANT ………………………………………… ii
APPROVAL OF THE BOARD OF EXAMINERS ……………………… iii
PRONOUNCEMENT ……………………………………………….….….. iv
MOTTO ……………………………………………………………………... v
DEDICATION …………………………………………………………..…. vi
ACKNWOLEDGEMENT …………………………………………….…… vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS ……………………………………………….…. viii
ABSTRACT …………………………………………………………..…….
CHAPTER I
xiii
: INTRODUCTION ……………………………………….. 1
A. Background ………..…............................................... 1
B. Scope of Study………………………………..……… 6
C. Problem Statements ………………………………… 6
D. Research Objectives ………………………………… 7
E. Benefit of Study …………………………….………. 7
F. Research Methodology ……………………………... 7
1. Source of Data …………………………………… 8
2. Technique of Collecting Data …………………… 8
G. Data Analysis ……………………………….……….. 9
H. Theoretical Approach …………………………..…..
9
I. Thesis Organization …………………………..…….
10
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viii
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CHAPTER II : LITERATURE REVIEW……………………….…..…
12
A. The Correlation between Psychology and
the Literary Works ………………………………… 12
B. Human Needs by Abraham Maslow ………….…..
15
B. The Theory of Identity by James Marcia ……..…
20
1. Identity Diffusion ………..………………….…… 22
2. Identity Foreclosure …………………………..…
22
3. Identity Moratorium ……………………….……
22
4. Identity Achievement ……………………………. 23
C. The Correlation between the Self-Actualization
and the Theory of Identity …………….…….…..… 24
a. Five Characteristics of the Fully Functioning
Person …………………………………….……… 25
1. Open to Experience ………………….……….
25
2. Existential Living ………………………….….
26
3. Trust Feelings …………………………….…... 26
4. Creativity ……………………………………...
26
5. Fulfilled Life ………………………….…….…
26
b. Three Components of the Self-Concept ………... 27
1. Self-Worth …………………………….………. 27
2. Self-Image ………….……………………….…. 27
3. Ideal Self ……………………………….….…... 27
E. Rudyard Kipling ………….………………………..
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ix
30
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CHAPTER III : DISCUSSION ………………………………….………..
34
A. Kim’s Survival in the Environment ………………. 34
1. Biological and Psychological Needs ………..…… 36
2. Safety Needs ………………………………….….
39
3. Social Needs ………………………………..….....
40
4. Esteem Needs ………………………....………….. 41
B. Kim’s Self-Actualization Process ……….…...……. 47
1. Characteristics of Self-Actualizers …………..…. 48
a. They Perceive Reality efficiently and can
Tolerate Uncertainty …………………….…..
49
b. Accepting Themselves and Others for what
They are………………………………………..
50
c. Spontaneous in Thought and Action ………...
54
d. Problem-Centered (not Self-Centered) ……... 56
e. Unusual Sense of Humor ……………………..
57
f. Able to Look at Life Objectively ………….….
58
g. Highly Creative …………………………….…
59
h. Resistant to Enculturation but Purposely
Unconventional …………………………..…..
59
i. Concern for the Welfare of Humanity ….…..
60
j. Capable of Deep Appreciation of Basic
Life-Experience ……………………………...
k. Establishing Deep Satisfying Interpersonal
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x
64
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Relationship with a few People ……………..
65
l. Peaking Experiences …………………………
66
m. Needing for Privacy …………………………
66
n. Democratic Attitude …………………………
68
o. Strong Moral/Ethical Standard ……………..
70
2. Some Behaviors which Lead Us to
Self-Actualization ………………………………
73
a. Experiencing Life like a Child, with full
Absorption and Concentration ……………..
74
b. Trying New Things instead of Sticking
to Safe Paths ………………………………...
75
c. Listening to Your own Feelings in Evaluating
Experiences instead of the Voice of Tradition,
Authority or the Majority …………………… 76
d. Avoiding Pretense and being Honest ……….
77
e. Being Prepared to be Unpopular if Your
Views do not Coincide with Those of the
Majority ………………………………………
78
f. Taking Responsibility and Working Hard ….. 79
g. Trying to Indentify Your Defenses and Having
the Courage to Support Them up ….….…….. 80
C. Kim’s Problem of Identity ……………...…….……. 81
CHAPTER IV : CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION …….….……….
commit to user
xi
92
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id
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A. Conclusion ……………………….……….………… 92
1. The Way Kim Lived and Survived in
the Environment …………….…………………... 92
2. The Way Kim’s Process of Self-Actualization
was Carried out …………………………………. 93
3. The Identity Problem of Kim due to the
Circumstances Surrounding him …………….… 93
B. Suggestion …………………………………………… 95
BIBLIOGRAPHY…………………………………………………………… 96
commit to user
xii
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digilib.uns.ac.id
ABSTRACT
Cahya Sukma Aji Pratama. C1311009. 2014. Kim by Rudyard Kipling: An
Analysis towards the Life Condition of Kim through Abraham Maslow’s
Theory of Human Needs. Undergraduate Thesis. Faculty of Letters and Fine
Arts. Sebelas Maret University.
The objectives of this research are to explain how the orphan Kim, as the main
character in Kim novel by Rudyard Kipling, lives and survives in his eastern and
western environments, fulfills his self-actualization process, and figures out what
really identity he really wants.
This research belongs to qualitative research with the application of Abraham
Maslow’s theory of human needs and the theory of identity by James Marcia. The
main data of this research are the conversation between Kim and the lama, and
other conversations among other characters which have something to do with the
title of this thesis, while supporting data come from other texts which are
connected with the analysis. They are articles on internet, some criticisms from
internet, and other books which are related to the issues. The two first problem
statements are answered by comparing Abraham Maslow’s theory of human needs
with Kim’s psychological aspects. Meanwhile, the third question is answered by
comparing the theory of identity by James Marcia with Kim’s identity process.
Based on the comparison result, the life condition of Kim was finally revealed.
Kim lived and survived well in his environment with the local people in Lahore,
India. He had many local friends who he could get help from. The half-cast
woman looked after him since his very young age until teenage. Some other local
people and the Red Bull also had the roles to help Kim live and survive. The local
people gave him friendship, love, and care while the Red Bull gave him job,
money, education, and prestige. Kim successfully tried to fulfill his human needs
from the very basic up to the highest. In Kim’s case, his self-actualization process
was carried out through his personal growth and the eastern wisdom showed by
his spiritual teacher i.e. the lama. Almost all the characteristics of a self-actualizer
were shown by his behavior. Moreover, the issue of Kim’s dual identity was also
revealed. It seemed that Kim had two identities but he tended to choose the
eastern identity rather than the western one. In the eastern identity, Kim felt love,
friendship, wisdom, comfort, simplicity in life, peace, and harmony, while his
western identity was close to war, violence, killing, blood shed, espionage,
danger, restlessness, and greed. However, both eastern and western identities in
Kim could not be separated.
Key words: Kim Novel, Human Needs, Abraham Maslow, Theory of Identity.
commit to user
xiii