LANDASAN TEORI DAN PROGRAM STUDIO ANIMASI DAN KOMIK DI SEMARANG

  

PROJEK AKHIR ARSITEKTUR

Periode LXXIII, Semester Genap, Tahun 2017/2018

LANDASAN TEORI DAN PROGRAM

STUDIO ANIMASI DAN KOMIK DI SEMARANG

  

Tema Desain

  Arsitektur Pendekatan Semiotika

  

Fokus Kajian

  Kenyamanan Visual dan Akustik BangunanTerkait Studio Pada Ruang Khusus

  

Diajukan untuk memenuhi sebagian persyaratan

memperoleh gelar Sarjana Arsitektur

Disusun oleh:

  Akbar Ali Abdul Fatah Ammar Tanjung 13.11.0128

  

Dosen Pembimbing:

Ir. CH. Koesmartadi, MT

  

PROGRAM STUDI ARSITEKTUR

FAKULTAS ARSITEKTUR DAN DESAIN

UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK SOEGIJAPRANATA

Februari 2018

  

PRAKATA

  PRAKARTA

  Puji dan syukur penulis ucapakan ke hadirat Tuhan Yang Maha Esa atas rahmatnya sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan proposal proyek akhir arsitektur yang berjudul Museum Kopi di Kabupaten Semarang ini dengan baik.

  Tidak lupa juga penulis ucapakan terimakasih kepada:

  1. Ibu Dra. B. Tyas Susanti MA. PhD., selaku Dekan Fakutas Arsitektur dan Desain.

  2. Ibu MD. Nestri Kiswari, ST. MSc., selaku Ketua Jurusan Program Studi Arsitektur.

  3. Bapak Ir. Fx. Bambang Suskiyatno MT. selaku Dosen Koordinator Projek Akhir Arsitektur 73.

  4. Bapak Ir. CH. Koesmartadi, MT. selaku dosen pembimbing yang telah memberikan kritik, saran, dan masukan selama proses pembutaan hingga penyelesain proposal ini.

  5. Semua pihak yang tidak dapat disebutkan satu persatu.

  Akhir kata, penulis berharap semoga proposal ini dapat bermanfaat sebagaimana mestinya, Amin.

  Semarang, 13 Maret 2018 Penulis

  DAFTAR ISI HALAMAN JUDUL HALAMAN PENGESAHAN PRAKATA ......................................................................................................................... i HALAMAN PENGESAHAN .............................................................................................. ii

  BAB I PENDAHULUAN ................................................................................................. 1

  1.1 Latar Belakang Project ................................................................................. 1

  1.2 Tujuan dan Sasaran Pembahasan ............................................................... 7

  1.2.1 Tujuan ............................................................................................... 7

  1.2.2 Sasaran ............................................................................................. 7

  1.3 Lingkup Pembahasan ................................................................................... 8

  1.4 Metode Pembahasan .................................................................................... 8

  1.5 Sistematika Pembahasan ............................................................................. 11

  1.6 Kerangka Pola Pikir ...................................................................................... 13

  

BAB II TINJAUAN PROJEK ........................................................................................... 14

  2.1 Tinjauan Umum ............................................................................................ 14

  2.1.1 Gambaran Umum .............................................................................. 14

  2.1.2 Latar Belakang-Perkembangan-Tren ................................................ 15

  2.1.3 Sasaran yang ingin dicapai ............................................................... 19

  2.2 Tinjauan Khusus ........................................................................................... 20

  2.2.1 Terminologi ....................................................................................... 20

  2.2.2 Kegiatan ............................................................................................ 35

  2.2.3 Spesifikasi dan Persyaratan Desain .................................................. 47

  2.2.4 Deskripsi Konteks Desa/Kota ............................................................ 50

  2.2.5 Studi Banding Komperasi Projek Sejenis .......................................... 56

  2.2.6 Permasalahan Desain ....................................................................... 60

  2.3 Kesimpulan-Batasan-Anggapan ................................................................... 61

  2.3.1 Kesimpulan ....................................................................................... 61

  2.3.2 Batasan ............................................................................................. 62

  2.3.3 Anggapan .......................................................................................... 63

  

BAB III ANALISA PENDEKATAN PROGRAM ARSITEKTUR ...................................... 64

  3.1 Analisa Pendekatan Arsitektur ...................................................................... 64

  3.1.1 Studi Aktivitas-Pola Kegiatan-Sifat Kegiatan ..................................... 64

  3.1.2 Studi Fasilitas .................................................................................... 75

  3.2 Sistem Pendekatan Bangunan ..................................................................... 101

  3.2.1 Studi Sistem Struktur dan Pelingkup ................................................. 101

  3.2.2 Studi Sistem Utilitas .......................................................................... 115

  3.3 Analisa Pendekatan Konteks Lingkungan .................................................... 126

  3.3.1 Studi Sistem Struktur dan Pelingkup ................................................. 126

  3.3.2 Studi Sistem Utilitas .......................................................................... 128

  

BAB IV PROGRAM ARSITEKTUR ................................................................................ 134

  4.1 Konsep Program ........................................................................................... 134

  4.1.1 Aspek Citra Arsitektur ........................................................................ 134

  4.1.2 Aspek Fungsi .................................................................................... 139

  4.1.3 Aspek Teknologi ................................................................................ 141

  4.2 Tujuan, Faktor Penentu dan Faktor Persyaratan Perancangan .................... 141

  4.2.1 Tujuan Perancangan ......................................................................... 142

  4.2.2 Faktor Penentu Perancangan ........................................................... 142

  4.2.3 Faktor Persyaratan Perancangan ..................................................... 143

  4.3 Program Arsitektur ........................................................................................ 144

  4.3.1 Program Kegiatan ............................................................................. 144

  4.3.2 Program Sistem Struktur ................................................................... 153

  4.3.3 Program Sistem Utilitas ..................................................................... 155

  4.3.4 Program Sistem Utilitas ..................................................................... 163

  

BAB V KAJIAN TEORI ................................................................................................... 169

  5.1 Kajian Teori Penekanan/Tema Desain ......................................................... 169

  5.1.1 Uraian Interprestasi dan Elaborasi .................................................... 169

  5.1.2 Studi Preseden .................................................................................. 173

  5.1.3 Penerapan Teori Pada Desain .......................................................... 178

  5.2 Kajian Permasalahan Dominan .................................................................... 178

  5.2.1 Uraian Interprestasi dan Elaborasi .................................................... 178

  5.2.2 Studi Preseden .................................................................................. 185

  5.2.3 Penerapan Teori Pada Desain .......................................................... 187

  

DAFTAR PUSTAKA ......................................................................................................... 193

LAMPIRAN ....................................................................................................................... 196

  DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 2.1 Karya Komik Indonesia ................................................................... 17Gambar 2.2 Karya Animasi Indonesia ................................................................ 17Gambar 2.3 Studio Pengerjaan Animasi ............................................................. 20Gambar 2.4 Studio Pengerjaan Komik ............................................................... 21Gambar 2.5 Contoh Animasi Cell ....................................................................... 23Gambar 2.6 Contoh Animasi Frame ................................................................... 24Gambar 2.7 Contoh Animasi Sprite .................................................................... 24Gambar 2.8 Contoh Animasi Path ...................................................................... 25Gambar 2.9 Contoh Animasi Spline .................................................................... 26Gambar 2.10 Contoh Animasi Vector ................................................................... 26Gambar 2.11 Contoh Animasi Clay ...................................................................... 27Gambar 2.12 Contoh Animasi Morphing ............................................................... 28Gambar 2.13 Contoh Animasi Digital .................................................................... 29Gambar 2.14 Contoh Animasi Karakter ................................................................ 30Gambar 2.15 Contoh Komik Strip ......................................................................... 32Gambar 2.16 Contoh Komik Buku ........................................................................ 33Gambar 2.17 Contoh Komik Humor dan Petualangan .......................................... 34Gambar 2.18 Contoh Komik Biografi dan Ilmiah ................................................... 34Gambar 2.19 Perpustakaan Galeri Seni ............................................................... 43Gambar 2.20 Standar Ruang Perpustakaan ......................................................... 43Gambar 2.21 Standar Ruang Perpustakaan ......................................................... 43Gambar 2.22 Desain Meja Cafe ........................................................................... 44Gambar 2.23 Peta Provinsi Jawa Tengah ............................................................ 52Gambar 2.24 Peta Kabupaten Semarang ............................................................. 52Gambar 2.25 Peta Kecamatan Ungaran timur ...................................................... 53Gambar 2.26 Peta Kecamatan Banyumanik......................................................... 54Gambar 2.27 Studio Pengunjung ......................................................................... 56Gambar 2.28 Ruang Teater Animasi .................................................................... 57Gambar 2.29 Ruang Pengerjaan animasi ............................................................. 57Gambar 2.30 Ruang Pengerjaan Komik ............................................................... 58Gambar 2.31 Ruang Rapat Diskusi ...................................................................... 59Gambar 2.32 Ruang Sketsa dan Pewarnaan ....................................................... 59Gambar 3.1 Studi Ruang Studio Gambar ........................................................... 76Gambar 3.2 Studi Ruang Rekaman dan Sound Effect Edit ................................ 77Gambar 3.3 Studi Ruang Story Board Artist ....................................................... 78Gambar 3.4 Bangunan frank lloyd wright,church at madison ............................. 98Gambar 3.5 Sketsa Nusantara ........................................................................... 99Gambar 3.6 Contoh Suasana Interior ................................................................. 100Gambar 3.7 Contoh Suasana Interior ................................................................. 100Gambar 3.8 Struktur Rangka .............................................................................. 101Gambar 3.9 Struktur Plat Sejajar ........................................................................ 102Gambar 3.10 Struktur Dinding Masif..................................................................... 102Gambar 3.11 Pondasi Batu Belah ........................................................................ 103Gambar 3.12 Pondasi Footplate ........................................................................... 104Gambar 3.13 Pondasi Strauus Pile ...................................................................... 104Gambar 3.14 Struktur Baja Konvensional ............................................................. 105Gambar 3.15 Struktur Baja Ringan ....................................................................... 105Gambar 3.16 Struktur Beton Bertulang................................................................. 106Gambar 3.17 Keramik........................................................................................... 107Gambar 3.18 Kayu Parquet .................................................................................. 108Gambar 3.19 Beton Ekspos .................................................................................. 108Gambar 3.20 Batu Bata ........................................................................................ 109Gambar 3.21 Batu Alam ....................................................................................... 109Gambar 3.22 Kalsi Board ..................................................................................... 110Gambar 3.23 Partisi Kaca ..................................................................................... 110Gambar 3.24 Dinding Kayu .................................................................................. 111Gambar 3.25 Plafon Kalsi Board .......................................................................... 111Gambar 3.26 Plafon Gypsum Board ..................................................................... 112Gambar 3.27 Plafon Kayu .................................................................................... 113Gambar 3.28 Genteng Tanah Liat ........................................................................ 113Gambar 3.29 Dak Beton ....................................................................................... 114Gambar 3.30 Kaca Tempered .............................................................................. 114Gambar 3.31 Atap Bitumen .................................................................................. 115Gambar 3.32 Pencahayaan Buatan ..................................................................... 116Gambar 3.33 Sistem Up-feed ............................................................................... 117Gambar 3.34 Sistem Down-feed .......................................................................... 118Gambar 3.35 Exhaust Fan .................................................................................... 119Gambar 3.36 AC Split ........................................................................................... 120Gambar 3.37 Sistem Distribusi Listrik ................................................................... 121Gambar 3.38 Sistem Penangkal Petir .................................................................. 123Gambar 3.39 Sistem Sprinkler .............................................................................. 123Gambar 3.40 Alat Foam Fire Extinguishers .......................................................... 124Gambar 3.41 Alat Hydran ..................................................................................... 125Gambar 3.42 CCTV .............................................................................................. 125Gambar 3.43 Peta Kabupaten Semarang ............................................................. 126Gambar 3.44 Peta Alternatif 1 .............................................................................. 130Gambar 3.45 Sekitar Tapak Alternatif 1 ............................................................... 131Gambar 3.46 Peta Alternatif 2 .............................................................................. 132Gambar 3.47 Sekitar Tapak Alternatif 2 ............................................................... 133Gambar 4.1 Kantor Arsitektur Han Awal ............................................................. 134Gambar 4.2 Ruang Kerja Kantor Arsitektur Han Awal ........................................ 135Gambar 4.3 Bhinika Tunggal Ika ........................................................................ 135Gambar 4.4 Contoh Ruang Santai...................................................................... 136Gambar 4.5 Contoh Ruang Studio Animasi ........................................................ 137Gambar 4.6 Contoh Ruang studio Komik ........................................................... 137Gambar 4.7 Contoh Ruang studio Pewarnaan ................................................... 138Gambar 4.8 Contoh Pengelolahan Landscape Studio ........................................ 139Gambar 4.9 Tabel Kapasitas cahaya buatan pada ruangan khusus .................. 156Gambar 4.10 Tabel bukaan jendela untuk cahaya buatan ................................... 157Gambar 4.11 Diagram Air Bersih .......................................................................... 158Gambar 4.12 Jaringan Limbah ............................................................................. 160Gambar 4.13 Pemilihan Tapak ............................................................................. 163Gambar 4.14 Pohon Rambutan ............................................................................ 165Gambar 4.15 Pohon Trembesi ............................................................................. 165Gambar 4.16 Pohon Tanjung ............................................................................... 166Gambar 4.17 Pohon Mangga ............................................................................... 166Gambar 4.18 Pohon Ketapang ............................................................................. 167Gambar 4.19 Pohon Akasia .................................................................................. 167Gambar 4.20 Perdu .............................................................................................. 167Gambar 4.21 Pohon Bambu ................................................................................. 168Gambar 4.22 Rumput Jepang .............................................................................. 168Gambar 4.23 Rumput Gajah ................................................................................. 168Gambar 5.1 Bangunan frank lloyd wright,church at madison ............................. 169Gambar 5.2 Ikon atau Simbol Nusantara............................................................ 170Gambar 5.3 Fasade Museum Tsunami Aceh ..................................................... 174Gambar 5.4 Fasade Museum Tsunami Aceh ..................................................... 175Gambar 5.5 Gambar Potongan Museum Tsunami Aceh .................................... 176Gambar 5.6 Gambar Tampak Museum Tsunami Aceh ...................................... 176Gambar 5.7 Interior Museum Tsunami Aceh ...................................................... 177Gambar 5.8 Akustik Memiliki 3 Elemen .............................................................. 179Gambar 5.9 Tabel Kapasitas Bunyi .................................................................... 182Gambar 5.10 Interior RUS Animation Studio,Kudus ............................................. 186Gambar 5.11 Denah Studi Ruang Rekaman ........................................................ 187Gambar 5.12 Tabel Bilangan NC .......................................................................... 188Gambar 5.13 Grafik Kriteria Bising Gedung Umum .............................................. 188Gambar 5.14 Studio Rekaman ............................................................................. 189Gambar 5.15 Tabel Transmission Loss of Construction ....................................... 190Gambar 5.16 Denah Ruang Story Board Artist ..................................................... 191Gambar 5.17 Ruang Story Board Artist ................................................................ 192

  DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 3.1 Kebutuhan Ruang Berdasarkan Pelaku dan Aktivitas ........................ 64Tabel 3.2 Persyaratan Ruang ............................................................................ 66Tabel 3.3 Waktu Oprasional Bangunan ............................................................. 73Tabel 3.4 Analisi Jumlah Pengelola ................................................................... 75Tabel 3.5 Analisis Ruang Khusus ...................................................................... 76Tabel 3.6 Studi Kebutuhan Ruang Khusus ........................................................ 79Tabel 3.7 Program Ruang Produksi Komik ........................................................ 84Tabel 3.8 Program Ruang Produksi Animasi ..................................................... 85Tabel 3.9 Program Ruang Pengelola ................................................................ 86Tabel 3.10 Program Ruang Ekshibisi .................................................................. 88Tabel 3.11 Program Ruang Penunjang ............................................................... 89Tabel 3.12 Program Ruang Lavatory ................................................................... 90Tabel 3.13 Program Utilitas dalam Gedung ......................................................... 91Tabel 3.14 Total Luas Bangunan ......................................................................... 92Tabel 3.15 Program ME dan Utilitas Luar Gedung .............................................. 93Tabel 3.16 Program Parkir ................................................................................... 95Tabel 3.17 Total Luas Lantai Dasar ..................................................................... 96Tabel 3.18 Studi Sistem Struktur ......................................................................... 101Tabel 3.19 Studi Sistem Pelingkup ...................................................................... 107Tabel 3.20 Matrik Penelian Tapak ....................................................................... 137Tabel 4.1 Program Ruang Produksi Komik ........................................................ 145Tabel 4.2 Program Ruang Produksi Animasi ..................................................... 146Tabel 4.3 Program Ruang Pengelola ................................................................ 147Tabel 4.4 Program Ruang Ekshibisi .................................................................. 148Tabel 4.5 Program Ruang Penunjang ............................................................... 148Tabel 4.6 Program Ruang Lavatory ................................................................... 149Tabel 4.7 Program Utilitas dalam Gedung ......................................................... 150Tabel 4.8 Total Luas Bangunan ......................................................................... 150Tabel 4.9 Program ME dan Utilitas Luar Gedung .............................................. 151Tabel 4.10 Program Parkir ................................................................................... 152Tabel 4.11 Total Luas Lantai Dasar ..................................................................... 152Tabel 4.12 Tabel Kapasitas cahaya buatan pada ruangan khusus ..................... 156Tabel 4.13 Program Utilitas dalam Gedung ......................................................... 96Tabel 4.14 Total Luas Bangunan ......................................................................... 97Tabel 4.15 Program ME dan Utilitas Luar Gedung .............................................. 98Tabel 4.16 Program Parkir ................................................................................... 100Tabel 4.17 Total Luas Lantai Dasar ..................................................................... 101Tabel 4.18 Studi Sistem Struktur ......................................................................... 106Tabel 4.19 Studi Sistem Pelingkup ...................................................................... 112Tabel 4.20 Matrik Penelian Tapak ....................................................................... 137Tabel 5.1 Serapan Bunyi ................................................................................... 183

  DAFTAR DIAGRAM

  Diagram 1.1 Presentase Umur Responsif ......................................................... 3 Diagram 1.2 Presentase Responsive Masih Membaca Komik .......................... 3 Diagram 1.3 Presentase Frekuensi Responsive yang Gemar Animasi ............. 4 Diagram 1.4 Rangka Metoda Perancangan ...................................................... 11 Diagram 1.5 Pola pikir ....................................................................................... 13 Diagram 2.1 Struktur Organisasi Studio Animasi dan Komik ............................. 35 Diagram 3.1 Analisis Pola Aktivitas Pengunjung ............................................... 68 Diagram 3.2 Analisis Pola Aktivitas Pengelola .................................................. 69 Diagram 3.3 Pola Hubungan Ruang Studio Animasi dan Komik ....................... 69 Diagram 3.5 Pola Hubungan Ruang Kerja dan Publik ....................................... 70 Diagram 3.6 Pola Hubungan Ruang Mikro ........................................................ 72