SEMINAR UNES Karya Tulis Ilmiah Nov 2008 OK
2345678
76 8
2
365276
787 5457 725 3635576
76 36347676 867
387
83
5725
4 ! "# " $!% !
#& 5 !
$!'$ (!'! %#! $##$ ) * $ (' $!$ ) ! ! +$# ) 6$'$#
2$ #!'*
% %!%!' ) * 2$ #!' ,-./0 6"+$ ($# /001
2
3456789:;:5?@9A:B>CBD
=:E5?FGH@?8@EC@E@9I@?@J?KL59EKA@EM5N59KO:NP@Q@9A@
2
2
RST36
776
UVWXYZ[\]Z[\^Z_Z[`Z[\abacV[dZX\aZ^[Z\dZ[`\YZaZe\fZghZ\i_Z[`\
dZ[`\abWZ^V^Z[\^b`XZjZ[\ab[VWXY\ab_b^Z\abWZ^V^Z[\Z^jXkXjZY\ab[`Z_Z[`l\
UVWXYZ[\ZjZV\^Z_Z[`Z[\ab_VcZ^Z[\V[`^ZcZ[\X]b\ZjZV\cbYZ[\dZ[`\
jb_i_`Z[XYX_\YbmZ_Z\jb_jVWXY\jZ[cZ\abafb]Z^Z[\gZYXW\^Z_dZ[dZ\XWaXZg\ZjZV\
jX]Z^l\\nVZjV\jVWXYZ[\]X^ZjZ^Z[\XWaXZge\ZcZfXWZ\X]b\]Z[\cbYZ[\dZ[`\
]XV[`^Zc^Z[\]ZWZa\fb[jV^\jVWXYZ[\]X]ZYZ_^Z[\cZ]Z\gZYXW\cb[`ZaZjZ[e\
gZYXW\^b_oZe\cb[`^ZoXZ[e\]Z[\cb[bWXjXZ[\]ZWZa\fX]Z[`\jb_jb[jVe\dZ[`\]XYVYV[\
ab[``V[Z^Z[\abji]b\jb_jb[jVe\]b[`Z[\YXYjbaZjX^Z\cb[VWXYZ[\]Z[\fZgZYZ\
fZ^Ve\]Z[\XYX[dZ\]ZcZj\]Xcb_jZ[``V[`oZhZf^Z[\^bfb[Z_Z[[dZl\pb[`Z[\
]baX^XZ[\jVWXYZ[\]X^ZjZ^Z[\^Z_dZ\XWaXZg\ZcZfXWZq\\
\
rlstb[`V[`^Zc^Z[\aZYZWZg\dZ[`\Yb]Z[`\ab[oZ]X\XYVe\aZYXg\gZ[`Zj\
]XfXmZ_Z^Z[\^gZWZdZ^e\ab[Z_X^\]Z[\aZacV\abafb_X^Z[\^bYZ[\fZX^\
^bcZ]Z\cbafZmZ\YbgX[``Z\X[`X[\ab[`bjZgVX\cbabmZgZ[[dZl\\
ulstb[`V[`^Zc^Z[\aZYZWZg\YbmZ_Z\ifdb^jXve\fb_]ZYZ_^Z[\_bZWXjZ\]Z[\
fV^Z[\gZYXW\_b^ZZ[\cb[VWXY\dZ[`\YXvZj[dZ\YVfob^jXve\ZjZV\Z[`Z[w\Z[`Z[\
cb[VWXY\jZ[cZ\]XWZ[]ZYX\cbaX^X_Z[\XWaXZgl\\
xlstb[`V[`^Zc^Z[\^i[]XYX\vZ^jVZW\]X\WZcZ[`Z[e\ZjZV\^bfXoZ^Z[\YVZjV\
WbafZ`Z\]Z[\cbab_X[jZge\gZ_VY\]X]V^V[`\iWbg\]ZjZ\bacX_X^l\
ylsUVWXYZ[\gZ_VY\Wb[`^Zce\]ZWZa\Z_jX\ab[`V[`^Zc^Z[\ZYcb^\dZ[`\
jb_^ZXj\]b[`Z[\cb_aZYZWZgZ[\dZ[`\]XfZgZYe\]X^baV^Z^Z[\YbmZ_Z\
Wb[`^Zc\]Z[\obWZY\jZ[cZ\Z]Z\dZ[`\]XYbafV[dX^Z[\^Z_b[Z\YbYVZjV\gZWl\\
zls{bafZgZYZ[\]X]ZYZ_^Z[\cZ]Z\jbi_Xe\vZ^jZe\^i[jb^Y\]Z[\bacX_XY\\
|ls{bafZgZYZ[\fb_YXvZj\Z[ZWXjXYe\]XaZ[Z\cb[VWXY\ab[`V[`^Zc^Z[\
cb_aZYZWZgZ[e\ab[mZ_X\]Z[\ab[`V_ZX^Z[\jb[jZ[`\gVfV[`Z[\
fbfb_ZcZ\vb[iab[Z\dZ[`\Yb]Z[`\ab[oZ]X\vi^VY\cbafXZmZ_ZZ[l\
}~sUVWXYZ[\]XYVYV[\YbmZ_Z\YXYjbaZjXYe\fb_Z_jX\fZghZ\cb_aZYZWZgZ[\
]XV[`^Zc^Z[\YbmZ_Z\_V[jVje\fb_ob[oZ[`e\]Z[\fb_^bYX[ZafV[`Z[l\2
2
2
1
23567685676
6
6 6
!!" # $!% &"!%!& $'
()*+, "-# %" &., " "! &! %"
/%% " & !&" $%)
0)*1"% %"-!" &$& ! !!" " "
# %-# -# ! " # )
2)*3# !%.-! % ., " ! !! !
,& $ .!% " # - %! # ".% .!%.- %!
% #$4% #$-! /% / %" # )
5)*6, / $ ".-/ "&$ ! !!% &$"
& !/% %")
7)*8 &"" !" - % % &"% $! "&$
/% # &!/ #% ,",&)
9)*: ,%!4 /!-/ "&$ !/! ! ,& $
% , & ;-!,% !"% &% $"&/ &%" # & )
76 8
2
365276
787 5457 725 3635576
76 36347676 867
387
83
5725
4 ! "# " $!% !
#& 5 !
$!'$ (!'! %#! $##$ ) * $ (' $!$ ) ! ! +$# ) 6$'$#
2$ #!'*
% %!%!' ) * 2$ #!' ,-./0 6"+$ ($# /001
2
3456789:;:5?@9A:B>CBD
=:E5?FGH@?8@EC@E@9I@?@J?KL59EKA@EM5N59KO:NP@Q@9A@
2
2
RST36
776
UVWXYZ[\]Z[\^Z_Z[`Z[\abacV[dZX\aZ^[Z\dZ[`\YZaZe\fZghZ\i_Z[`\
dZ[`\abWZ^V^Z[\^b`XZjZ[\ab[VWXY\ab_b^Z\abWZ^V^Z[\Z^jXkXjZY\ab[`Z_Z[`l\
UVWXYZ[\ZjZV\^Z_Z[`Z[\ab_VcZ^Z[\V[`^ZcZ[\X]b\ZjZV\cbYZ[\dZ[`\
jb_i_`Z[XYX_\YbmZ_Z\jb_jVWXY\jZ[cZ\abafb]Z^Z[\gZYXW\^Z_dZ[dZ\XWaXZg\ZjZV\
jX]Z^l\\nVZjV\jVWXYZ[\]X^ZjZ^Z[\XWaXZge\ZcZfXWZ\X]b\]Z[\cbYZ[\dZ[`\
]XV[`^Zc^Z[\]ZWZa\fb[jV^\jVWXYZ[\]X]ZYZ_^Z[\cZ]Z\gZYXW\cb[`ZaZjZ[e\
gZYXW\^b_oZe\cb[`^ZoXZ[e\]Z[\cb[bWXjXZ[\]ZWZa\fX]Z[`\jb_jb[jVe\dZ[`\]XYVYV[\
ab[``V[Z^Z[\abji]b\jb_jb[jVe\]b[`Z[\YXYjbaZjX^Z\cb[VWXYZ[\]Z[\fZgZYZ\
fZ^Ve\]Z[\XYX[dZ\]ZcZj\]Xcb_jZ[``V[`oZhZf^Z[\^bfb[Z_Z[[dZl\pb[`Z[\
]baX^XZ[\jVWXYZ[\]X^ZjZ^Z[\^Z_dZ\XWaXZg\ZcZfXWZq\\
\
rlstb[`V[`^Zc^Z[\aZYZWZg\dZ[`\Yb]Z[`\ab[oZ]X\XYVe\aZYXg\gZ[`Zj\
]XfXmZ_Z^Z[\^gZWZdZ^e\ab[Z_X^\]Z[\aZacV\abafb_X^Z[\^bYZ[\fZX^\
^bcZ]Z\cbafZmZ\YbgX[``Z\X[`X[\ab[`bjZgVX\cbabmZgZ[[dZl\\
ulstb[`V[`^Zc^Z[\aZYZWZg\YbmZ_Z\ifdb^jXve\fb_]ZYZ_^Z[\_bZWXjZ\]Z[\
fV^Z[\gZYXW\_b^ZZ[\cb[VWXY\dZ[`\YXvZj[dZ\YVfob^jXve\ZjZV\Z[`Z[w\Z[`Z[\
cb[VWXY\jZ[cZ\]XWZ[]ZYX\cbaX^X_Z[\XWaXZgl\\
xlstb[`V[`^Zc^Z[\^i[]XYX\vZ^jVZW\]X\WZcZ[`Z[e\ZjZV\^bfXoZ^Z[\YVZjV\
WbafZ`Z\]Z[\cbab_X[jZge\gZ_VY\]X]V^V[`\iWbg\]ZjZ\bacX_X^l\
ylsUVWXYZ[\gZ_VY\Wb[`^Zce\]ZWZa\Z_jX\ab[`V[`^Zc^Z[\ZYcb^\dZ[`\
jb_^ZXj\]b[`Z[\cb_aZYZWZgZ[\dZ[`\]XfZgZYe\]X^baV^Z^Z[\YbmZ_Z\
Wb[`^Zc\]Z[\obWZY\jZ[cZ\Z]Z\dZ[`\]XYbafV[dX^Z[\^Z_b[Z\YbYVZjV\gZWl\\
zls{bafZgZYZ[\]X]ZYZ_^Z[\cZ]Z\jbi_Xe\vZ^jZe\^i[jb^Y\]Z[\bacX_XY\\
|ls{bafZgZYZ[\fb_YXvZj\Z[ZWXjXYe\]XaZ[Z\cb[VWXY\ab[`V[`^Zc^Z[\
cb_aZYZWZgZ[e\ab[mZ_X\]Z[\ab[`V_ZX^Z[\jb[jZ[`\gVfV[`Z[\
fbfb_ZcZ\vb[iab[Z\dZ[`\Yb]Z[`\ab[oZ]X\vi^VY\cbafXZmZ_ZZ[l\
}~sUVWXYZ[\]XYVYV[\YbmZ_Z\YXYjbaZjXYe\fb_Z_jX\fZghZ\cb_aZYZWZgZ[\
]XV[`^Zc^Z[\YbmZ_Z\_V[jVje\fb_ob[oZ[`e\]Z[\fb_^bYX[ZafV[`Z[l\2
2
2
1
23567685676
6
6 6
!!" # $!% &"!%!& $'
()*+, "-# %" &., " "! &! %"
/%% " & !&" $%)
0)*1"% %"-!" &$& ! !!" " "
# %-# -# ! " # )
2)*3# !%.-! % ., " ! !! !
,& $ .!% " # - %! # ".% .!%.- %!
% #$4% #$-! /% / %" # )
5)*6, / $ ".-/ "&$ ! !!% &$"
& !/% %")
7)*8 &"" !" - % % &"% $! "&$
/% # &!/ #% ,",&)
9)*: ,%!4 /!-/ "&$ !/! ! ,& $
% , & ;-!,% !"% &% $"&/ &%" # & )