A STYLISTIC ANALYSIS OF LEXICAL COHESION AS FOUND IN WILLIAM FAULKNER'S SHORT STORY "BARN BURNING".
A STYLISIIC ANALYSTS OF LEXICAj- COSESION
AS
FOI'ND IN WILLIAM FATJLKNER'S SIIORT STORY 'BARN BVRNING'
A TIIESIS
Subniled i" Ptf,idl Futli n l to the Requlftm
fot Soiato Sdtu De{ee
FITRA ADELIZA
ENCLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF LDTTERS
ANDAIAS UNIVERSITI
ABSTRAK
Dalan sk.ipsi ini dibahd renrMs kemuncul.n k.hcsi l€ksikaL yan! t rdapat
ddm cerita pendek karya Willianr Faullner. NilLianr Frulkiq 3d3l3h sallh *ru
De.ulis,Amerika yang tulisanny! menginspirli krqr Lrrlr tulnrn modern sekdrn!
ini. Tuju phulhd skipsi ini adalah umul nen8eranui lipe kohesi leksikJ yanB
muncul, apa clekny! yang dirdskap oleh pembaca dsi kenunculan kohesi lekikal
ien apa makna sdra yda bk! dibngkap oleb pemblca dllcm cerirateDebut.
D3r. salisis diambilddi @dta pendek william Faulknerdcnsanjudul lram
Buningdan dibabsi hdya sbanyak 20 pragEt Kemudim anrliris Jlta dilakuku
dengM ncnggunakan merode padan distribusional. Dara tcrsebut dianalhis densd
heng8unakm teori lohesi yonA dikemukaku olch Halliday d Hrkn (l97rj) dan
tcoristilisrika oleh Peter Verdonk (2002) sena didtrkuis dcngin rcori pcrg.Plikosi0n
stilislika analisis oleh plul Sinpson (2004). Daa analisk disajiko seara dcsknptif
J didukun! dengrn t bel y g digundkrn unluk menggrnrMrkan koh.si leksikal
t$e nunctrl dalam cerira Gscbur.
ii$il anrlisis dcnunjukkan bahR. kohc5i Leksikal )rng puling bmy k
munrrl ,d.l.h penlu angdn G.pelnlon) yaf8 mefekank.n pada scvr0lu hal ylng
rcrjadi ds kolokdi (collocation) yang melekat pda tal! boda dtn klrx sirlds
metrgganbdkb subyck dlu oblek ddm cerih. Dri kenu.culm kohesi leksikal
dih&apkd memudahk pemb.cadalam m.mahanri n.kn. d.ri .erit, i.6eb!i. D'ri
pcneeu.sn kohesi leksikal dallm karyany, penb!$ dsl)rr meras rn Jm
menbu.ngkar tarahelndusia yan8 kcms, pcnuh dcncM enosi, bcbas da. li
sepenise.grlr yME disimboLksn oleh Ftulk.erddh karFnyr,
I
CEAPTER
INTRODUCTION
1.1
D.ckFutd
The@
Dgry, happy.
of rh. SrudY
de sone Pavs
sad,
jo'
10
or *h.re!er ve
fom or painrins, drawins' !.€nsi
exprcss
as
hd@ lt cd
Bt
se dpEss it
expE$ our feeling
fe'l
The
sho!1 $ones,
noveh
b€ feelings
c
er' Painrs
be
ol
in the
or dBwe6
{En leelinss via pictues or painls pod or novclisl e4iess dleir feelings
rhoudl'
By usina le8ugc, dvone cm comhunicare his or her feelinS'
md wiat he or sh. wor lo shm
sir! orhes
loms, spoken md Mitten. The winen
Pcople
cd
rfer mv
lened!thaldoesformauific.lwhole
shon $ory
Nhich
t
defincd
fiat happe.
scnses
dd
10
s
s
'orn
messages
ir
Lwo
lbft ol
Has
(19?6:t): fhe *ord
pdqsases spokcn or
wilren' of vhatcvcr
-
the olhe. kinds ol trinen Gxr is 3 kind ol
repEsenlation of hnmm
hmo
ltuiguag'
be Eprq'nted in the
reyr such as snon slotv. Aeordins lo H3llidav aod
t€xr is used in lincuislics to
cd Ee
life lt pEser*
lilc6'v worls
ihe social condilion
being Shon slo.v is one of lnetuv wo*s tha! explain aborl
&od
rhe aurhox 10 express rhcir feelinSs or thousnb
$onl
liletuv workl use a
emerhins lhlt comecled to socill life shon $ory like olher
combinarion of votds or sentences rhaL hos
'live
md h.s ns oM ch.raclri$ics
ill oM
stvle ro na]re the story more
To
6dc^rrnd
of laglage,
a story. the
b€cause one
of the
rcad.a
m
bopefirlly pay denrions to
inporL thi4
in a srory is
{€
dy se
ldBU.Se dEi
sed by tbe author. As stlt€d hy Paul Sinpson in his book.Sr/ltrti.]: '1telonce
hook
lot staleds (2@4:2): slylislics n
h 6sisled
which primary of lace
a nelhod ol texrual i.l..P€lation in
to /d,8,zg? Thc reson why
inpolt@r ro styListicids is beause the vdjous loms. pallems,
co.sti$e linguistis
shctr m o
l
suse is ro
dd lweh rhal
inponMl i.dex ofllc fddion ollhe lext '
H@cq stylisrics. which is concem wilh the sludy oasLtle id le8uase, will
be appropliat€ to
rn lyze
by Pcter Verdonk in his
ce
rhe l&guagc slyle
book.tllti.r
be defined as rhe malysis
desoipuon of i1l purpose
shicl
is used by
llle anhor. As saled
(2002:4): "So slylisrics, Ute sludy ol slyle,
disnncive exprBsior in laDsase rnd lh.
ol
dd €fet."
so. stylislics is th. sludy of explorins the ld8rrage ol the authoB
s*
the orealivity of the
story tluoush
11€
l
usins |ne la.slase lo creale a eood
snage ln otncr wdds, slylislics
ol
cldsiay 1le elemen&
which is used by
altloi ir
$e
l
h
used
psem
ud tr
in the
io idenrill md
guge &al being 6€d. Tne ebnents ol langDge
aurhor cm be claled to lhe study of texl, bequse rhe
lmsuas€ thlt uscd by de allhor in
witte. lext, in lhis cde j6 a shorl
Cohcsion is one olthc elenents thal buijt a textwe
ol!
Gxr.
siory. is
s shted by
(19?6:8): Cohesion is a scmmtic Elalion benven
&
el€nent in lhe lext md sond olner €lenenl thal h crucial to lbe inlerpiehlion
ol
Halliday
ud H6d
il, ' Cohesion is
a
impond ddice
in lhe lingristics de$riplion of lilerdy lexts
CHAPTER 4
Cohesion devices
dc
the inporrant element in a lext lhat buill lhe texl
lexrurc. wirhorr cohesion there is no relaled neanins mons rhe scdenes, Thec
r€
sone coiesive devices *hich
cohesile dcvices
re
used by the
m
doninmlly occm in litcBry worLs Thc5s
du6or ro nate the conlenr oaihe work mor
bcaulitul md inleEsted lo rcad, Throush the deyices, the aulhor tries lo delivc!
rhe meani.g
lia
lmEuaae md the delic€s,
i.
this cse lhe devices is lexical
cohesion.Ir is hopelullt the @ders could convey the nemins md givc theelect
ro the
eadcr which is comnonly c5l1cd by forcsroundine or psychological efect,
Faulkn$ uses loi€ties ol *ords io deliv*ing hn id€d in the sbon story
Faulk.ff rcnds ro Mire
*ods lhlt hd bem
mo)
choscn
long enlmc.s to descnbe his idea\ Tne choice
pc
ops lends 10 m0ke thc Eadcr
.l
involvc in thc story
whcrc rhcy could fe€l @d inagine the smc siiMtion shich is descnb.d by rhc
rulnor in dE story. Alier
utyzing ilc lcxical coheio; &on l,!c dahh, n h
lound rhlt lerical concsior ielps lhe reldem
b
convey lhe literary
neuir8
in the
shon sory. aaulkner dominatly uscs rcpctilioned collo.arion in expEssing
slJessing thc ideas. Tbrough Lhe
sd
nalysis. repetition is the donin t tlpes ol
lcxical lhat occur wirh 57.6% followed by collocarion (17.92%), nemnyn
(12 ?8%1, synonyh (7.68%). hyponrnr (0.00%).lDd
mlonln(3.84%).
BTBLTOCRAPIIY
Ruilkiene. Janina. (2001). variou oI Cohesfie Deticet in
20.
a!.lrry.zoo{Ie.to.i u
lrillqdt
ttesiters.
2009
t.kh*t'l-t.\rt l
Chapnm, Raynold. (1913) LinEu;lic: and Lit*atue: An lturoductid to
ttel,{r,St/tsticr. Illinoisr whi|ehall Conpmy, wheelins.
Frcnrrin.
d Rob€n Rada6 (1993). A lntadtctian 10 Lanstase.
Fihn Lidition. Harcoul Brlce Jovaovich Coll*e Publisbe6.
vicbna
H.llid.y, M.A.K hd Ruqaiya H6 . (1976). Coheljon atul English. ]..ntJon:
Lonsne croDp Ltd.
----------'.
. (r93s). tu,8aate, coht.r1, .na ki: .4:pe.t ollunsuaqe in u
soc ial-se nir, i. pers pect ivc. D.akia U niresit! .
Hrllida', M.A.K. (1985).,,1 /,//o.tuction la I'unttioml AtMnu.
I.nd.n: EdBrrd Amold Ltd
Hatch. E. 1t992). Discowse anti Lansuaae tulucation
Udivenity Press
Second Edilion.
N.w York Canbrids.
lloey.U.(1991) Pultet8 ofLd,r D lelr. Oxford: OUP
Link,Alcr.(2004)',t/,&nsEverythksDnit:AStylhticsAnatsisofLi"s,istics
Pattems ih Hilh likc White Etephdnts (CtitiLal Esat . F.en]evel
on
A!.il
ll,
h otttulaticle! ennp/ttittelni
..,1|,1..11
20C9
li.n
67it/is 2 23/ai n28l9J2/-i/?tap
Renkena Jan (l 993). Di!,,^! 91r/t: ,'1n tnttu.tucbry Tert Baak Philadelphi :
Jobn Benimrin !ublisninA comFsy
Serden,
Rmd md
Peter Wi{ldowson. l.1tt3). A ReaAet\ G"ide
Conlenp.tury Lnerurt: meot!. I hnd Edilion. Ihe Mivereity Press
s\cms. i\.er- (lodr'
,
.t'rof
and
SDliiL
,
'.
'
r' r..?
SrLd\
,-at.a.\.ncLla PA t.,, t.o..ptlt.te-",1 1r'.tll
AS
FOI'ND IN WILLIAM FATJLKNER'S SIIORT STORY 'BARN BVRNING'
A TIIESIS
Subniled i" Ptf,idl Futli n l to the Requlftm
fot Soiato Sdtu De{ee
FITRA ADELIZA
ENCLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF LDTTERS
ANDAIAS UNIVERSITI
ABSTRAK
Dalan sk.ipsi ini dibahd renrMs kemuncul.n k.hcsi l€ksikaL yan! t rdapat
ddm cerita pendek karya Willianr Faullner. NilLianr Frulkiq 3d3l3h sallh *ru
De.ulis,Amerika yang tulisanny! menginspirli krqr Lrrlr tulnrn modern sekdrn!
ini. Tuju phulhd skipsi ini adalah umul nen8eranui lipe kohesi leksikJ yanB
muncul, apa clekny! yang dirdskap oleh pembaca dsi kenunculan kohesi lekikal
ien apa makna sdra yda bk! dibngkap oleb pemblca dllcm cerirateDebut.
D3r. salisis diambilddi @dta pendek william Faulknerdcnsanjudul lram
Buningdan dibabsi hdya sbanyak 20 pragEt Kemudim anrliris Jlta dilakuku
dengM ncnggunakan merode padan distribusional. Dara tcrsebut dianalhis densd
heng8unakm teori lohesi yonA dikemukaku olch Halliday d Hrkn (l97rj) dan
tcoristilisrika oleh Peter Verdonk (2002) sena didtrkuis dcngin rcori pcrg.Plikosi0n
stilislika analisis oleh plul Sinpson (2004). Daa analisk disajiko seara dcsknptif
J didukun! dengrn t bel y g digundkrn unluk menggrnrMrkan koh.si leksikal
t$e nunctrl dalam cerira Gscbur.
ii$il anrlisis dcnunjukkan bahR. kohc5i Leksikal )rng puling bmy k
munrrl ,d.l.h penlu angdn G.pelnlon) yaf8 mefekank.n pada scvr0lu hal ylng
rcrjadi ds kolokdi (collocation) yang melekat pda tal! boda dtn klrx sirlds
metrgganbdkb subyck dlu oblek ddm cerih. Dri kenu.culm kohesi leksikal
dih&apkd memudahk pemb.cadalam m.mahanri n.kn. d.ri .erit, i.6eb!i. D'ri
pcneeu.sn kohesi leksikal dallm karyany, penb!$ dsl)rr meras rn Jm
menbu.ngkar tarahelndusia yan8 kcms, pcnuh dcncM enosi, bcbas da. li
sepenise.grlr yME disimboLksn oleh Ftulk.erddh karFnyr,
I
CEAPTER
INTRODUCTION
1.1
D.ckFutd
The@
Dgry, happy.
of rh. SrudY
de sone Pavs
sad,
jo'
10
or *h.re!er ve
fom or painrins, drawins' !.€nsi
exprcss
as
hd@ lt cd
Bt
se dpEss it
expE$ our feeling
fe'l
The
sho!1 $ones,
noveh
b€ feelings
c
er' Painrs
be
ol
in the
or dBwe6
{En leelinss via pictues or painls pod or novclisl e4iess dleir feelings
rhoudl'
By usina le8ugc, dvone cm comhunicare his or her feelinS'
md wiat he or sh. wor lo shm
sir! orhes
loms, spoken md Mitten. The winen
Pcople
cd
rfer mv
lened!thaldoesformauific.lwhole
shon $ory
Nhich
t
defincd
fiat happe.
scnses
dd
10
s
s
'orn
messages
ir
Lwo
lbft ol
Has
(19?6:t): fhe *ord
pdqsases spokcn or
wilren' of vhatcvcr
-
the olhe. kinds ol trinen Gxr is 3 kind ol
repEsenlation of hnmm
hmo
ltuiguag'
be Eprq'nted in the
reyr such as snon slotv. Aeordins lo H3llidav aod
t€xr is used in lincuislics to
cd Ee
life lt pEser*
lilc6'v worls
ihe social condilion
being Shon slo.v is one of lnetuv wo*s tha! explain aborl
&od
rhe aurhox 10 express rhcir feelinSs or thousnb
$onl
liletuv workl use a
emerhins lhlt comecled to socill life shon $ory like olher
combinarion of votds or sentences rhaL hos
'live
md h.s ns oM ch.raclri$ics
ill oM
stvle ro na]re the story more
To
6dc^rrnd
of laglage,
a story. the
b€cause one
of the
rcad.a
m
bopefirlly pay denrions to
inporL thi4
in a srory is
{€
dy se
ldBU.Se dEi
sed by tbe author. As stlt€d hy Paul Sinpson in his book.Sr/ltrti.]: '1telonce
hook
lot staleds (2@4:2): slylislics n
h 6sisled
which primary of lace
a nelhod ol texrual i.l..P€lation in
to /d,8,zg? Thc reson why
inpolt@r ro styListicids is beause the vdjous loms. pallems,
co.sti$e linguistis
shctr m o
l
suse is ro
dd lweh rhal
inponMl i.dex ofllc fddion ollhe lext '
H@cq stylisrics. which is concem wilh the sludy oasLtle id le8uase, will
be appropliat€ to
rn lyze
by Pcter Verdonk in his
ce
rhe l&guagc slyle
book.tllti.r
be defined as rhe malysis
desoipuon of i1l purpose
shicl
is used by
llle anhor. As saled
(2002:4): "So slylisrics, Ute sludy ol slyle,
disnncive exprBsior in laDsase rnd lh.
ol
dd €fet."
so. stylislics is th. sludy of explorins the ld8rrage ol the authoB
s*
the orealivity of the
story tluoush
11€
l
usins |ne la.slase lo creale a eood
snage ln otncr wdds, slylislics
ol
cldsiay 1le elemen&
which is used by
altloi ir
$e
l
h
used
psem
ud tr
in the
io idenrill md
guge &al being 6€d. Tne ebnents ol langDge
aurhor cm be claled to lhe study of texl, bequse rhe
lmsuas€ thlt uscd by de allhor in
witte. lext, in lhis cde j6 a shorl
Cohcsion is one olthc elenents thal buijt a textwe
ol!
Gxr.
siory. is
s shted by
(19?6:8): Cohesion is a scmmtic Elalion benven
&
el€nent in lhe lext md sond olner €lenenl thal h crucial to lbe inlerpiehlion
ol
Halliday
ud H6d
il, ' Cohesion is
a
impond ddice
in lhe lingristics de$riplion of lilerdy lexts
CHAPTER 4
Cohesion devices
dc
the inporrant element in a lext lhat buill lhe texl
lexrurc. wirhorr cohesion there is no relaled neanins mons rhe scdenes, Thec
r€
sone coiesive devices *hich
cohesile dcvices
re
used by the
m
doninmlly occm in litcBry worLs Thc5s
du6or ro nate the conlenr oaihe work mor
bcaulitul md inleEsted lo rcad, Throush the deyices, the aulhor tries lo delivc!
rhe meani.g
lia
lmEuaae md the delic€s,
i.
this cse lhe devices is lexical
cohesion.Ir is hopelullt the @ders could convey the nemins md givc theelect
ro the
eadcr which is comnonly c5l1cd by forcsroundine or psychological efect,
Faulkn$ uses loi€ties ol *ords io deliv*ing hn id€d in the sbon story
Faulk.ff rcnds ro Mire
*ods lhlt hd bem
mo)
choscn
long enlmc.s to descnbe his idea\ Tne choice
pc
ops lends 10 m0ke thc Eadcr
.l
involvc in thc story
whcrc rhcy could fe€l @d inagine the smc siiMtion shich is descnb.d by rhc
rulnor in dE story. Alier
utyzing ilc lcxical coheio; &on l,!c dahh, n h
lound rhlt lerical concsior ielps lhe reldem
b
convey lhe literary
neuir8
in the
shon sory. aaulkner dominatly uscs rcpctilioned collo.arion in expEssing
slJessing thc ideas. Tbrough Lhe
sd
nalysis. repetition is the donin t tlpes ol
lcxical lhat occur wirh 57.6% followed by collocarion (17.92%), nemnyn
(12 ?8%1, synonyh (7.68%). hyponrnr (0.00%).lDd
mlonln(3.84%).
BTBLTOCRAPIIY
Ruilkiene. Janina. (2001). variou oI Cohesfie Deticet in
20.
a!.lrry.zoo{Ie.to.i u
lrillqdt
ttesiters.
2009
t.kh*t'l-t.\rt l
Chapnm, Raynold. (1913) LinEu;lic: and Lit*atue: An lturoductid to
ttel,{r,St/tsticr. Illinoisr whi|ehall Conpmy, wheelins.
Frcnrrin.
d Rob€n Rada6 (1993). A lntadtctian 10 Lanstase.
Fihn Lidition. Harcoul Brlce Jovaovich Coll*e Publisbe6.
vicbna
H.llid.y, M.A.K hd Ruqaiya H6 . (1976). Coheljon atul English. ]..ntJon:
Lonsne croDp Ltd.
----------'.
. (r93s). tu,8aate, coht.r1, .na ki: .4:pe.t ollunsuaqe in u
soc ial-se nir, i. pers pect ivc. D.akia U niresit! .
Hrllida', M.A.K. (1985).,,1 /,//o.tuction la I'unttioml AtMnu.
I.nd.n: EdBrrd Amold Ltd
Hatch. E. 1t992). Discowse anti Lansuaae tulucation
Udivenity Press
Second Edilion.
N.w York Canbrids.
lloey.U.(1991) Pultet8 ofLd,r D lelr. Oxford: OUP
Link,Alcr.(2004)',t/,&nsEverythksDnit:AStylhticsAnatsisofLi"s,istics
Pattems ih Hilh likc White Etephdnts (CtitiLal Esat . F.en]evel
on
A!.il
ll,
h otttulaticle! ennp/ttittelni
..,1|,1..11
20C9
li.n
67it/is 2 23/ai n28l9J2/-i/?tap
Renkena Jan (l 993). Di!,,^! 91r/t: ,'1n tnttu.tucbry Tert Baak Philadelphi :
Jobn Benimrin !ublisninA comFsy
Serden,
Rmd md
Peter Wi{ldowson. l.1tt3). A ReaAet\ G"ide
Conlenp.tury Lnerurt: meot!. I hnd Edilion. Ihe Mivereity Press
s\cms. i\.er- (lodr'
,
.t'rof
and
SDliiL
,
'.
'
r' r..?
SrLd\
,-at.a.\.ncLla PA t.,, t.o..ptlt.te-",1 1r'.tll