Staff Site Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta
Goals
Types of Group Goals
n
n
Goals can be session specific or germane to the entire group
process over time.
Goals can be group or individual. Usually the group sets goals and
these goals are met both on an individual level as well as on a
group level.
“Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2004”
Goals
Types of Group Goals
n
Goals will be specific to the type of group (e.g. psychoeducational,
task, counseling, psychotherapeutic as well as grief and loss,
remedial etc.)
n
Goals can be short-term, long-term or time limited.
n
Goals can also be determined by the theory used.
“Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2004”
Goals
Examples of Theory Based Goals
Psychoanalytic
n
n
n
n
The main goal is to gain insight and adaptation.
The goal is also to obtain deep and lasting changes in internal
object constellations.
It is important to free the individual from transference-bound
repetition.
The goal is also to free the person from psychological chains that
has bound the individual into a life of suffering and repetition.
“Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2004”
Goals
Examples of Theory Based Goals
Person-Centered
n
n
The goal is to provide an atmosphere of trust and respect so that
group members can feel free to express themselves.
The goal is to help group members become congruent and
genuine.
“Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2004”
Goals
Examples of Theory Based Goals
Cognitive-Behavioral
n
n
n
Goals are formed both individually upon intake and as a group
within the sessions.
The goals are operationally defined (made concrete and
measurable).
Goals might be issue specific (e.g., in an assertive training group
the goal might be to reach a certain score on a test that measures
assertiveness which indicates that group members or an individual
increased his or her ability to be assertive).
“Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2004”
Goals
Examples of Group Modality Based Goals
Self-Help Groups
n
n
The goal is to help group members resume adaptive functioning
and coping.
These goals will be issue specific such as:
; Alcoholics Anonymous: The goal is to help the alcoholic
retain sobriety by countering the assertiveness of
alcoholism by teaching surrender.
;
;
Recovery Inc: Goal is to promote willpower and a positive
self-image in people suffering from mental disorders.
Synnanon: Goal is to keep the addict drug free by
reversing the addict’s social and emotional detachments.
“Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2004”
Goals
Examples of Goals for Diverse Groups
n
n
n
n
Group goals take diversity issues into consideration.
Goals need to be consistent with the values and beliefs of the
cultural group of the members.
Group leaders can consult with cultural leaders to make sure group
goals are appropriate for the group.
Group leaders need to be cognizant of how they might positively or
negatively impact group goals within a cultural context.
“Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2004”
Goals
Group Goals in the Schools
Goals might be age specific:
Example: Middle School or Junior High
n
n
n
n
Goals are to help students work in cooperative learning groups.
Goals are to help students learn skills (e.g. problem solving,
communication, and build self-esteem.)
Goals can include helping the student test self-perceptions against
reality.
Goals can include helping students explore new behaviors.
“Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2004”
Goals
Group Goals in the Schools
Goals might be issue specific:
Example: Group Guidance Relating to Race and Ethnicity
n
Goals might include:
n
Helping students accept and appreciate differences in
others.
n
Helping students learn the appropriate terminology.
n
Helping students explore their biases.
n
Helping students learn about other cultures and ethnicities.
“Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2004”
Goals
The Group Counselor’s Role in Goal Setting
n
n
n
n
The counseling goals are a collaboration between counselor and
group members.
The counselor aids and guides members in choosing goals that are
both appropriate and obtainable.
Sometimes smaller sub-goals are needed to reach a larger goal.
If goals are set that are unobtainable it promotes failure. It is the
group counselor’s responsibility to ensure this does not happen.
“Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2004”
Types of Group Goals
n
n
Goals can be session specific or germane to the entire group
process over time.
Goals can be group or individual. Usually the group sets goals and
these goals are met both on an individual level as well as on a
group level.
“Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2004”
Goals
Types of Group Goals
n
Goals will be specific to the type of group (e.g. psychoeducational,
task, counseling, psychotherapeutic as well as grief and loss,
remedial etc.)
n
Goals can be short-term, long-term or time limited.
n
Goals can also be determined by the theory used.
“Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2004”
Goals
Examples of Theory Based Goals
Psychoanalytic
n
n
n
n
The main goal is to gain insight and adaptation.
The goal is also to obtain deep and lasting changes in internal
object constellations.
It is important to free the individual from transference-bound
repetition.
The goal is also to free the person from psychological chains that
has bound the individual into a life of suffering and repetition.
“Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2004”
Goals
Examples of Theory Based Goals
Person-Centered
n
n
The goal is to provide an atmosphere of trust and respect so that
group members can feel free to express themselves.
The goal is to help group members become congruent and
genuine.
“Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2004”
Goals
Examples of Theory Based Goals
Cognitive-Behavioral
n
n
n
Goals are formed both individually upon intake and as a group
within the sessions.
The goals are operationally defined (made concrete and
measurable).
Goals might be issue specific (e.g., in an assertive training group
the goal might be to reach a certain score on a test that measures
assertiveness which indicates that group members or an individual
increased his or her ability to be assertive).
“Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2004”
Goals
Examples of Group Modality Based Goals
Self-Help Groups
n
n
The goal is to help group members resume adaptive functioning
and coping.
These goals will be issue specific such as:
; Alcoholics Anonymous: The goal is to help the alcoholic
retain sobriety by countering the assertiveness of
alcoholism by teaching surrender.
;
;
Recovery Inc: Goal is to promote willpower and a positive
self-image in people suffering from mental disorders.
Synnanon: Goal is to keep the addict drug free by
reversing the addict’s social and emotional detachments.
“Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2004”
Goals
Examples of Goals for Diverse Groups
n
n
n
n
Group goals take diversity issues into consideration.
Goals need to be consistent with the values and beliefs of the
cultural group of the members.
Group leaders can consult with cultural leaders to make sure group
goals are appropriate for the group.
Group leaders need to be cognizant of how they might positively or
negatively impact group goals within a cultural context.
“Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2004”
Goals
Group Goals in the Schools
Goals might be age specific:
Example: Middle School or Junior High
n
n
n
n
Goals are to help students work in cooperative learning groups.
Goals are to help students learn skills (e.g. problem solving,
communication, and build self-esteem.)
Goals can include helping the student test self-perceptions against
reality.
Goals can include helping students explore new behaviors.
“Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2004”
Goals
Group Goals in the Schools
Goals might be issue specific:
Example: Group Guidance Relating to Race and Ethnicity
n
Goals might include:
n
Helping students accept and appreciate differences in
others.
n
Helping students learn the appropriate terminology.
n
Helping students explore their biases.
n
Helping students learn about other cultures and ethnicities.
“Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2004”
Goals
The Group Counselor’s Role in Goal Setting
n
n
n
n
The counseling goals are a collaboration between counselor and
group members.
The counselor aids and guides members in choosing goals that are
both appropriate and obtainable.
Sometimes smaller sub-goals are needed to reach a larger goal.
If goals are set that are unobtainable it promotes failure. It is the
group counselor’s responsibility to ensure this does not happen.
“Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2004”