S IND 1202295 TAble of content
DAFTAR ISI
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN .............................................................................
i
LEMBAR HAK CIPTA ................................................................................... ii
LEMBAR PERNYATAAN ............................................................................. iii
LEMBAR PERSEMBAHAN .......................................................................... iv
KATA PENGANTAR ......................................................................................
v
UCAPAN TERIMAKASIH ............................................................................. vi
ABSTRAK ........................................................................................................ viii
ABSTRACT ...................................................................................................... ix
DAFTAR ISI .....................................................................................................
x
DAFTAR TABEL ............................................................................................ xiv
DAFTAR GAMBAR ........................................................................................ xv
DAFTAR GRAFIK .......................................................................................... xvi
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN .................................................................................... xvii
BAB I PENDAHULUAN
A. Latar Belakang Masalah Penelitian ..............................................................
1
B. Rumusan Masalah Penelitian .......................................................................
4
C. Tujuan Penelitian .........................................................................................
4
D. Manfaat Penelitian .......................................................................................
5
E. Struktur Organigram Penelitian ...................................................................
5
BAB II KAJIAN PUSTAKA
A. Menulis Cerpen ............................................................................................
8
1. Pengertian Cerpen ..................................................................................
8
2. Unsur-Unsur Pembentuk Cerpen ...........................................................
9
3. Pembelajaran Menulis Cerpen ................................................................ 15
4. Tahapan Menulis Cerpen ....................................................................... 16
B. Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif & Teknik Silang Cerita Kisah Qurani ..... 18
1. Pembelajaran Kooperatif ........................................................................ 18
a. Pengertian Pembelajaran Kooperatif ................................................ 18
b. Karakteristik dan Prinsip Pembelajaran Kooperatif Learning ......... 20
Muhamad Zainal Arifin, 2016
PENERAPAN TEKNIK SILANG CERITA KISAH QURANI DALAM MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN
MENULIS CERPEN
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
c. Tujuan Pembelajaran Kooperatif ..................................................... 21
d. Kelebihan dan Kekurangan Pembelajaran Kooperatif ..................... 21
2. Teknik Silang Cerita Kisah Qurani ........................................................ 22
a. Pengertian Teknik Silang Cerita Kisah Qurani ............................... 22
b. Langkah-Langkah Penerapan Teknik Silang cerita Kisah Qurani ... 23
C. Alquran dan Kisah ........................................................................................ 24
D. Penelitian Relevan ........................................................................................ 26
BAB III METODE PENELITIAN
A. Metode Penelitian ......................................................................................... 28
B. Desain Penelitian .......................................................................................... 29
C. Populasi dan Sampel .................................................................................... 29
1. Populasi Penelitian ................................................................................. 29
2. Sampel Penelitian ................................................................................... 30
D. Teknik Pengumpulan Data ........................................................................... 30
1. Tes .......................................................................................................... 30
2. Observasi ................................................................................................ 31
E. Instrumen Penelitian ..................................................................................... 31
1. Instrumen Pengumpulan Data ................................................................ 31
a. Kriteria Penilaian Penulisan Cerpen ................................................ 33
b. Format Penilaian .............................................................................. 36
c. Kategori Pemerolehan Skor ............................................................. 36
d. Lembar Observasi Aktivitas Guru ................................................... 37
e. Lembar Observasi Aktivitas Siswa .................................................. 38
2. Instrumen Perlakuan ............................................................................... 39
a. Tahap Perencanaan ........................................................................... 39
b. Tahapan Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran ................................................ 51
F. Teknik Pengolahan Data .............................................................................. 52
1. Pengolahan Data Kualitatif .................................................................... 52
2. Pengolahan Data Kuantitatif .................................................................. 53
a. Menilai hasil prates dan pascates ..................................................... 53
b. Uji Reliabilitas Antarpenimbang ...................................................... 53
c. Mencari Indeks Gain ........................................................................ 55
Muhamad Zainal Arifin, 2016
PENERAPAN TEKNIK SILANG CERITA KISAH QURANI DALAM MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN
MENULIS CERPEN
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
d. Uji Normalitas .................................................................................. 55
e. Uji Homogenitas .............................................................................. 56
f. Uji Hipotesis .................................................................................... 57
BAB IV HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN
A. Deskripsi Proses Penelitian .......................................................................... 58
a. Pelaksanaan Pretest ................................................................................ 58
b. Pelaksanaan Treatment ........................................................................... 58
c. Pelaksanaan Posttest .............................................................................. 67
d. Hasil Penilaian Observer ........................................................................ 67
B. Deskripsi Data Hasil Penelitian ................................................................... 70
1. Hasil Pretest ........................................................................................... 71
2. Hasil Posttest .......................................................................................... 73
C. Analisis Cerpen Karya Siswa Berdasarkan Kriteria Penilaian .................... 75
1. Analisis Hasil Pretest ............................................................................. 75
a. Nilai Kategori Rendah ...................................................................... 72
b. Nilai Kategori Sedang ...................................................................... 81
c. Nilai Kategori Tinggi ....................................................................... 88
2. Analisis Hasil Posttest ........................................................................... 95
a. Nilai Kategori Rendah ...................................................................... 95
b. Nilai Kategori Sedang ...................................................................... 101
c. Nilai Kategori Tinggi ....................................................................... 107
D. Pengolahan Data Secara Statistika ............................................................... 114
1. Mencari Indek Gain ................................................................................ 114
2. Uji Reliabilitas ....................................................................................... 116
3. Uji Normalitas ........................................................................................ 117
4. Uji Homogenitas .................................................................................... 118
5. Uji Hipotesis .......................................................................................... 111
E. Pembahasan Hasil Penelitian ....................................................................... 119
Muhamad Zainal Arifin, 2016
PENERAPAN TEKNIK SILANG CERITA KISAH QURANI DALAM MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN
MENULIS CERPEN
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
BAB V KESIMPULAN, IMPLIKASI, DAN REKOMENDASI
A. Simpulan ..................................................................................................... 125
B. Implikasi ....................................................................................................... 126
C. Rekomendasi ................................................................................................ 127
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ....................................................................................... 128
LAMPIRAN ...................................................................................................... 131
RIWAYAT HIDUP
Muhamad Zainal Arifin, 2016
PENERAPAN TEKNIK SILANG CERITA KISAH QURANI DALAM MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN
MENULIS CERPEN
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
DAFTAR TABEL
2.1
Hasil Penelitian yang Relevan .................................................................. 27
3.1
Desain Penelitian One Group Pretes-Posttest Design .............................. 29
3.2
Sampel Penelitian ..................................................................................... 30
3.3
Instrumen Prates dan Pascates .................................................................. 32
3.4
Kriteria Penilaian Menulis Cerpen ........................................................... 34
3.5
Format Penilaian ....................................................................................... 36
3.6
Penilaian Cerpen Berdasarkan Pemerolehan Skor ................................... 36
3.7
Format Lembar Observasi Aktivitas Guru ............................................... 37
3.8
Lembar Observasi Aktivitas Siswa ........................................................... 38
3.9
Format ANAVA ........................................................................................ 54
3.10 Tabel Guiltford .......................................................................................... 54
3.11 Kategori Indeks Gain ................................................................................ 54
4.1
Skor Hasil Observasi Aktivitas Guru ......................................................... 67
4.2
Skor Hasil Observasi Aktivitas Siswa ....................................................... 69
4.3
Nilai Pretest Kelas Eksperimen ................................................................ 71
4.4
Rekapitulasi Nilai Pretest Kelas Eksperimen ........................................... 72
4.5
Nilai Posttest Kelas Eksperimen ............................................................... 73
4.6
Rekapitulasi Nilai Pretest Kelas Eksperimen ........................................... 71
4.7
Indeks Gain antara Pretest dan Posttest ..................................................... 114
4.8
Rekapitulasi Indeks Gain antara Pretest dan Posttest ............................... 115
4.9
Realibilitas Pretest ..................................................................................... 116
4.10 Realibilitas Posttest .................................................................................... 116
4.11 Uji Normalitas Pretest-Posttest ................................................................ 117
4.12 Hasil Uji Homogenitas ............................................................................... 118
4.13 Hasil Uji t Kemampuan Menulis Cerpen ................................................... 119
Muhamad Zainal Arifin, 2016
PENERAPAN TEKNIK SILANG CERITA KISAH QURANI DALAM MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN
MENULIS CERPEN
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
DAFTAR GAMBAR
4.1
Cerpen Karya Siswa pada Treatment Ketiga ............................................ 65
4.2
Hasil Pretes Nilai Cerpen Kategori Rendah ............................................ 75
4.3
Hasil Pretes Nilai Cerpen Kategori Sedang ............................................. 81
4.4
Hasil Pretes Nilai Cerpen Kategori Tinggi .............................................. 88
4.5
Hasil Posttest Nilai Cerpen Kategori Rendah .......................................... 95
4.6
Hasil Posttest Nilai Cerpen Kategori Sedang .......................................... 101
4.7
Hasil Posttest Nilai Cerpen Kategori Tinggi ........................................... 107
4.8
Perbedaan Nilai Individu Pretest ke Posttes ............................................ 121
Muhamad Zainal Arifin, 2016
PENERAPAN TEKNIK SILANG CERITA KISAH QURANI DALAM MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN
MENULIS CERPEN
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
DAFTAR GRAFIK
4.1
Grafik Nilai Pretest Kelas Eksperimen .................................................... 72
4.2
Grafik Nilai Posttest Kelas Eksperimen ................................................... 74
4.3
Grafik Nilai Indeks antara Pretest & Posttest Kelas Eksperimen ............ 107
4.4
Peningkatan Nilai Hasil Rata-Rata Pretest dan Posttest ........................... 123
Muhamad Zainal Arifin, 2016
PENERAPAN TEKNIK SILANG CERITA KISAH QURANI DALAM MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN
MENULIS CERPEN
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
Lampiran 1
SK Penelitian
Surat Permohonan Izin Penelitian
Surat Keterangan Penelitian dari MA Al-Inayah Bandung
Lampiran 2
Hasil Pretes & Posttest Menulis Cerpen
RPP Treatment 1-3
Daftar Siswa
Lampiran 3
Hasil Observasi Pembelajaran
Pedoman Penilaian
Penilaian Kemampuan Menulis Cerpen
Lampiran 4
Dokumentasi
Muhamad Zainal Arifin, 2016
PENERAPAN TEKNIK SILANG CERITA KISAH QURANI DALAM MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN
MENULIS CERPEN
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN .............................................................................
i
LEMBAR HAK CIPTA ................................................................................... ii
LEMBAR PERNYATAAN ............................................................................. iii
LEMBAR PERSEMBAHAN .......................................................................... iv
KATA PENGANTAR ......................................................................................
v
UCAPAN TERIMAKASIH ............................................................................. vi
ABSTRAK ........................................................................................................ viii
ABSTRACT ...................................................................................................... ix
DAFTAR ISI .....................................................................................................
x
DAFTAR TABEL ............................................................................................ xiv
DAFTAR GAMBAR ........................................................................................ xv
DAFTAR GRAFIK .......................................................................................... xvi
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN .................................................................................... xvii
BAB I PENDAHULUAN
A. Latar Belakang Masalah Penelitian ..............................................................
1
B. Rumusan Masalah Penelitian .......................................................................
4
C. Tujuan Penelitian .........................................................................................
4
D. Manfaat Penelitian .......................................................................................
5
E. Struktur Organigram Penelitian ...................................................................
5
BAB II KAJIAN PUSTAKA
A. Menulis Cerpen ............................................................................................
8
1. Pengertian Cerpen ..................................................................................
8
2. Unsur-Unsur Pembentuk Cerpen ...........................................................
9
3. Pembelajaran Menulis Cerpen ................................................................ 15
4. Tahapan Menulis Cerpen ....................................................................... 16
B. Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif & Teknik Silang Cerita Kisah Qurani ..... 18
1. Pembelajaran Kooperatif ........................................................................ 18
a. Pengertian Pembelajaran Kooperatif ................................................ 18
b. Karakteristik dan Prinsip Pembelajaran Kooperatif Learning ......... 20
Muhamad Zainal Arifin, 2016
PENERAPAN TEKNIK SILANG CERITA KISAH QURANI DALAM MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN
MENULIS CERPEN
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
c. Tujuan Pembelajaran Kooperatif ..................................................... 21
d. Kelebihan dan Kekurangan Pembelajaran Kooperatif ..................... 21
2. Teknik Silang Cerita Kisah Qurani ........................................................ 22
a. Pengertian Teknik Silang Cerita Kisah Qurani ............................... 22
b. Langkah-Langkah Penerapan Teknik Silang cerita Kisah Qurani ... 23
C. Alquran dan Kisah ........................................................................................ 24
D. Penelitian Relevan ........................................................................................ 26
BAB III METODE PENELITIAN
A. Metode Penelitian ......................................................................................... 28
B. Desain Penelitian .......................................................................................... 29
C. Populasi dan Sampel .................................................................................... 29
1. Populasi Penelitian ................................................................................. 29
2. Sampel Penelitian ................................................................................... 30
D. Teknik Pengumpulan Data ........................................................................... 30
1. Tes .......................................................................................................... 30
2. Observasi ................................................................................................ 31
E. Instrumen Penelitian ..................................................................................... 31
1. Instrumen Pengumpulan Data ................................................................ 31
a. Kriteria Penilaian Penulisan Cerpen ................................................ 33
b. Format Penilaian .............................................................................. 36
c. Kategori Pemerolehan Skor ............................................................. 36
d. Lembar Observasi Aktivitas Guru ................................................... 37
e. Lembar Observasi Aktivitas Siswa .................................................. 38
2. Instrumen Perlakuan ............................................................................... 39
a. Tahap Perencanaan ........................................................................... 39
b. Tahapan Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran ................................................ 51
F. Teknik Pengolahan Data .............................................................................. 52
1. Pengolahan Data Kualitatif .................................................................... 52
2. Pengolahan Data Kuantitatif .................................................................. 53
a. Menilai hasil prates dan pascates ..................................................... 53
b. Uji Reliabilitas Antarpenimbang ...................................................... 53
c. Mencari Indeks Gain ........................................................................ 55
Muhamad Zainal Arifin, 2016
PENERAPAN TEKNIK SILANG CERITA KISAH QURANI DALAM MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN
MENULIS CERPEN
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
d. Uji Normalitas .................................................................................. 55
e. Uji Homogenitas .............................................................................. 56
f. Uji Hipotesis .................................................................................... 57
BAB IV HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN
A. Deskripsi Proses Penelitian .......................................................................... 58
a. Pelaksanaan Pretest ................................................................................ 58
b. Pelaksanaan Treatment ........................................................................... 58
c. Pelaksanaan Posttest .............................................................................. 67
d. Hasil Penilaian Observer ........................................................................ 67
B. Deskripsi Data Hasil Penelitian ................................................................... 70
1. Hasil Pretest ........................................................................................... 71
2. Hasil Posttest .......................................................................................... 73
C. Analisis Cerpen Karya Siswa Berdasarkan Kriteria Penilaian .................... 75
1. Analisis Hasil Pretest ............................................................................. 75
a. Nilai Kategori Rendah ...................................................................... 72
b. Nilai Kategori Sedang ...................................................................... 81
c. Nilai Kategori Tinggi ....................................................................... 88
2. Analisis Hasil Posttest ........................................................................... 95
a. Nilai Kategori Rendah ...................................................................... 95
b. Nilai Kategori Sedang ...................................................................... 101
c. Nilai Kategori Tinggi ....................................................................... 107
D. Pengolahan Data Secara Statistika ............................................................... 114
1. Mencari Indek Gain ................................................................................ 114
2. Uji Reliabilitas ....................................................................................... 116
3. Uji Normalitas ........................................................................................ 117
4. Uji Homogenitas .................................................................................... 118
5. Uji Hipotesis .......................................................................................... 111
E. Pembahasan Hasil Penelitian ....................................................................... 119
Muhamad Zainal Arifin, 2016
PENERAPAN TEKNIK SILANG CERITA KISAH QURANI DALAM MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN
MENULIS CERPEN
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
BAB V KESIMPULAN, IMPLIKASI, DAN REKOMENDASI
A. Simpulan ..................................................................................................... 125
B. Implikasi ....................................................................................................... 126
C. Rekomendasi ................................................................................................ 127
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ....................................................................................... 128
LAMPIRAN ...................................................................................................... 131
RIWAYAT HIDUP
Muhamad Zainal Arifin, 2016
PENERAPAN TEKNIK SILANG CERITA KISAH QURANI DALAM MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN
MENULIS CERPEN
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
DAFTAR TABEL
2.1
Hasil Penelitian yang Relevan .................................................................. 27
3.1
Desain Penelitian One Group Pretes-Posttest Design .............................. 29
3.2
Sampel Penelitian ..................................................................................... 30
3.3
Instrumen Prates dan Pascates .................................................................. 32
3.4
Kriteria Penilaian Menulis Cerpen ........................................................... 34
3.5
Format Penilaian ....................................................................................... 36
3.6
Penilaian Cerpen Berdasarkan Pemerolehan Skor ................................... 36
3.7
Format Lembar Observasi Aktivitas Guru ............................................... 37
3.8
Lembar Observasi Aktivitas Siswa ........................................................... 38
3.9
Format ANAVA ........................................................................................ 54
3.10 Tabel Guiltford .......................................................................................... 54
3.11 Kategori Indeks Gain ................................................................................ 54
4.1
Skor Hasil Observasi Aktivitas Guru ......................................................... 67
4.2
Skor Hasil Observasi Aktivitas Siswa ....................................................... 69
4.3
Nilai Pretest Kelas Eksperimen ................................................................ 71
4.4
Rekapitulasi Nilai Pretest Kelas Eksperimen ........................................... 72
4.5
Nilai Posttest Kelas Eksperimen ............................................................... 73
4.6
Rekapitulasi Nilai Pretest Kelas Eksperimen ........................................... 71
4.7
Indeks Gain antara Pretest dan Posttest ..................................................... 114
4.8
Rekapitulasi Indeks Gain antara Pretest dan Posttest ............................... 115
4.9
Realibilitas Pretest ..................................................................................... 116
4.10 Realibilitas Posttest .................................................................................... 116
4.11 Uji Normalitas Pretest-Posttest ................................................................ 117
4.12 Hasil Uji Homogenitas ............................................................................... 118
4.13 Hasil Uji t Kemampuan Menulis Cerpen ................................................... 119
Muhamad Zainal Arifin, 2016
PENERAPAN TEKNIK SILANG CERITA KISAH QURANI DALAM MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN
MENULIS CERPEN
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
DAFTAR GAMBAR
4.1
Cerpen Karya Siswa pada Treatment Ketiga ............................................ 65
4.2
Hasil Pretes Nilai Cerpen Kategori Rendah ............................................ 75
4.3
Hasil Pretes Nilai Cerpen Kategori Sedang ............................................. 81
4.4
Hasil Pretes Nilai Cerpen Kategori Tinggi .............................................. 88
4.5
Hasil Posttest Nilai Cerpen Kategori Rendah .......................................... 95
4.6
Hasil Posttest Nilai Cerpen Kategori Sedang .......................................... 101
4.7
Hasil Posttest Nilai Cerpen Kategori Tinggi ........................................... 107
4.8
Perbedaan Nilai Individu Pretest ke Posttes ............................................ 121
Muhamad Zainal Arifin, 2016
PENERAPAN TEKNIK SILANG CERITA KISAH QURANI DALAM MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN
MENULIS CERPEN
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
DAFTAR GRAFIK
4.1
Grafik Nilai Pretest Kelas Eksperimen .................................................... 72
4.2
Grafik Nilai Posttest Kelas Eksperimen ................................................... 74
4.3
Grafik Nilai Indeks antara Pretest & Posttest Kelas Eksperimen ............ 107
4.4
Peningkatan Nilai Hasil Rata-Rata Pretest dan Posttest ........................... 123
Muhamad Zainal Arifin, 2016
PENERAPAN TEKNIK SILANG CERITA KISAH QURANI DALAM MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN
MENULIS CERPEN
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
Lampiran 1
SK Penelitian
Surat Permohonan Izin Penelitian
Surat Keterangan Penelitian dari MA Al-Inayah Bandung
Lampiran 2
Hasil Pretes & Posttest Menulis Cerpen
RPP Treatment 1-3
Daftar Siswa
Lampiran 3
Hasil Observasi Pembelajaran
Pedoman Penilaian
Penilaian Kemampuan Menulis Cerpen
Lampiran 4
Dokumentasi
Muhamad Zainal Arifin, 2016
PENERAPAN TEKNIK SILANG CERITA KISAH QURANI DALAM MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN
MENULIS CERPEN
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu