A STUDY ON CONGRATULATING UTTERANCES FOR THE ROYAL BABY OF PRINCE WILLIAM AND CHATERINE A Study On Congratulating Utterances For The Royal Baby Of Prince William And Chaterine Middleton.
A STUDY ON CONGRATULATING UTTERANCES FOR THE
ROYAL BABY OF PRINCE WILLIAM AND CHATERINE
MIDDLETON
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for Getting Bachelor Degree of Education
in English Department
by:
AJENG WULANDARI
A 320100255
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
DEPARTMENT
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2014
i
APPROVAL
A STUDY ON CONGRATULATING UTTERANCES FOR THE
ROYAL BABY OF PRINCE WILLIAM AND CHATERINE
MIDDLETON
by:
AJENG WULANDARI
A 320100255
Approved to be examined by Consultant
First Consultant
(Agus Wijayanto, Ph. D.)
NIK. 978
Second Consultant
(Dra. Siti Zuhriyah Ariatmi, M. Hum.)
NIK. 225
ii
ACCEPTANCE
A STUDY ON CONGRATULATNG UTTERANCES FOR THE ROYAL
BABY OF PRINCE WILLIAM AND CHATERINE MIDDLETON
by
AJENG WULANDARI
A 320100255
Accepted the Board Examiner School of Teacher Training and Education
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
on May... 2014
Team of Examiner:
1. Agus Wijayanto, Ph.D.
(
)
(Chair Person)
2. Dra. Siti Zuhriyah Ariatmi, M. Hum. (
)
(Secretary)
3. Dra. Malikatul Laila, M. Hum
(
(Member)
Surakarta, April 2014
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
School of Teacher Training and Education
Dean,
Prof. Dr. Harun Joko Prayitno, M.Hum
NIP. 19650428 199303100
iii
)
TESTIMONY
I state that in this research there is no plagiarism of the previous literary
studies which have been made to obtain bachelor degree of a university. There is
no ideas or opinions that have been published by others except referred in
underlying theory and bibliography. Hence, if it is proven that there is a mistake
statement in this testimony, I will fully responsible.
Surakarta, April 2014
The Writer,
AJENG WULANDARI
A 320100255
iv
MOTTO
(6) Verily, with the hardship, there is relief (i.e. there is one hardship with two
reliefs, so one hardship cannot overcome two reliefs). (7) So when you have
finished (from your occupation), then stand up for Allah worship (i.e. stand up for
prayer). (8) And to your Lord (Alone) turn (all your intentions and hopes and)
your invocation.
(QS. Al-Insyirãh, 6-8)
To reach the top of the mountain is always started with little step by step.
-the writer-
v
DEDICATION
This research paper is fully dedicated to:
ALLAH SWT
Her Identity, DEE
Her Lectures
Her beloved Father and Mother
Her sister and brother
Her grandmother and
grandfather
Her family
All of her friends
The writer, herself
vi
ACKNOWLEDGE
Assalamualaikum Wr. Wb
Alhamdulillahi Robbil’alamin, praise and gratitude only to Allah SWT, the
Lord of the world, and the creator of this wonderful world has given the mercy
and blessing for me to finish the research paper entitled “A Study on
Congratulating Utterances for The Royal Baby of Prince William and Chaterine
Middleton” completely. Praise also is given to the prophet Muhammad S.A.W
who has brought us from the darkness to the lightness.
This research deals with strategy of congratulating utterances, type of
address form and its social function found in congratulating utterances for the
Royal Baby Prince William and Chaterine Middleton.
There many contributions in writing this research paper. The writer wants
to express her deepest gratitude for their suggestions, supports, advices, criticisms,
even some jokes.
1.
Prof. Dr. Harun Joko Prayitno, M. Hum., as the dean of School
Teacher Training and Education Muhammadiyah University of
Surakarta.
2. Mauly Halwat Hikmat, Ph. D., as the head of English Education
Department.
3. Agus Wijayanto, Ph. D., as the writer‟s first consultant and first
examiner who always gave motivations and suggestions during
conducting this research.
vii
4. Dra. Siti Zuhriah Ariyatmi, M. Hum., as the second consultant and
second examiner who has given her valuable corrections and advises.
5. Dra. Malikatul Laila, M. Hum., as the third examiner, for the
correction of this research paper so that is result is better.
6. All lecturers in English Education Department who cannot be
mentioned one by one who always share their knowledge to the writer.
7. Her super parents, Tukiman and Siti Murtinah who always give
unlimited love, support, motivation, lesson, pray, and help for her. Her
huge thanks and loves for them.
8. Her elder sister Uji Kawuryan, S. Kep. Ners., who always motivate
and give support all of the writer‟s dreams. And her younger brother
Yoga Andoyo Aji. Heartfelt thanks for them.
9. Her brother in law, Eko Novianto S. Pd and his son, Muhammad
Asfa Rafisky. Thanks for their indirect support and motivation.
10. Her beloved family, mbah somo, mbah di, bude ti, om yo, bulek mi
and others who cannot be mentioned one by one. Thanks for a lot of
loves during her lecture in solo.
11. Her rock friends, ami, nonga, and ita who always bring the writer in
happiness and also members of colay, gunga, dody, danang and rizal
who give happiness and motivation to the writer.
12. Her dearest uyung fika and endut anjar who always remind the
writer to be focus and give unlimited loves to her.
viii
13. Her elder brothers and sisters in Solo, Mas Kautsar, Mas Amir, Mas
Novel, Mas Athur, Mas Aidy, Mbak Widya, Mbak Umu, and
Mbak Datik who teach her how to be great women and motivate her.
14. Her younger brother and sister in solo, edek ruli and edek firda who
place her like in home and motivate her.
15. MUEC and its members; suci bawel, chandra, ardita, arifah, azmi,
mas nur, dewi, dian ningrum, vita, linda, mas han, wury, iqbal
junior, dieta, wulan, silvi and others who cannot be mentioned one by
one. Thanks for their support for her.
16. All of friends in English dept „10, nunung, nurul, aya, fitri, iin, vera
acep, heri and others who cannot be mentioned one by one toward
their support to the writer.
17. Her beloved friends in Wisma Matoa mbak ulfa, mbak meta, mbak
shanti, rafa, niken, dian, ririn, ana, ari, hani, putri, aisyah, ina, lilis
and dek ane who always give her supports, jokes and advices.
Finally, the writer realizes this research is far away from perfect; there
must be weakness, she opens her minds and will accept any kind of suggestions
and criticism. She also hopes this research will give beneficial to everyone
especially those who wants to conduct a literary research.
Wassalamu’alaikum, Wr. Wb.
Surakarta, April 2014
Ajeng Wulandari
ix
TABLE OF CONTENT
TITLE ...................................................................................................
i
APPROVAL .........................................................................................
ii
ACCEPTANCE ....................................................................................
iii
TESTMONY .........................................................................................
iv
MOTTO ................................................................................................
v
DEDICATION ......................................................................................
vi
ACKNOLEDGMENT .........................................................................
vii
TABLE OF CONTENT .......................................................................
x
TABLE OF FIGURES .........................................................................
xiv
TABLE OF CHART ............................................................................
xv
TABLE OF TABLES ...........................................................................
xvi
ABSTRACT ..........................................................................................
xviii
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION .......................................................
1
A. Background of the Study ........................................
1
B. Limitation of the Study ...........................................
6
C. Problem Statement ..................................................
6
D. Objective of the Study .............................................
6
E. Benefit of the Study .................................................
7
F. Research Paper Organization .................................
8
CHAPTER II: UNDERLYING THEORY ........................................
9
A. Previous Study .........................................................
9
B. Underlying Theory ..................................................
14
x
1. Pragmatic .............................................................
14
a. Sociopragmatics ..............................................
15
b. Pragmalinguistics ............................................
16
2. Pragmatic Principles ...........................................
16
a. Dixies ................................................................
17
b. Presuption ........................................................
17
c. Speech Act ........................................................
17
1) Locution .......................................................
18
2) Illocution .....................................................
18
3) Perlocution ..................................................
19
d. Implicature ......................................................
19
3. Classification of Speech Act ................................
19
a. Representative Utterances ..............................
19
b. Directive Utterances ........................................
20
c. Commisives Utterances ...................................
21
d. Expressive Utterances .....................................
21
e. Declarative Utterances ....................................
21
1) Expressive Utterances ................................
22
2) Congratulating Utterances ........................
24
4. Definition of Strategy ..........................................
25
5. Sociolinguistics .....................................................
25
a. Address Form ..................................................
26
b. Types of Address Form ..................................
27
xi
c. Purposing of Addressing .................................
29
d. Social Factors and dimension ........................
31
e. Formal Address of British Royalty and
Aristocracy ............................................................
33
6. The Royal Baby Profile .......................................
34
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHOD ...........................................
37
A. Research Method ................................................
37
B. Type of Research .................................................
37
C. Object of Research ..............................................
37
D. Data and Data Source .........................................
37
E. Technique of Data Collection .............................
38
F. Technique of Data Analysis ................................
38
CHAPTER IV: DATA ANALYSIS, RESEARCH FINDINGS, AND
DISCUSSION ............................................................
39
A. Data Analysis ........................................................
39
B. Research Findings ................................................
80
C. Discussion ..............................................................
81
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
A. Conclusion ...........................................................
96
B. Suggestion ............................................................
97
BIBLIOGRAPHY ................................................................................
99
VIRTUAL REFERENCES .................................................................
101
APPENDIX ...........................................................................................
xii
Appendix 1: Data ...........................................................
Appendix 2: Identification Paper ..................................
xiii
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1: The Social Distance Scale ....................................................
33
Figure 2: The Social Scale ...................................................................
33
Figure 3: The Formality Scale ............................................................
33
Figure 4: The Referential and Affective Function Scale ..................
34
xiv
LIST OF TABLES
Table 4.1: General Patterns of Congratulating Strategies for The Royal Baby
Prince William and Chaterine Middleton ........................
82
Table 4.2: Idiosyncratic Patterns of Congratulating Strategies for The Royal
Baby Prince William and Chaterine Middleton ..............
84
Table 4.3: Types of Address Form Used in Congratulating Utterances for
The Royal Baby Prince William and Chaterine Middleton
...............................................................................................
88
Table 4.4: Social Function of Address Form Used in Congratulating
Utterances for The Royal Baby Prince William and Chaterine
Middleton ............................................................................
xv
91
LIST OF CHART
Chart 4.1: Comparison between General Patterns and Idiosyncratic Patterns
...............................................................................................
xvi
87
LIST OF APPENDIX
Appendix 1: Data
Appendix 2: Identification Paper
xvii
Ajeng Wulandari. A 320100255. A STUDY ON CONGRATULATING
UTTERANCES FOR THE ROYAL BABY OF PRINCE WILLIAM AND
CHATERINE MIDDLETON. Research Paper. Muhammadiyah University
of Surakarta. 2014.
Abstract
This research aims at describing the strategy congratulating utterances, the
type of address form and its social function found in congratulating utterances for
the Royal Baby of Prince William and Chaterine Middleton. The type of this
research is descriptive qualitative research which the writer uses documentation
method as the method of collecting data. The data of this research are
congratulating utterances. The data sources are social media in internet such as
twitter, facebook and online newspaper. In analyzing data, the writer describes of
type of address form by referring to the theory of Chaka (1982) and the social
function of address from by referring to the theory of Holmes (1992).
The result of the research shows that firstly, strategies of congratulating
utterance are divided into two categories. They are general pattern (83 data/100,
83%) and idiosyncratic pattern (17 data/100, 17%). Secondly, types of address
form are Aristocratic title (24 data/100, 24%), occupational title + Aristocratic
title (1 data/100, 1%), title alone (3 data/100, 3%), Aristocratic title + title (3
data/100, 3%), first name (4 data/100, 4%), title + first name (1 data/100, 1%),
title first name (3 data/100, 3%), Aristocratic title + title first name (1 data/100,
1%), nickname (4 data/100, 4%), first name + nickname (8 data/100, 8%), title
nickname (2 data/100, 2%), title first name + title nickname (1 data/100, 1%),
pronoun (5 data/100, 5%), pronoun + Aristocratic (1 data/100, 1%) pronoun +
first name (2 data/100, 2%) and does not use address form (37 data/100, 37%).
Thirdly, the social functions of address form are to show formality (15 data/100,
15%), to show respect (9 data/100, 9%), to show solidarity (4 data/100, 4%), to
show intimacy (9 data/100, 9%), to show formality and respect (3 data/100, 3%),
to show respect and solidarity (2 data/100, 2%), to show solidarity and intimacy
(10 data/100, 10%) and does not have social function (37 data/100, 37%).
Key words: congratulating utterances, strategy of congratulating, address forms,
types, social functions
xviii
ROYAL BABY OF PRINCE WILLIAM AND CHATERINE
MIDDLETON
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for Getting Bachelor Degree of Education
in English Department
by:
AJENG WULANDARI
A 320100255
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
DEPARTMENT
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2014
i
APPROVAL
A STUDY ON CONGRATULATING UTTERANCES FOR THE
ROYAL BABY OF PRINCE WILLIAM AND CHATERINE
MIDDLETON
by:
AJENG WULANDARI
A 320100255
Approved to be examined by Consultant
First Consultant
(Agus Wijayanto, Ph. D.)
NIK. 978
Second Consultant
(Dra. Siti Zuhriyah Ariatmi, M. Hum.)
NIK. 225
ii
ACCEPTANCE
A STUDY ON CONGRATULATNG UTTERANCES FOR THE ROYAL
BABY OF PRINCE WILLIAM AND CHATERINE MIDDLETON
by
AJENG WULANDARI
A 320100255
Accepted the Board Examiner School of Teacher Training and Education
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
on May... 2014
Team of Examiner:
1. Agus Wijayanto, Ph.D.
(
)
(Chair Person)
2. Dra. Siti Zuhriyah Ariatmi, M. Hum. (
)
(Secretary)
3. Dra. Malikatul Laila, M. Hum
(
(Member)
Surakarta, April 2014
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
School of Teacher Training and Education
Dean,
Prof. Dr. Harun Joko Prayitno, M.Hum
NIP. 19650428 199303100
iii
)
TESTIMONY
I state that in this research there is no plagiarism of the previous literary
studies which have been made to obtain bachelor degree of a university. There is
no ideas or opinions that have been published by others except referred in
underlying theory and bibliography. Hence, if it is proven that there is a mistake
statement in this testimony, I will fully responsible.
Surakarta, April 2014
The Writer,
AJENG WULANDARI
A 320100255
iv
MOTTO
(6) Verily, with the hardship, there is relief (i.e. there is one hardship with two
reliefs, so one hardship cannot overcome two reliefs). (7) So when you have
finished (from your occupation), then stand up for Allah worship (i.e. stand up for
prayer). (8) And to your Lord (Alone) turn (all your intentions and hopes and)
your invocation.
(QS. Al-Insyirãh, 6-8)
To reach the top of the mountain is always started with little step by step.
-the writer-
v
DEDICATION
This research paper is fully dedicated to:
ALLAH SWT
Her Identity, DEE
Her Lectures
Her beloved Father and Mother
Her sister and brother
Her grandmother and
grandfather
Her family
All of her friends
The writer, herself
vi
ACKNOWLEDGE
Assalamualaikum Wr. Wb
Alhamdulillahi Robbil’alamin, praise and gratitude only to Allah SWT, the
Lord of the world, and the creator of this wonderful world has given the mercy
and blessing for me to finish the research paper entitled “A Study on
Congratulating Utterances for The Royal Baby of Prince William and Chaterine
Middleton” completely. Praise also is given to the prophet Muhammad S.A.W
who has brought us from the darkness to the lightness.
This research deals with strategy of congratulating utterances, type of
address form and its social function found in congratulating utterances for the
Royal Baby Prince William and Chaterine Middleton.
There many contributions in writing this research paper. The writer wants
to express her deepest gratitude for their suggestions, supports, advices, criticisms,
even some jokes.
1.
Prof. Dr. Harun Joko Prayitno, M. Hum., as the dean of School
Teacher Training and Education Muhammadiyah University of
Surakarta.
2. Mauly Halwat Hikmat, Ph. D., as the head of English Education
Department.
3. Agus Wijayanto, Ph. D., as the writer‟s first consultant and first
examiner who always gave motivations and suggestions during
conducting this research.
vii
4. Dra. Siti Zuhriah Ariyatmi, M. Hum., as the second consultant and
second examiner who has given her valuable corrections and advises.
5. Dra. Malikatul Laila, M. Hum., as the third examiner, for the
correction of this research paper so that is result is better.
6. All lecturers in English Education Department who cannot be
mentioned one by one who always share their knowledge to the writer.
7. Her super parents, Tukiman and Siti Murtinah who always give
unlimited love, support, motivation, lesson, pray, and help for her. Her
huge thanks and loves for them.
8. Her elder sister Uji Kawuryan, S. Kep. Ners., who always motivate
and give support all of the writer‟s dreams. And her younger brother
Yoga Andoyo Aji. Heartfelt thanks for them.
9. Her brother in law, Eko Novianto S. Pd and his son, Muhammad
Asfa Rafisky. Thanks for their indirect support and motivation.
10. Her beloved family, mbah somo, mbah di, bude ti, om yo, bulek mi
and others who cannot be mentioned one by one. Thanks for a lot of
loves during her lecture in solo.
11. Her rock friends, ami, nonga, and ita who always bring the writer in
happiness and also members of colay, gunga, dody, danang and rizal
who give happiness and motivation to the writer.
12. Her dearest uyung fika and endut anjar who always remind the
writer to be focus and give unlimited loves to her.
viii
13. Her elder brothers and sisters in Solo, Mas Kautsar, Mas Amir, Mas
Novel, Mas Athur, Mas Aidy, Mbak Widya, Mbak Umu, and
Mbak Datik who teach her how to be great women and motivate her.
14. Her younger brother and sister in solo, edek ruli and edek firda who
place her like in home and motivate her.
15. MUEC and its members; suci bawel, chandra, ardita, arifah, azmi,
mas nur, dewi, dian ningrum, vita, linda, mas han, wury, iqbal
junior, dieta, wulan, silvi and others who cannot be mentioned one by
one. Thanks for their support for her.
16. All of friends in English dept „10, nunung, nurul, aya, fitri, iin, vera
acep, heri and others who cannot be mentioned one by one toward
their support to the writer.
17. Her beloved friends in Wisma Matoa mbak ulfa, mbak meta, mbak
shanti, rafa, niken, dian, ririn, ana, ari, hani, putri, aisyah, ina, lilis
and dek ane who always give her supports, jokes and advices.
Finally, the writer realizes this research is far away from perfect; there
must be weakness, she opens her minds and will accept any kind of suggestions
and criticism. She also hopes this research will give beneficial to everyone
especially those who wants to conduct a literary research.
Wassalamu’alaikum, Wr. Wb.
Surakarta, April 2014
Ajeng Wulandari
ix
TABLE OF CONTENT
TITLE ...................................................................................................
i
APPROVAL .........................................................................................
ii
ACCEPTANCE ....................................................................................
iii
TESTMONY .........................................................................................
iv
MOTTO ................................................................................................
v
DEDICATION ......................................................................................
vi
ACKNOLEDGMENT .........................................................................
vii
TABLE OF CONTENT .......................................................................
x
TABLE OF FIGURES .........................................................................
xiv
TABLE OF CHART ............................................................................
xv
TABLE OF TABLES ...........................................................................
xvi
ABSTRACT ..........................................................................................
xviii
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION .......................................................
1
A. Background of the Study ........................................
1
B. Limitation of the Study ...........................................
6
C. Problem Statement ..................................................
6
D. Objective of the Study .............................................
6
E. Benefit of the Study .................................................
7
F. Research Paper Organization .................................
8
CHAPTER II: UNDERLYING THEORY ........................................
9
A. Previous Study .........................................................
9
B. Underlying Theory ..................................................
14
x
1. Pragmatic .............................................................
14
a. Sociopragmatics ..............................................
15
b. Pragmalinguistics ............................................
16
2. Pragmatic Principles ...........................................
16
a. Dixies ................................................................
17
b. Presuption ........................................................
17
c. Speech Act ........................................................
17
1) Locution .......................................................
18
2) Illocution .....................................................
18
3) Perlocution ..................................................
19
d. Implicature ......................................................
19
3. Classification of Speech Act ................................
19
a. Representative Utterances ..............................
19
b. Directive Utterances ........................................
20
c. Commisives Utterances ...................................
21
d. Expressive Utterances .....................................
21
e. Declarative Utterances ....................................
21
1) Expressive Utterances ................................
22
2) Congratulating Utterances ........................
24
4. Definition of Strategy ..........................................
25
5. Sociolinguistics .....................................................
25
a. Address Form ..................................................
26
b. Types of Address Form ..................................
27
xi
c. Purposing of Addressing .................................
29
d. Social Factors and dimension ........................
31
e. Formal Address of British Royalty and
Aristocracy ............................................................
33
6. The Royal Baby Profile .......................................
34
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHOD ...........................................
37
A. Research Method ................................................
37
B. Type of Research .................................................
37
C. Object of Research ..............................................
37
D. Data and Data Source .........................................
37
E. Technique of Data Collection .............................
38
F. Technique of Data Analysis ................................
38
CHAPTER IV: DATA ANALYSIS, RESEARCH FINDINGS, AND
DISCUSSION ............................................................
39
A. Data Analysis ........................................................
39
B. Research Findings ................................................
80
C. Discussion ..............................................................
81
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
A. Conclusion ...........................................................
96
B. Suggestion ............................................................
97
BIBLIOGRAPHY ................................................................................
99
VIRTUAL REFERENCES .................................................................
101
APPENDIX ...........................................................................................
xii
Appendix 1: Data ...........................................................
Appendix 2: Identification Paper ..................................
xiii
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1: The Social Distance Scale ....................................................
33
Figure 2: The Social Scale ...................................................................
33
Figure 3: The Formality Scale ............................................................
33
Figure 4: The Referential and Affective Function Scale ..................
34
xiv
LIST OF TABLES
Table 4.1: General Patterns of Congratulating Strategies for The Royal Baby
Prince William and Chaterine Middleton ........................
82
Table 4.2: Idiosyncratic Patterns of Congratulating Strategies for The Royal
Baby Prince William and Chaterine Middleton ..............
84
Table 4.3: Types of Address Form Used in Congratulating Utterances for
The Royal Baby Prince William and Chaterine Middleton
...............................................................................................
88
Table 4.4: Social Function of Address Form Used in Congratulating
Utterances for The Royal Baby Prince William and Chaterine
Middleton ............................................................................
xv
91
LIST OF CHART
Chart 4.1: Comparison between General Patterns and Idiosyncratic Patterns
...............................................................................................
xvi
87
LIST OF APPENDIX
Appendix 1: Data
Appendix 2: Identification Paper
xvii
Ajeng Wulandari. A 320100255. A STUDY ON CONGRATULATING
UTTERANCES FOR THE ROYAL BABY OF PRINCE WILLIAM AND
CHATERINE MIDDLETON. Research Paper. Muhammadiyah University
of Surakarta. 2014.
Abstract
This research aims at describing the strategy congratulating utterances, the
type of address form and its social function found in congratulating utterances for
the Royal Baby of Prince William and Chaterine Middleton. The type of this
research is descriptive qualitative research which the writer uses documentation
method as the method of collecting data. The data of this research are
congratulating utterances. The data sources are social media in internet such as
twitter, facebook and online newspaper. In analyzing data, the writer describes of
type of address form by referring to the theory of Chaka (1982) and the social
function of address from by referring to the theory of Holmes (1992).
The result of the research shows that firstly, strategies of congratulating
utterance are divided into two categories. They are general pattern (83 data/100,
83%) and idiosyncratic pattern (17 data/100, 17%). Secondly, types of address
form are Aristocratic title (24 data/100, 24%), occupational title + Aristocratic
title (1 data/100, 1%), title alone (3 data/100, 3%), Aristocratic title + title (3
data/100, 3%), first name (4 data/100, 4%), title + first name (1 data/100, 1%),
title first name (3 data/100, 3%), Aristocratic title + title first name (1 data/100,
1%), nickname (4 data/100, 4%), first name + nickname (8 data/100, 8%), title
nickname (2 data/100, 2%), title first name + title nickname (1 data/100, 1%),
pronoun (5 data/100, 5%), pronoun + Aristocratic (1 data/100, 1%) pronoun +
first name (2 data/100, 2%) and does not use address form (37 data/100, 37%).
Thirdly, the social functions of address form are to show formality (15 data/100,
15%), to show respect (9 data/100, 9%), to show solidarity (4 data/100, 4%), to
show intimacy (9 data/100, 9%), to show formality and respect (3 data/100, 3%),
to show respect and solidarity (2 data/100, 2%), to show solidarity and intimacy
(10 data/100, 10%) and does not have social function (37 data/100, 37%).
Key words: congratulating utterances, strategy of congratulating, address forms,
types, social functions
xviii