Pengaruh Pertumbuhan Penduduk Dan Struktur Ekonomi Terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Dan Pengangguran Di Indonesia.
PENGARUH PERTUMBUHAN PENDUDUK DAN STRUKTUR
EKONOMI TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI DAN
PENGANGGURAN DI INDONESIA
SKRIPSI
Oleh :
KADEK FIBA PRANA CITA
NIM : 1115151004
PROGRAM EKSTENSI
FAKULTAS EKONOMI DAN BISNIS
UNIVERSITAS UDAYANA
DENPASAR
2016
Skripsi ini telah diuji oleh tim penguji dan disetujui oleh Pembimbing, serta diuji pada tanggal :
10 Juni 2016
Tim Penguji:
Tanda Tangan
1.
Ketua
: Drs. I Gusti Bagus Indrajaya, M.Si
……………..
2.
Sekretaris
: Drs. I Gusti Putu Nara Wirawan, M.Si
……………..
3.
Anggota
: Drs. Ni Putu Martini Dewi, M.Si
……………..
Mengetahui,
Ketua Jurusan EP
Pembimbing
(Dr. Ida Ayu Nyoman Saskara, SE, M.Si) (Drs. I Gusti Putu Nata Wirawan, M.Si)
NIP. 19580219 198601 2 001
NIP. 195212311985031004
ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui (1) pengaruh pertumbuhan
penduduk secara langsung terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi di Indonesia, (2)
pengaruh struktur ekonomi secara langsung terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi di
Indonesia, (3) pengaruh pertumbuhan penduduk secara langsung terhadap
pengangguran di Indonesia, (4) pengaruh struktur ekonomi secara langsung
terhadap pengangguran di Indonesia, (5) pengaruh pertumbuhan ekonomi secara
langsung terhadap pengangguran di Indonesia.
Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian kuantitatif dengan jenis penelitian
penjelasan atau explanatory research, yang akan menjelaskan hubungan kausal
antara variabel independen tersebut terhadap variabel dependen melalui pengujian
hipotesis. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui kuesioner, sedangkan analisis data
dilakukan dengan analisis jalur.
Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa (1) pertumbuhan penduduk
berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi di Indonesia.
(2) Struktur ekonomi berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan
ekonomi di Indonesia. (3) Pertumbuhan penduduk berpengaruh positif dan
signifikan terhadap pengangguran di Indonesia. (4) Struktur ekonomi berpengaruh
positif dan signifikan terhadap pengangguran di Indonesia. (5) Pertumbuhan
ekonomi berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap pengangguran di Indonesia.
Kata Kunci: Pertumbuhan Penduduk, Struktur Ekonomi, Pertumbuhan
Ekonomi, Pengangguran
ABSTRACT
This study aims to determine (1) the effect of population growth directly to
economic growth in Indonesia, (2) the effect of the economic structure directly to
economic growth in Indonesia, (3) the effect of population growth is directly
against unemployment in Indonesia, (4) the effect economic structure directly
against unemployment in Indonesia, (5) the effect of economic growth directly
against unemployment in Indonesia.
This study included a quantitative study with this type of explanation or
explanatory research study, which would explain the causal relationship between
the independent variable on the dependent variable through hypothesis testing.
Data collected through questionnaires, while data analysis is done by lane
analysis.
Based on the survey results revealed that (1) the population growth
positive and significant effect on economic growth in Indonesia. (2) The economic
structure and significant positive effect on economic growth in Indonesia. (3) The
population growth positive and significant effect on unemployment in Indonesia.
(4) The economic structure and significant positive effect on unemployment in
Indonesia. (5) economic growth is negative and significant effect on
unemployment in Indonesia.
Keywords: Population Growth, Economic Structure, Economic Growth,
Unemployment.
ii
DAFTAR ISI
HALAMAN
JUDUL
.......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
i
.......................................................................................................................
LEMBAR
PANITIA
PENGUJI
.......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
ii
PERNYATAAN
ORISINALITAS
.......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
iii
KATA
PENGANTAR
.......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
iv
ABSTRAK
.......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
vi
ABSTRACT
.......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
vii
DAFTAR
ISI
.......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
viii
DAFTAR
TABEL
.......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
xi
iii
DAFTAR
GAMBAR
.......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
xii
DAFTAR
LAMPIRAN
.......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
xiii
BAB
I
PENDAHULUAN
.......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
1
1.1 Latar
Belakang
Masalah
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
1
1.2 Rumusan
Masalah
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
11
1.3 Tujuan
Penelitian
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
11
1.4 Kegunaan
Penelitian
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
12
1.4.1 Kegunaan
Teoritis
.................................................................................................
.................................................................................................
12
1.4.2 Kegunaan
Praktis
.................................................................................................
.................................................................................................
12
iv
1.5 Sistematika
Penulisan
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
12
BAB
II
TINJAUAN
PUSTAKA
.......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
14
2.1 Landasan
Teori
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
14
2.1.1 Pengangguran
.................................................................................................
.................................................................................................
14
2.1.2 Konsep
Pertumbuhan
Ekonomi
.................................................................................................
.................................................................................................
20
2.1.3 Konsep
Pertumbuhan
Penduduk
.................................................................................................
.................................................................................................
26
2.1.4 Konsep
Struktur
Ekonomi
.................................................................................................
.................................................................................................
28
2.2 Penelitian
Terdahulu
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
30
2.3 Kerangka
Berfikir
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
36
v
2.4 Konsep
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
37
2.5 Hipotesis
Penelitian
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
38
2.5.1 Pengaruh pertumbuhan penduduk terhadap pertumbuhan
ekonomi
.................................................................................................
.................................................................................................
38
2.5.2 Pengaruh struktur ekonomi terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi..
.................................................................................................
.................................................................................................
40
2.5.3 Pengaruh pertumbuhan penduduk terhadap pengangguran
.................................................................................................
.................................................................................................
41
2.5.4 Pengaruh pertumbuhan penduduk dan struktur ekonomi
terhadap
pengangguran
.................................................................................................
.................................................................................................
44
2.5.5 Pengaruh pertumbuhan ekonomi terhadap pengangguran
.................................................................................................
.................................................................................................
46
BAB
III
METODE
PENELITIAN
.......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
48
3.1 Desain
Penelitian
vi
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
48
3.2 Obyek
Penelitian
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
49
3.3 Identifikasi
Variabel
Penelitian
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
49
3.4 Definisi
Operasional
Variabel
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
50
3.5 Jenis
dan
Sumber
Data
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
52
3.6 Metode
Pengumpulan
Data
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
52
3.7 Teknik
Analisis
Data
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
52
3.7.1 Path
Analysis
.................................................................................................
.................................................................................................
52
3.7.2 Uji
Hipotesis
.................................................................................................
.................................................................................................
58
BAB IV DATA DAN PEMBAHASAN HASIL PENELITIAN
vii
.......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
60
4.1 Gambaran
Umum
Indonesia
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
60
4.1.1
Letak
Geografis
.....................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................
60
4.1.2
Letak
Astronomis
.....................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................
62
4.1.3
Letak
Geologis
.....................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................
62
4.1.4
Mata
Pencaharian
.....................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................
63
4.1.5
Sumber
Daya
Manusia
.....................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................
63
4.2
Analisis
Data
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
64
4.3 Analisis
Statistik
Deskriptif
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
65
4.4 Path
Analysis
viii
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
66
4.5 Pengujian
Hipotesis
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
71
4.6 Uji
Kelayakan
Model
(Uji
F)
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
73
4.7 Koefisien
Determinasi
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
74
4.8 Pengaruh Pertumbuhan Penduduk Dan Struktur Ekonomi Terhadap
Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Dan Pengangguran Di Indonesia
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
76
4.8.1 Pengaruh
Pertumbuhan
Penduduk
Secara
Langsung
Terhadap
Pertumbuhan
Ekonomi
di
Indonesia
.................................................................................................
.................................................................................................
76
4.8.2 Pengaruh Struktur Ekonomi Secara Langsung Terhadap
Pertumbuhan
Ekonomi
di
Indonesia
.................................................................................................
.................................................................................................
78
4.8.3 Pengaruh
Pertumbuhan
Penduduk
Secara
Langsung
Terhadap
Pengangguran
di
Indonesia
.................................................................................................
.................................................................................................
79
ix
4.8.4 Pengaruh Struktur Ekonomi secara langsung terhadap
Pengangguran
di
Indonesia
.................................................................................................
.................................................................................................
80
4.8.5 Pengaruh Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Secara Langsung Terhadap
Pengangguran
di
Indonesia
.................................................................................................
.................................................................................................
81
4.8.6 Pengaruh Pertumbuhan Penduduk Secara Tidak Langsung
Terhadap Pengangguran Melalui Pertumbuhan Ekonomi
.................................................................................................
.................................................................................................
82
4.8.7 Pengaruh Struktur Ekonomi Secara Tidak Langsung
Terhadap Pengangguran Melalui Pertumbuhan Ekonomi
.................................................................................................
.................................................................................................
83
BAB
V
SIMPULAN
DAN
SARAN
.......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
85
5.1 Simpulan
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
85
5.2 Saran
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
85
DAFTAR
PUSTAKA
x
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
87
LAMPIRAN
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
91
DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 1.1 Jumlah Angkatan Kerja, Penduduk Bekerja, Pengangguran,
Tingkat Partisipasi Angkatan Kerja dan Tingkat Pengangguran
Terbuka,
1994–2013
.....................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................
4
Tabel 4.1 Hasil
Statistik
Deskriptif
Variabel
Penelitian
.....................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................
65
Tabel 4.2 Hasil
Path
Analysis
.....................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................
67
Tabel 4.3 Pengaruh Langsung (direct effect/DE) dan Tidak Langsung
(indirecteffect/IE)
.....................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................
70
Tabel 4.4 Hasil
Uji
Kelayakan
xi
Model
(Uji
F)
.....................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................
74
Tabel 4.5 Koefisien
Determinasi
Struktur
I
.....................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................
75
Tabel 4.6 Koefisien
Determinasi
Struktur
II
.....................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................
75
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Grafik 1.1
Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Indonesia Tahun 1998-2013
xii
.................................................................................................
.................................................................................................
5
Grafik 1.2
Pertumbuhan Penduduk Di Indonesia Tahun 2005-2013
.................................................................................................
.................................................................................................
7
Grafik 1.3
Perubahan Struktur Ekonomi Indonesia Tahun 1986-2013
.................................................................................................
.................................................................................................
8
Gambar 2.1 Kerangka
Berpikir
.................................................................................................
.................................................................................................
37
Gambar 2.2 Konsep
Penelitian
.................................................................................................
.................................................................................................
38
Gambar 3.1 Desain
Penelitian
.................................................................................................
.................................................................................................
49
Gambar 3.2 Model Diagram Jalur Penuh Basic Model Penelitian
.................................................................................................
.................................................................................................
54
Gambar 4.1 Koefesien
Path
Analysis
.................................................................................................
.................................................................................................
67
xiii
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
Lampiran I
Tabulasi Data Penelitian
Lampiran II
Hasil Analisis Deskriptif
Lampiran III Hasil Path Analysis
xiv
EKONOMI TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI DAN
PENGANGGURAN DI INDONESIA
SKRIPSI
Oleh :
KADEK FIBA PRANA CITA
NIM : 1115151004
PROGRAM EKSTENSI
FAKULTAS EKONOMI DAN BISNIS
UNIVERSITAS UDAYANA
DENPASAR
2016
Skripsi ini telah diuji oleh tim penguji dan disetujui oleh Pembimbing, serta diuji pada tanggal :
10 Juni 2016
Tim Penguji:
Tanda Tangan
1.
Ketua
: Drs. I Gusti Bagus Indrajaya, M.Si
……………..
2.
Sekretaris
: Drs. I Gusti Putu Nara Wirawan, M.Si
……………..
3.
Anggota
: Drs. Ni Putu Martini Dewi, M.Si
……………..
Mengetahui,
Ketua Jurusan EP
Pembimbing
(Dr. Ida Ayu Nyoman Saskara, SE, M.Si) (Drs. I Gusti Putu Nata Wirawan, M.Si)
NIP. 19580219 198601 2 001
NIP. 195212311985031004
ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui (1) pengaruh pertumbuhan
penduduk secara langsung terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi di Indonesia, (2)
pengaruh struktur ekonomi secara langsung terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi di
Indonesia, (3) pengaruh pertumbuhan penduduk secara langsung terhadap
pengangguran di Indonesia, (4) pengaruh struktur ekonomi secara langsung
terhadap pengangguran di Indonesia, (5) pengaruh pertumbuhan ekonomi secara
langsung terhadap pengangguran di Indonesia.
Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian kuantitatif dengan jenis penelitian
penjelasan atau explanatory research, yang akan menjelaskan hubungan kausal
antara variabel independen tersebut terhadap variabel dependen melalui pengujian
hipotesis. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui kuesioner, sedangkan analisis data
dilakukan dengan analisis jalur.
Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa (1) pertumbuhan penduduk
berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi di Indonesia.
(2) Struktur ekonomi berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan
ekonomi di Indonesia. (3) Pertumbuhan penduduk berpengaruh positif dan
signifikan terhadap pengangguran di Indonesia. (4) Struktur ekonomi berpengaruh
positif dan signifikan terhadap pengangguran di Indonesia. (5) Pertumbuhan
ekonomi berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap pengangguran di Indonesia.
Kata Kunci: Pertumbuhan Penduduk, Struktur Ekonomi, Pertumbuhan
Ekonomi, Pengangguran
ABSTRACT
This study aims to determine (1) the effect of population growth directly to
economic growth in Indonesia, (2) the effect of the economic structure directly to
economic growth in Indonesia, (3) the effect of population growth is directly
against unemployment in Indonesia, (4) the effect economic structure directly
against unemployment in Indonesia, (5) the effect of economic growth directly
against unemployment in Indonesia.
This study included a quantitative study with this type of explanation or
explanatory research study, which would explain the causal relationship between
the independent variable on the dependent variable through hypothesis testing.
Data collected through questionnaires, while data analysis is done by lane
analysis.
Based on the survey results revealed that (1) the population growth
positive and significant effect on economic growth in Indonesia. (2) The economic
structure and significant positive effect on economic growth in Indonesia. (3) The
population growth positive and significant effect on unemployment in Indonesia.
(4) The economic structure and significant positive effect on unemployment in
Indonesia. (5) economic growth is negative and significant effect on
unemployment in Indonesia.
Keywords: Population Growth, Economic Structure, Economic Growth,
Unemployment.
ii
DAFTAR ISI
HALAMAN
JUDUL
.......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
i
.......................................................................................................................
LEMBAR
PANITIA
PENGUJI
.......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
ii
PERNYATAAN
ORISINALITAS
.......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
iii
KATA
PENGANTAR
.......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
iv
ABSTRAK
.......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
vi
ABSTRACT
.......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
vii
DAFTAR
ISI
.......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
viii
DAFTAR
TABEL
.......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
xi
iii
DAFTAR
GAMBAR
.......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
xii
DAFTAR
LAMPIRAN
.......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
xiii
BAB
I
PENDAHULUAN
.......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
1
1.1 Latar
Belakang
Masalah
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
1
1.2 Rumusan
Masalah
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
11
1.3 Tujuan
Penelitian
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
11
1.4 Kegunaan
Penelitian
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
12
1.4.1 Kegunaan
Teoritis
.................................................................................................
.................................................................................................
12
1.4.2 Kegunaan
Praktis
.................................................................................................
.................................................................................................
12
iv
1.5 Sistematika
Penulisan
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
12
BAB
II
TINJAUAN
PUSTAKA
.......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
14
2.1 Landasan
Teori
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
14
2.1.1 Pengangguran
.................................................................................................
.................................................................................................
14
2.1.2 Konsep
Pertumbuhan
Ekonomi
.................................................................................................
.................................................................................................
20
2.1.3 Konsep
Pertumbuhan
Penduduk
.................................................................................................
.................................................................................................
26
2.1.4 Konsep
Struktur
Ekonomi
.................................................................................................
.................................................................................................
28
2.2 Penelitian
Terdahulu
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
30
2.3 Kerangka
Berfikir
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
36
v
2.4 Konsep
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
37
2.5 Hipotesis
Penelitian
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
38
2.5.1 Pengaruh pertumbuhan penduduk terhadap pertumbuhan
ekonomi
.................................................................................................
.................................................................................................
38
2.5.2 Pengaruh struktur ekonomi terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi..
.................................................................................................
.................................................................................................
40
2.5.3 Pengaruh pertumbuhan penduduk terhadap pengangguran
.................................................................................................
.................................................................................................
41
2.5.4 Pengaruh pertumbuhan penduduk dan struktur ekonomi
terhadap
pengangguran
.................................................................................................
.................................................................................................
44
2.5.5 Pengaruh pertumbuhan ekonomi terhadap pengangguran
.................................................................................................
.................................................................................................
46
BAB
III
METODE
PENELITIAN
.......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
48
3.1 Desain
Penelitian
vi
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
48
3.2 Obyek
Penelitian
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
49
3.3 Identifikasi
Variabel
Penelitian
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
49
3.4 Definisi
Operasional
Variabel
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
50
3.5 Jenis
dan
Sumber
Data
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
52
3.6 Metode
Pengumpulan
Data
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
52
3.7 Teknik
Analisis
Data
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
52
3.7.1 Path
Analysis
.................................................................................................
.................................................................................................
52
3.7.2 Uji
Hipotesis
.................................................................................................
.................................................................................................
58
BAB IV DATA DAN PEMBAHASAN HASIL PENELITIAN
vii
.......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
60
4.1 Gambaran
Umum
Indonesia
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
60
4.1.1
Letak
Geografis
.....................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................
60
4.1.2
Letak
Astronomis
.....................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................
62
4.1.3
Letak
Geologis
.....................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................
62
4.1.4
Mata
Pencaharian
.....................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................
63
4.1.5
Sumber
Daya
Manusia
.....................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................
63
4.2
Analisis
Data
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
64
4.3 Analisis
Statistik
Deskriptif
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
65
4.4 Path
Analysis
viii
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
66
4.5 Pengujian
Hipotesis
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
71
4.6 Uji
Kelayakan
Model
(Uji
F)
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
73
4.7 Koefisien
Determinasi
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
74
4.8 Pengaruh Pertumbuhan Penduduk Dan Struktur Ekonomi Terhadap
Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Dan Pengangguran Di Indonesia
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
76
4.8.1 Pengaruh
Pertumbuhan
Penduduk
Secara
Langsung
Terhadap
Pertumbuhan
Ekonomi
di
Indonesia
.................................................................................................
.................................................................................................
76
4.8.2 Pengaruh Struktur Ekonomi Secara Langsung Terhadap
Pertumbuhan
Ekonomi
di
Indonesia
.................................................................................................
.................................................................................................
78
4.8.3 Pengaruh
Pertumbuhan
Penduduk
Secara
Langsung
Terhadap
Pengangguran
di
Indonesia
.................................................................................................
.................................................................................................
79
ix
4.8.4 Pengaruh Struktur Ekonomi secara langsung terhadap
Pengangguran
di
Indonesia
.................................................................................................
.................................................................................................
80
4.8.5 Pengaruh Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Secara Langsung Terhadap
Pengangguran
di
Indonesia
.................................................................................................
.................................................................................................
81
4.8.6 Pengaruh Pertumbuhan Penduduk Secara Tidak Langsung
Terhadap Pengangguran Melalui Pertumbuhan Ekonomi
.................................................................................................
.................................................................................................
82
4.8.7 Pengaruh Struktur Ekonomi Secara Tidak Langsung
Terhadap Pengangguran Melalui Pertumbuhan Ekonomi
.................................................................................................
.................................................................................................
83
BAB
V
SIMPULAN
DAN
SARAN
.......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
85
5.1 Simpulan
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
85
5.2 Saran
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
85
DAFTAR
PUSTAKA
x
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
87
LAMPIRAN
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
91
DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 1.1 Jumlah Angkatan Kerja, Penduduk Bekerja, Pengangguran,
Tingkat Partisipasi Angkatan Kerja dan Tingkat Pengangguran
Terbuka,
1994–2013
.....................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................
4
Tabel 4.1 Hasil
Statistik
Deskriptif
Variabel
Penelitian
.....................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................
65
Tabel 4.2 Hasil
Path
Analysis
.....................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................
67
Tabel 4.3 Pengaruh Langsung (direct effect/DE) dan Tidak Langsung
(indirecteffect/IE)
.....................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................
70
Tabel 4.4 Hasil
Uji
Kelayakan
xi
Model
(Uji
F)
.....................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................
74
Tabel 4.5 Koefisien
Determinasi
Struktur
I
.....................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................
75
Tabel 4.6 Koefisien
Determinasi
Struktur
II
.....................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................
75
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Grafik 1.1
Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Indonesia Tahun 1998-2013
xii
.................................................................................................
.................................................................................................
5
Grafik 1.2
Pertumbuhan Penduduk Di Indonesia Tahun 2005-2013
.................................................................................................
.................................................................................................
7
Grafik 1.3
Perubahan Struktur Ekonomi Indonesia Tahun 1986-2013
.................................................................................................
.................................................................................................
8
Gambar 2.1 Kerangka
Berpikir
.................................................................................................
.................................................................................................
37
Gambar 2.2 Konsep
Penelitian
.................................................................................................
.................................................................................................
38
Gambar 3.1 Desain
Penelitian
.................................................................................................
.................................................................................................
49
Gambar 3.2 Model Diagram Jalur Penuh Basic Model Penelitian
.................................................................................................
.................................................................................................
54
Gambar 4.1 Koefesien
Path
Analysis
.................................................................................................
.................................................................................................
67
xiii
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
Lampiran I
Tabulasi Data Penelitian
Lampiran II
Hasil Analisis Deskriptif
Lampiran III Hasil Path Analysis
xiv