THE INFLUENCE OF COMMUNITY SPIRIT IN GAINING EDUCATION ON ANDREA HIRATA’S The Influence Of Community Spirit In Gaining Education On Andrea Hirata's The Rainbow Troops Novel : A Sociological Approach.
THE INFLUENCE OF COMMUNITY SPIRIT IN
GAINING EDUCATION ON ANDREA HIRATA’S
THE RAINBOW TROOPS NOVEL (2009):
A SOCIOLOGICAL APPROACH
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for Getting Bachelor Degree of Education
in English Department
by:
Meila Fitriana
A320080180
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2012
APPROVAL
THE INFLUENCE OF COMMUNITY SPIRIT IN GAINING EDUCATION
ON ANDREA HIRATA’S
THE RAINBOW TROOPS NOVEL (2009):
A SOCIOLOGICAL APPROACH
By:
Meila Fitriana
A 320 080 180
Approved to be Examined
by the Consultant Team
Consultant I
Consultant II
Dr.Phil.Dewi Candraningrum, M.Ed.
Titis Setyabudi, S.S, M.Hum.
ii
ACCEPTANCE
THE INFLUENCE OF COMMUNITY SPIRIT IN GAINING EDUCATION
ON ANDREA HIRATA’S
THE RAINBOW TROOPS NOVEL (2009):
A SOCIOLOGICAL APPROACH
By
Meila Fitriana
A 320 080 180
Accepted and Approved by the Board of Examiners
School of Teacher Training and Education
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
On February
Team of Examiners:
1.
2.
3.
Dr.Phil.Dewi Candraningrum, M.Ed. (
(Chair Person)
Titis Setyabudi, S.S M. Hum.
(
(Secretary)
Drs. Abdillah Nugroho, M.Hum.
(
(Member)
Dean,
Drs. Sofyan Anif, M.Si.
NIK. 547
iii
)
)
)
TESTIMONY
I hereby assert that there is no plagiarism in this research paper. There is no other
work that has been submitted to obtain the bachelor degree and as far as I
concerned there is no opinion that has been written or published before, except
the written references which are referred in this paper and mentioned in the
bibliography. If any incorrectness is proved in the future dealing with my
statement above, I will be fully responsible.
Surakarta, 20 Januari 2012
The writer
Meila Fitriana
iv
MOTTO
“You never know how strong
you are until being strong is
the only choice you have.”
( Cut Tari)
“When you are happy, be
thankful and your happiness
is greatly multiplied. When
you are feeling down, be
thankful and you’ll be soon
be feeling much better.”
( Anonime)
If there is a difficulty,
there must be a way to finish
it.
(QS. Alam Nasyrah)
v
DEDICATION
This research paper is whole heartedly dedicated to:
♥ The Greatest Allah SWT
♥ My beloved father and grandma in heaven
♥ My beloved mother
♥ My beloved twin “Meila Fitriani”
♥ My beloved brother and sister “Mas Ari and
Mbak Ninuk”
♥ My lovely man
♥ My beloved friends
vi
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Thanks to Allah the most merciful, His blessing, can never be measured nor
calculated, so that the writer can finish this research. And thanks also for the great
prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him, who bring the Muslim from the darkness
into the brightness. The writer realizes that it is impossible to finish this paper
without many supports from several people. Therefore, the writer wants to express
her sincerest gratitude for all of them.
In finishing this research, the writer is indebted for the great helps, guidance,
and attention to the following persons:
1.
Dr. Phil. Dewi Candraningrum, S.Pd, M.Ed., as the first consultant, who has
given guidance, advice, information, and time to share the story during the
arrangement of the research paper.
2.
Titis Setyabudi, S.S, M.Hum., as the second consultant, who has corrected the
grammatical structure of the research paper, and as the chief of English
Department Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
3.
Drs. Sofyan Anif, M.Si., as the Dean of School of Teaching Training and
Education Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
vii
4.
All lectures of English Department Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta for
their patient in teaching the writer.
5.
Her beloved parents, (Alm) Bapak Harun Rasyid and Ibu Roni’in, thanks for
the love, prayer, support, sacrifices, and strength for her life. She always misses
her father so much and prays to Allah, He gives a best place for her father in His
side. And for her mother, she learns about the strength to experience her life
patiently.
6.
Her lovely twin, Meila Fitriani, thanks for being her amazing life partner; for
everything that they share together since they were children until now; for the
support, strength, tears, laugh, and also love.
7.
Her beloved brother Mas Ari and her beloved sister Mbak Ninuk, for the
support, advice, sacrifices, and prayer in her life.
8.
Her beloved grandmother, (Alm) Sutriyah, for the sweetest time that spent for
her. She really misses her grandmother, especially for their morning time to
walking together. She prays to Allah, He gives a best place for her grandmother
in His side.
9.
Her funniest nieces, Nia and Alya, and her nephew Naufal, for all cutes, smiles,
and disputes, they have been coloring her days become sweeter.
10. Her best friends in Senior High School, Wildan, Muti, Emyu, Izzi, Nurul,
Mbak Nda, Ardi, and many more, for all the craziness, laugh, tears, sharing,
support, and love. She hopes they are always be best friend forever.
viii
11. Her best friends in campus, Juli, Tata, Rina, Andika, Candra, Dephi and
Agung, for making her life become colorful. She thanks for the support, sharing,
spirit, story, craziness, laugh, jokes, and sweet moments during studying in
UMS. She hopes that they will always be best friends and remembering each
other.
12. Her dearest friends in campus that she cannot mention them one by one, for the
support, sharing, story, advice, spirit, laugh, craziness, and wonderful moments
during studying in UMS.
13. Her The Oxford Drama Group, for the best experiences that she never
experiences before. Thanks for making her to be ”Bella Swan” for a while.
14. Her dearest friends in Griya Navilia, Oneng, Mbak Tika, Mbak Eno, Mbak
Pita, Mbak Ayuk, Mbak Intan, Mbak Nita, Sari, Anggit, Mbak Tiwi, Mbak
Oni, Mbak Arum, Nyunyun, Dince, Rina, Memed, Kiki, Pipin, Wulan, Etyk,
Devi, Yunita, Shasa, Elida, Ajeng, Sari, and Zahra, who are her second family
in Solo, for all craziness, laugh, love, spirit, advice, sharing, support, and prayer.
15. Her dearest friends in PSM Voca Al Kindi, Fitri, Mbak Epi, Mas Juna, Zulia,
Anggit, Nisa, Ambar, Danar, Inem, Nia, Isna, Mbak Wati, Esti, Ilham, Ali,
Usi, Bagas, Zaena, Febi, Jojo, Kokoh, Mas Qod, Rama, Sigit, Ayu Fajar, and
the others, who are her the new family in Solo. She thanks for songs that always
sing together, laugh, craziness, support, spirit, advice, sharing, tears, struggle,
and wonderful experiences during join PSM VAK. She will not forget the best
moments with them.
ix
16. Her loyal and best boy friend, Muhammad Yulianto, for the faithfulness for
more than three years, for all the loves, sharing, jokes, spirit, support,
companions, laugh, surprise, and patience. She thanks to him because he has
been making her days become more beautiful.
17. Last but not least, those who cannot be mentioned one by one, who have
supported her to finish the research paper and also to start her future.
The writer realizes that there are many weaknesses in this research paper, caused
by the limitation of her capability and knowledge. Thus, the writer welcomes any
constructive criticism from readers for the perfection of this work. Finally, she
hopes this research paper would be useful for the readers.
Surakarta, 20 Januari 2012
Meila Fitriana
x
TABLE OF CONTENT
TITLE ............................................................................................................
i
APPROVAL ..................................................................................................
ii
ACCEPTANCE .............................................................................................
iii
TESTIMONY ................................................................................................
iv
MOTTO ..........................................................................................................
v
DEDICATION ................................................................................................
vi
ACKNOWLEDMENT ...................................................................................
vii
TABLE OF CONTENT .....................................................................................
xi
ABSTRACT ...................................................................................................
xv
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study.................................................
1
B. Literature Review ............................................................
8
C. Problem Statement ..........................................................
10
D. Object of the Study .........................................................
10
E. Limitation of the Study ...................................................
10
F. Benefit of the Study ........................................................
11
G. Research Method.............................................................
11
H. Research Paper Organization ..........................................
13
CHAPTER II: UNDERLYING THEORY
A. Sociology of Literature ..................................................
15
B. Major Principle of Sociology of Literature ....................
17
1. Sociology of the Writer .............................................
17
2. Sociology of the Society ..........................................
18
3. Sociology of the Reader ...........................................
19
C. Structural Element of the Novel
1. Characters and Characterization ...............................
20
2. Setting .......................................................................
21
3.
Plot ...............................................................................
23
4. Point of View ............................................................
25
xi
5. Style .........................................................................
25
6. Theme .......................................................................
27
D. Theoretical Application ..................................................
28
CHAPTER III: SOCIAL
HISTORICAL
BACKGROUND
OF
INDONESIAN SOCIETY IN THE TWENTIETH
CENTURY
A. Aspect of Social Background ........................................
29
1. Social Aspect .............................................................
30
2. Economic Aspect ......................................................
35
3. Political Aspect ........................................................
37
4. Science and Technology Aspect ..............................
40
5. Cultural Aspect .........................................................
42
6. Religious Aspect ......................................................
46
B. History of Indonesian Education ..................................
51
1. Education Problems ..................................................
53
2. Elementary Schools ..................................................
59
3. Elementary Schools in Belitong ...............................
63
C. The Life of Andrea Hirata .............................................
63
CHAPTER IV: STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
A. Structural Elements of the Novel ....................................
67
1. Character and Characterization .................................
67
a. Major Character....................................................
67
b. Minor Character ...................................................
82
2. Setting ......................................................................
87
a. Setting of Place ....................................................
87
b. Setting of Time ....................................................
89
c. Setting of Social ..................................................
90
3. Plot ...........................................................................
91
a. Exposition ............................................................
91
b. Complication .......................................................
92
c. Climax .................................................................
94
xii
d. Resolution ............................................................
95
4. Point of View ...........................................................
95
5. Style .........................................................................
96
a. Diction .................................................................
96
b. Grammatical Structure ........................................
96
c. Rhetoric ...............................................................
97
1) Figurative Language .......................................
98
2) Imagery ...........................................................
99
d. Symbol ................................................................
100
6. Theme .......................................................................
100
B. Discussion .......................................................................
101
CHAPTER V: SOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS
A. Sociological Analysis .....................................................
105
1.
Social Aspect ...........................................................
106
2.
Economic Aspect .....................................................
116
3.
Political Aspect ........................................................
120
4.
Science and Technology Aspect ...............................
122
5.
Cultural Aspect ........................................................
125
6.
Religious Aspect ......................................................
128
B. Discussion .......................................................................
131
CHAPTER VI: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
A. Conclusion ......................................................................
139
B. Suggestion .......................................................................
140
BIBLIOGRAPHY ............................................................................................... 141
APPENDIX ....................................................................................................
xiii
144
ABSTRACT
MEILA FITRIANA, A 320 080 180, THE INFLUENCE OF COMMUNITY
SPIRIT IN GAINING EDUCATION ON ANDREA HIRATA’S THE
RAINBOW TROOPS NOVEL: A SOCIOLOGICAL APPROACH.
RESEARCH
PAPER.
MUHAMMADIYAH
UNIVERSITY
OF
SURAKARTA. 2012.
The problem of this study is how community spirit influence in gaining
education is reflected in Andrea Hirata’s The Rainbow Troops novel. The
objective of this study is to analyze the novel based on the structural elements and
to analyze the novel based on the sociological approach.
This study belongs to qualitative method. In this method, there are two
types of data source, namely primary and secondary data source. The primary data
source is the novel itself, meanwhile the secondary data sources are other
materials related to the study. Both data are collected through library research and
analyzed by descriptive analysis.
Based on the analysis the researcher draws the following conclusions.
First, based on the structural analysis of each element, it shows that the character
and characterization, setting, plot, point of view, style, and theme are related to
each other and form the unity into good quality of novel. Second, based on the
sociological analysis, there is a close relationship between the novel story and the
reality of Indonesian life. Andrea Hirata describes the society life under the
poverty condition.
Keywords: Community spirit, The Rainbow Troops, Sociological Approach.
Consultant I
Consultant II
Dr.Phil.Dewi Candraningrum, M.Ed.
NIK.772
Titis Setyabudi,S.S, M.Hum.
NIK.948
Dean,
Drs. H.Sofyan Anif, M.Si.
NIK.547
xv
GAINING EDUCATION ON ANDREA HIRATA’S
THE RAINBOW TROOPS NOVEL (2009):
A SOCIOLOGICAL APPROACH
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for Getting Bachelor Degree of Education
in English Department
by:
Meila Fitriana
A320080180
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2012
APPROVAL
THE INFLUENCE OF COMMUNITY SPIRIT IN GAINING EDUCATION
ON ANDREA HIRATA’S
THE RAINBOW TROOPS NOVEL (2009):
A SOCIOLOGICAL APPROACH
By:
Meila Fitriana
A 320 080 180
Approved to be Examined
by the Consultant Team
Consultant I
Consultant II
Dr.Phil.Dewi Candraningrum, M.Ed.
Titis Setyabudi, S.S, M.Hum.
ii
ACCEPTANCE
THE INFLUENCE OF COMMUNITY SPIRIT IN GAINING EDUCATION
ON ANDREA HIRATA’S
THE RAINBOW TROOPS NOVEL (2009):
A SOCIOLOGICAL APPROACH
By
Meila Fitriana
A 320 080 180
Accepted and Approved by the Board of Examiners
School of Teacher Training and Education
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
On February
Team of Examiners:
1.
2.
3.
Dr.Phil.Dewi Candraningrum, M.Ed. (
(Chair Person)
Titis Setyabudi, S.S M. Hum.
(
(Secretary)
Drs. Abdillah Nugroho, M.Hum.
(
(Member)
Dean,
Drs. Sofyan Anif, M.Si.
NIK. 547
iii
)
)
)
TESTIMONY
I hereby assert that there is no plagiarism in this research paper. There is no other
work that has been submitted to obtain the bachelor degree and as far as I
concerned there is no opinion that has been written or published before, except
the written references which are referred in this paper and mentioned in the
bibliography. If any incorrectness is proved in the future dealing with my
statement above, I will be fully responsible.
Surakarta, 20 Januari 2012
The writer
Meila Fitriana
iv
MOTTO
“You never know how strong
you are until being strong is
the only choice you have.”
( Cut Tari)
“When you are happy, be
thankful and your happiness
is greatly multiplied. When
you are feeling down, be
thankful and you’ll be soon
be feeling much better.”
( Anonime)
If there is a difficulty,
there must be a way to finish
it.
(QS. Alam Nasyrah)
v
DEDICATION
This research paper is whole heartedly dedicated to:
♥ The Greatest Allah SWT
♥ My beloved father and grandma in heaven
♥ My beloved mother
♥ My beloved twin “Meila Fitriani”
♥ My beloved brother and sister “Mas Ari and
Mbak Ninuk”
♥ My lovely man
♥ My beloved friends
vi
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Thanks to Allah the most merciful, His blessing, can never be measured nor
calculated, so that the writer can finish this research. And thanks also for the great
prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him, who bring the Muslim from the darkness
into the brightness. The writer realizes that it is impossible to finish this paper
without many supports from several people. Therefore, the writer wants to express
her sincerest gratitude for all of them.
In finishing this research, the writer is indebted for the great helps, guidance,
and attention to the following persons:
1.
Dr. Phil. Dewi Candraningrum, S.Pd, M.Ed., as the first consultant, who has
given guidance, advice, information, and time to share the story during the
arrangement of the research paper.
2.
Titis Setyabudi, S.S, M.Hum., as the second consultant, who has corrected the
grammatical structure of the research paper, and as the chief of English
Department Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
3.
Drs. Sofyan Anif, M.Si., as the Dean of School of Teaching Training and
Education Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
vii
4.
All lectures of English Department Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta for
their patient in teaching the writer.
5.
Her beloved parents, (Alm) Bapak Harun Rasyid and Ibu Roni’in, thanks for
the love, prayer, support, sacrifices, and strength for her life. She always misses
her father so much and prays to Allah, He gives a best place for her father in His
side. And for her mother, she learns about the strength to experience her life
patiently.
6.
Her lovely twin, Meila Fitriani, thanks for being her amazing life partner; for
everything that they share together since they were children until now; for the
support, strength, tears, laugh, and also love.
7.
Her beloved brother Mas Ari and her beloved sister Mbak Ninuk, for the
support, advice, sacrifices, and prayer in her life.
8.
Her beloved grandmother, (Alm) Sutriyah, for the sweetest time that spent for
her. She really misses her grandmother, especially for their morning time to
walking together. She prays to Allah, He gives a best place for her grandmother
in His side.
9.
Her funniest nieces, Nia and Alya, and her nephew Naufal, for all cutes, smiles,
and disputes, they have been coloring her days become sweeter.
10. Her best friends in Senior High School, Wildan, Muti, Emyu, Izzi, Nurul,
Mbak Nda, Ardi, and many more, for all the craziness, laugh, tears, sharing,
support, and love. She hopes they are always be best friend forever.
viii
11. Her best friends in campus, Juli, Tata, Rina, Andika, Candra, Dephi and
Agung, for making her life become colorful. She thanks for the support, sharing,
spirit, story, craziness, laugh, jokes, and sweet moments during studying in
UMS. She hopes that they will always be best friends and remembering each
other.
12. Her dearest friends in campus that she cannot mention them one by one, for the
support, sharing, story, advice, spirit, laugh, craziness, and wonderful moments
during studying in UMS.
13. Her The Oxford Drama Group, for the best experiences that she never
experiences before. Thanks for making her to be ”Bella Swan” for a while.
14. Her dearest friends in Griya Navilia, Oneng, Mbak Tika, Mbak Eno, Mbak
Pita, Mbak Ayuk, Mbak Intan, Mbak Nita, Sari, Anggit, Mbak Tiwi, Mbak
Oni, Mbak Arum, Nyunyun, Dince, Rina, Memed, Kiki, Pipin, Wulan, Etyk,
Devi, Yunita, Shasa, Elida, Ajeng, Sari, and Zahra, who are her second family
in Solo, for all craziness, laugh, love, spirit, advice, sharing, support, and prayer.
15. Her dearest friends in PSM Voca Al Kindi, Fitri, Mbak Epi, Mas Juna, Zulia,
Anggit, Nisa, Ambar, Danar, Inem, Nia, Isna, Mbak Wati, Esti, Ilham, Ali,
Usi, Bagas, Zaena, Febi, Jojo, Kokoh, Mas Qod, Rama, Sigit, Ayu Fajar, and
the others, who are her the new family in Solo. She thanks for songs that always
sing together, laugh, craziness, support, spirit, advice, sharing, tears, struggle,
and wonderful experiences during join PSM VAK. She will not forget the best
moments with them.
ix
16. Her loyal and best boy friend, Muhammad Yulianto, for the faithfulness for
more than three years, for all the loves, sharing, jokes, spirit, support,
companions, laugh, surprise, and patience. She thanks to him because he has
been making her days become more beautiful.
17. Last but not least, those who cannot be mentioned one by one, who have
supported her to finish the research paper and also to start her future.
The writer realizes that there are many weaknesses in this research paper, caused
by the limitation of her capability and knowledge. Thus, the writer welcomes any
constructive criticism from readers for the perfection of this work. Finally, she
hopes this research paper would be useful for the readers.
Surakarta, 20 Januari 2012
Meila Fitriana
x
TABLE OF CONTENT
TITLE ............................................................................................................
i
APPROVAL ..................................................................................................
ii
ACCEPTANCE .............................................................................................
iii
TESTIMONY ................................................................................................
iv
MOTTO ..........................................................................................................
v
DEDICATION ................................................................................................
vi
ACKNOWLEDMENT ...................................................................................
vii
TABLE OF CONTENT .....................................................................................
xi
ABSTRACT ...................................................................................................
xv
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study.................................................
1
B. Literature Review ............................................................
8
C. Problem Statement ..........................................................
10
D. Object of the Study .........................................................
10
E. Limitation of the Study ...................................................
10
F. Benefit of the Study ........................................................
11
G. Research Method.............................................................
11
H. Research Paper Organization ..........................................
13
CHAPTER II: UNDERLYING THEORY
A. Sociology of Literature ..................................................
15
B. Major Principle of Sociology of Literature ....................
17
1. Sociology of the Writer .............................................
17
2. Sociology of the Society ..........................................
18
3. Sociology of the Reader ...........................................
19
C. Structural Element of the Novel
1. Characters and Characterization ...............................
20
2. Setting .......................................................................
21
3.
Plot ...............................................................................
23
4. Point of View ............................................................
25
xi
5. Style .........................................................................
25
6. Theme .......................................................................
27
D. Theoretical Application ..................................................
28
CHAPTER III: SOCIAL
HISTORICAL
BACKGROUND
OF
INDONESIAN SOCIETY IN THE TWENTIETH
CENTURY
A. Aspect of Social Background ........................................
29
1. Social Aspect .............................................................
30
2. Economic Aspect ......................................................
35
3. Political Aspect ........................................................
37
4. Science and Technology Aspect ..............................
40
5. Cultural Aspect .........................................................
42
6. Religious Aspect ......................................................
46
B. History of Indonesian Education ..................................
51
1. Education Problems ..................................................
53
2. Elementary Schools ..................................................
59
3. Elementary Schools in Belitong ...............................
63
C. The Life of Andrea Hirata .............................................
63
CHAPTER IV: STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
A. Structural Elements of the Novel ....................................
67
1. Character and Characterization .................................
67
a. Major Character....................................................
67
b. Minor Character ...................................................
82
2. Setting ......................................................................
87
a. Setting of Place ....................................................
87
b. Setting of Time ....................................................
89
c. Setting of Social ..................................................
90
3. Plot ...........................................................................
91
a. Exposition ............................................................
91
b. Complication .......................................................
92
c. Climax .................................................................
94
xii
d. Resolution ............................................................
95
4. Point of View ...........................................................
95
5. Style .........................................................................
96
a. Diction .................................................................
96
b. Grammatical Structure ........................................
96
c. Rhetoric ...............................................................
97
1) Figurative Language .......................................
98
2) Imagery ...........................................................
99
d. Symbol ................................................................
100
6. Theme .......................................................................
100
B. Discussion .......................................................................
101
CHAPTER V: SOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS
A. Sociological Analysis .....................................................
105
1.
Social Aspect ...........................................................
106
2.
Economic Aspect .....................................................
116
3.
Political Aspect ........................................................
120
4.
Science and Technology Aspect ...............................
122
5.
Cultural Aspect ........................................................
125
6.
Religious Aspect ......................................................
128
B. Discussion .......................................................................
131
CHAPTER VI: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
A. Conclusion ......................................................................
139
B. Suggestion .......................................................................
140
BIBLIOGRAPHY ............................................................................................... 141
APPENDIX ....................................................................................................
xiii
144
ABSTRACT
MEILA FITRIANA, A 320 080 180, THE INFLUENCE OF COMMUNITY
SPIRIT IN GAINING EDUCATION ON ANDREA HIRATA’S THE
RAINBOW TROOPS NOVEL: A SOCIOLOGICAL APPROACH.
RESEARCH
PAPER.
MUHAMMADIYAH
UNIVERSITY
OF
SURAKARTA. 2012.
The problem of this study is how community spirit influence in gaining
education is reflected in Andrea Hirata’s The Rainbow Troops novel. The
objective of this study is to analyze the novel based on the structural elements and
to analyze the novel based on the sociological approach.
This study belongs to qualitative method. In this method, there are two
types of data source, namely primary and secondary data source. The primary data
source is the novel itself, meanwhile the secondary data sources are other
materials related to the study. Both data are collected through library research and
analyzed by descriptive analysis.
Based on the analysis the researcher draws the following conclusions.
First, based on the structural analysis of each element, it shows that the character
and characterization, setting, plot, point of view, style, and theme are related to
each other and form the unity into good quality of novel. Second, based on the
sociological analysis, there is a close relationship between the novel story and the
reality of Indonesian life. Andrea Hirata describes the society life under the
poverty condition.
Keywords: Community spirit, The Rainbow Troops, Sociological Approach.
Consultant I
Consultant II
Dr.Phil.Dewi Candraningrum, M.Ed.
NIK.772
Titis Setyabudi,S.S, M.Hum.
NIK.948
Dean,
Drs. H.Sofyan Anif, M.Si.
NIK.547
xv