5Basic SQL – MEF Materi Sistem dan Teknologi Informasi | Blog Mas'ud Effendi Basic SQL MEF
SQL (Structured Query Language)
TPI4210
Sistem dan Teknologi Informasi
SQL
Structured Query Language
Awalnya disebut SEQUEL
DB/2, SQL/DS dan oracle saat pertama kali
dikuncurkan adalah RDBMS berbasis SQL
SQL
Bahasa standar yang digunakan untuk berkomunikasi dengan
database relasional
Dapat diterapkan untuk banyak database management system
(DBMS) seperti MySQL, Microsoft SQL Server, Oracle,
DB2, PostgreSQL
Perintah standar SQL pada beberapa DBMS hampir sama,
meskipun mungkin juga memiliki "dialect of SQL" yang
memberikan perluasan pada perintah-perintah standar
Klasifikasi SQL
Data Definition Language (DDL)
Data Manipulation Language (DML)
Data Control Language (DCL)
Transaction Control Language (TCL)
SQL Table Creation and Population Commands
Mendefinisikan table (relation)
create table tablename (columnname datatype
{,columnname datatype})
create table item (item_nr varchar2(3), description
varchar2(10), pack_unit integer, unit_price number(5,2))
Mengisi tabel (relation)
insert into tablename (columnname {,columnname})
values (value {,value})
insert into item values('I22', ‘Palu’, 1, 5.50)
DELETE
Baris dapat dihapus dengan operasi DELETE
DELETE FROM tablename WHERE condition
DELETE FROM ITEM WHERE ITEM_Nr=I26;
The SQL Retrieval Statement
Operasi SELECT…..
select columnname {,columnname} from
tablename corrname {,tablename corrname}
Corrname coorelation name alias
SQL select Example
Berikut adalah hasil operasi SELECT berdasarkan
relation/tabel yang telah dibuat dengan operasi
CREATE dan INSERT
select * from item;
Item_Nr Description
I22
Spanner
Pack_Unit
Unit-Price
1
5.50
SQL select Example
Setelah lebih banyak entry
select * from item;
Item_Nr Description
Pack_Unit
Unit-Price
I22
Spanner
1
5.50
I35
Nut
100
0.05
I87
Washer
100
0.05
I22
Spanner
1
5.50
I98
Tool Box
1
21.75
I56
Hammer
1
14.95
I34
Nail
20
3.45
SQL - A Simple PROJECTION
select item_nr, description from item;
Item_Nr Description
I22
Spanner
I35
Nut
I87
Washer
I22
Spanner
I98
Tool Box
I56
Hammer
I34
Nail
Kolom-kolom yang
ditampilkan bisa diatur
urutannya
SQL - A SELECTION
select * from item
where item_nr > 'I30' and item_nr < 'I90';
Item_Nr Description
Pack_Unit
Unit-Price
I35
Nut
100
0.05
I87
Washer
100
0.05
I56
Hammer
1
14.95
I34
Nail
20
3.45
Kombinasi kriteria dalam selection
SQL - The ORDER BY Clause
select * from item
where item_nr > 'I30’ and item_nr < 'I90'
order by description;
Item_Nr Description
Pack_Unit
Unit-Price
I56
Hammer
1
14.95
I34
Nail
20
3.45
I35
Nut
100
0.05
I87
Washer
100
0.05
SQL - RESTRICTION and PROJECTION
select item_nr,description from item
where item_nr > 'I30'
and item_nr < 'I90’;
Item_Nr Description
I56
Hammer
I34
Nail
I35
Nut
I87
Washer
The Other Two Tables in the Sample Data
Model . . .
ITEMSUPPLIER
Item_Nr Supp_Nr
SUPPLIER
Supp_Nr
Supp_Name
S21
Allgoods
S34
Sumgoods
S35
Fewgoods
I26
S45
I26
S21
I35
S45
I87
S21
I87
S34
I22
S34
I98
S34
I56
S21
I34
S21
An SQL JOIN (ITEM to ITEMSUPPLIER)
select * from item i, itemsupplier i_s
where i.item_nr = i_s.item_nr;
Item_Nr
Description
Pack_Unit
Unit-Price
Item_Nr
Supp_Nr
I26
Bolt
10
0.10
I26
S45
I26
Bolt
10
0.10
I26
S21
I35
Nut
100
0.05
I35
S45
I87
Washer
100
0.05
I87
S21
I87
Washer
100
0.05
I87
S34
I22
Spanner
1
5.50
I22
S34
I98
Tool Box
1
21.75
I98
S34
I56
Hammer
1
14.95
I56
S21
I34
Nail
20
3.45
I34
S21
Three Tables, Two Joining Conditions
select * from item i, itemsupplier i_s, supplier s
where i.item_nr = i_s.item_nr
and s.supp_nr = i_s.supp_nr;
Item_Nr
Description
I26
Bolt
I26
Pack_Unit
Unit-Price
Item_Nr
Supp_Nr
Supp_Nr
Supp_Name
10
0.10
I26
S45
S45
Fewgoods
Bolt
10
0.10
I26
S21
S21
Allgoods
I35
Nut
100
0.05
I35
S45
S45
Fewgoods
I87
Washer
100
0.05
I87
S21
S21
Allgoods
I87
Washer
100
0.05
I87
S34
S34
Sumgoods
I22
Spanner
1
5.50
I22
S34
S34
Sumgoods
I98
Tool Box
1
21.75
I98
S34
S34
Sumgoods
I56
Hammer
1
14.95
I56
S21
S21
Allgoods
I34
Nail
20
3.45
I34
S21
S21
Allgoods
Two Joins, a Selection and a Projection
select i.item_nr, description, s.supp_nr, supp_name
from item i, itemsupplier i_s, supplier s
where i.item_nr = i_s.item_nr
and s.supp_nr = i_s.supp_nr
and i.item_nr > 'I30' and i.item_nr < 'I90'
Item_Nr Description
Supp_Nr
Supp_Name
I35
Nut
S45
Fewgoods
I87
Washer
S21
Allgoods
I87
Washer
S34
Sumgoods
I56
Hammer
S21
Allgoods
I34
Nail
S21
Allgoods
TPI4210
Sistem dan Teknologi Informasi
SQL
Structured Query Language
Awalnya disebut SEQUEL
DB/2, SQL/DS dan oracle saat pertama kali
dikuncurkan adalah RDBMS berbasis SQL
SQL
Bahasa standar yang digunakan untuk berkomunikasi dengan
database relasional
Dapat diterapkan untuk banyak database management system
(DBMS) seperti MySQL, Microsoft SQL Server, Oracle,
DB2, PostgreSQL
Perintah standar SQL pada beberapa DBMS hampir sama,
meskipun mungkin juga memiliki "dialect of SQL" yang
memberikan perluasan pada perintah-perintah standar
Klasifikasi SQL
Data Definition Language (DDL)
Data Manipulation Language (DML)
Data Control Language (DCL)
Transaction Control Language (TCL)
SQL Table Creation and Population Commands
Mendefinisikan table (relation)
create table tablename (columnname datatype
{,columnname datatype})
create table item (item_nr varchar2(3), description
varchar2(10), pack_unit integer, unit_price number(5,2))
Mengisi tabel (relation)
insert into tablename (columnname {,columnname})
values (value {,value})
insert into item values('I22', ‘Palu’, 1, 5.50)
DELETE
Baris dapat dihapus dengan operasi DELETE
DELETE FROM tablename WHERE condition
DELETE FROM ITEM WHERE ITEM_Nr=I26;
The SQL Retrieval Statement
Operasi SELECT…..
select columnname {,columnname} from
tablename corrname {,tablename corrname}
Corrname coorelation name alias
SQL select Example
Berikut adalah hasil operasi SELECT berdasarkan
relation/tabel yang telah dibuat dengan operasi
CREATE dan INSERT
select * from item;
Item_Nr Description
I22
Spanner
Pack_Unit
Unit-Price
1
5.50
SQL select Example
Setelah lebih banyak entry
select * from item;
Item_Nr Description
Pack_Unit
Unit-Price
I22
Spanner
1
5.50
I35
Nut
100
0.05
I87
Washer
100
0.05
I22
Spanner
1
5.50
I98
Tool Box
1
21.75
I56
Hammer
1
14.95
I34
Nail
20
3.45
SQL - A Simple PROJECTION
select item_nr, description from item;
Item_Nr Description
I22
Spanner
I35
Nut
I87
Washer
I22
Spanner
I98
Tool Box
I56
Hammer
I34
Nail
Kolom-kolom yang
ditampilkan bisa diatur
urutannya
SQL - A SELECTION
select * from item
where item_nr > 'I30' and item_nr < 'I90';
Item_Nr Description
Pack_Unit
Unit-Price
I35
Nut
100
0.05
I87
Washer
100
0.05
I56
Hammer
1
14.95
I34
Nail
20
3.45
Kombinasi kriteria dalam selection
SQL - The ORDER BY Clause
select * from item
where item_nr > 'I30’ and item_nr < 'I90'
order by description;
Item_Nr Description
Pack_Unit
Unit-Price
I56
Hammer
1
14.95
I34
Nail
20
3.45
I35
Nut
100
0.05
I87
Washer
100
0.05
SQL - RESTRICTION and PROJECTION
select item_nr,description from item
where item_nr > 'I30'
and item_nr < 'I90’;
Item_Nr Description
I56
Hammer
I34
Nail
I35
Nut
I87
Washer
The Other Two Tables in the Sample Data
Model . . .
ITEMSUPPLIER
Item_Nr Supp_Nr
SUPPLIER
Supp_Nr
Supp_Name
S21
Allgoods
S34
Sumgoods
S35
Fewgoods
I26
S45
I26
S21
I35
S45
I87
S21
I87
S34
I22
S34
I98
S34
I56
S21
I34
S21
An SQL JOIN (ITEM to ITEMSUPPLIER)
select * from item i, itemsupplier i_s
where i.item_nr = i_s.item_nr;
Item_Nr
Description
Pack_Unit
Unit-Price
Item_Nr
Supp_Nr
I26
Bolt
10
0.10
I26
S45
I26
Bolt
10
0.10
I26
S21
I35
Nut
100
0.05
I35
S45
I87
Washer
100
0.05
I87
S21
I87
Washer
100
0.05
I87
S34
I22
Spanner
1
5.50
I22
S34
I98
Tool Box
1
21.75
I98
S34
I56
Hammer
1
14.95
I56
S21
I34
Nail
20
3.45
I34
S21
Three Tables, Two Joining Conditions
select * from item i, itemsupplier i_s, supplier s
where i.item_nr = i_s.item_nr
and s.supp_nr = i_s.supp_nr;
Item_Nr
Description
I26
Bolt
I26
Pack_Unit
Unit-Price
Item_Nr
Supp_Nr
Supp_Nr
Supp_Name
10
0.10
I26
S45
S45
Fewgoods
Bolt
10
0.10
I26
S21
S21
Allgoods
I35
Nut
100
0.05
I35
S45
S45
Fewgoods
I87
Washer
100
0.05
I87
S21
S21
Allgoods
I87
Washer
100
0.05
I87
S34
S34
Sumgoods
I22
Spanner
1
5.50
I22
S34
S34
Sumgoods
I98
Tool Box
1
21.75
I98
S34
S34
Sumgoods
I56
Hammer
1
14.95
I56
S21
S21
Allgoods
I34
Nail
20
3.45
I34
S21
S21
Allgoods
Two Joins, a Selection and a Projection
select i.item_nr, description, s.supp_nr, supp_name
from item i, itemsupplier i_s, supplier s
where i.item_nr = i_s.item_nr
and s.supp_nr = i_s.supp_nr
and i.item_nr > 'I30' and i.item_nr < 'I90'
Item_Nr Description
Supp_Nr
Supp_Name
I35
Nut
S45
Fewgoods
I87
Washer
S21
Allgoods
I87
Washer
S34
Sumgoods
I56
Hammer
S21
Allgoods
I34
Nail
S21
Allgoods