Prof. Dr. Makruf Akbar
TEKNIK ANALISIS JALUR DAN TERAPANNYA
Maruf Akbar
PROGRAM PASCASARJANA UNIVERSITAS NEGERI
JAKARTA
2013
A. PENDAHULUAN
TUJUAN PENGGUNAAN ANALISIS JALUR (PATH ANALYSIS)
1.
ANALISIS JALUR MERUPAKAN SUATU CARA UNTUK
MEMPELAJARI PENGARUH-PENGARUH LANGSUNG DAN TIDAK
LANGSUNG SEJUMLAH VARIABEL YANG DIHIPOTESISKAN
SEBAGAI VARIABEL SEBAB TERHADAP VARIABEL AKIBAT
(As a method for studying the direct and indirect effects of variables
hypothesized as causes of variables treated as effects)
( Sewall Wright dikutip Elazar J. Pedhazur. Multiple Regression in
Behavioral Research. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1981,
p. 580)
2.
As was noted above, path analysis is not a method for discovering
causes, but a method applied to a causal model formulated by the
researcher on the basis of knowledge and theoretical consideration.
(Elazar J. Pedhazur. Multiple Regression in Behavioral Research.
New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1981, p. 580)
TAMBAHAN
1. Relasi kausal antar variabel dalam model
polanya atas dasar kajian sejumlah
teoretik
2. Relasi kausal antar variabel: pengaruh
langsung, tidak langsung, dan total
3. Relasi bersifat linear dan aditif
4. Relasi bersifat rekursif
5. Tipe variabel dalam model jalur: eksogen
dan endogen
Lanjutan tambahan
6. Skala data minimal interval
7. Model tersusun dalam pola yang utuh
menunjukkan esensi keilmuan peneliti
8. Model tersusun dalam pola yang
berkaitan dengan variabel yang menjadi
masalah utama penelitian
9. Model tersusun dengan pilihan-pilihan
variabel ada yang baru (menghindari
duplikasi)
Lanjutan tambahan
10. Model jalur memberikan kontribusi hasil
riset: a.penjelasan(explanasi), b. kontrol,
c. Prediktor
11. Model tidak mengandung relasi antar
sejumlah variabel bentuk loop
12. Pengukuran variabel-variabel dalam
model hanya memiliki satu unit analisis
13. Susunan variabel dalam model memiliki
causal order atas dasar kajian teoretik
CONTOH MODEL PATH
CONTOH
MASALAH
VARIABEL
VARIABEL
PENYEBAB
TUJUAN PENELITIAN
PENELITIAN KAUSAL
KINERJA
DASAR TEORI
Joint Effects of Goals and Self-Efficacy on performance
(Stephen P. Robbins, and Timothy A. Judge. Organizational Behavior. New
Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2007, p. 181)
Individuals has
confidence that
given level of
performance will be
attained
(self-efficacy)
Individuals has
higher level of
job or task
performance
Managers sets
difficult, specific goals
for job or task
Individuals sets
higher personal
(self-set) goal
for their
performance
CONTOH MODEL TEORETIK PENELITIAN
X2
SELF-EFFICACY
X1
Y
KOMUNIKASI
INTERPERSONAL
KINERJA
UPAYA
KERJA
(SELF-SET)
X3
ALTERNATIF LAIN MEMBANGUN MODEL TEORETIK PENELITIAN
TEORI
SUMBER
DESKRIPSI
TEORETIK
VARIABELVARIABEL
PENGARUH
(DE, IE, TE)
PLACEMENT OF THE THEORY
IN QUANTITATIVE STUDIES ONE USES THEORY DEDUCTIVELY AND PLACES
IT TOWARD THE BEGINNING OF THE PLAN FOR A STUDY.
IN QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH THE OBJECTIVE IS TO TEST OR VERIFY A
THEORY, RATHER THAN TO DEVELOP IT
(JOHN W. CRESWELL. RESEARCH DESIGN QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE
APPROACHES. NEW DEHLI: SAGE PUBLICATIONS, 1994, p.87)
Researcher Test a Theory
Researcher Test Hypotheses or Research
Questions Derived from the Theory
Researcher Operationalizes Concepts
Or Variables Derived from the Theory
Researcher Uses an Instrument
to Measure Variables in the Theory
HUBUNGAN ANTAR VARIABEL
1.
KORELASI
X
2.
Y
KAUSAL
X
3.
Y
TIMBAL BALIK (RECIPROCAL)
X
4.
Y
Z
SPURIOUS
X
5.
Y
PENGARUH LANGSUNG DAN TIDAK LANGSUNG
Y
X1
X2
B. CONTOH ANALISIS
MASALAH PENELITIAN
1. Apakah ada pengaruh langsung komunikasi interpersonal terhadap
self-efficay?
2. Apakah ada pengaruh langsung komunikasi interpersonal terhadap
upaya kerja?
3. Apakah ada pengaruh langsung self-efficay terhadap upaya kerja?
4. Apakah ada pengaruh langsung self-efficacy terhadap kinerja?
5. Apakah ada pengaruh langsung upaya kerja terhadap kinerja?
HIPOTESIS STATISTIK
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Ho. :
Hi. :
Ho. :
Hi. :
Ho. :
Hi. :
Ho. :
Hi. :
Ho. :
Hi. :
β21 ≤ 0
β21 > 0
β31 ≤ 0
β31 > 0
β32 ≤ 0
β32 > 0
βy2 ≤ 0
βy2 > 0
βy3 ≤ 0
βy3 > 0
PILIHAN ANALISIS (SOFTWARE PROGRAM)
1.
2.
SPSS
LISREL
PILIHAN 1
TAHAPAN:
1. SAJIAN DATA SAMPEL
2. SAJIAN PENGUJIAN PERSYARATAN ANALISIS DATA
a. Uji Normalitas Data Galat Taksiran
b. Uji Linearitas Regresi
3. Menhitung Koefisien Jalur (Data sampel)
a. Manual
b. Program
4. MENCARI DAN MENGUJI SIGNIFIKANSI KOEFISIEN JALUR
5. MENCARI BESARAN PENGARUH LANGSUNG, TIDAK LANGSUNG
DAN PENGARUH TOTAL
6. PENAFSIRAN
PROSEDUR
1.
MEMBUAT PERSAMAAN STRUKTURAL
ε2
X2
ε4
SELF-EFFICACY
X1
p42
p21
p32
KINERJA
KOMUNIKASI
INTERPERSONAL
p31
ε3
p43
UPAYA
KERJA
(SELF-SET)
X3
X4
PERSAMAAN STRUKTURAL
1.
KOMUNIKASI
INTERPERSONAL
p21
SELF-EFFICACY
X1
X2 = p21X1 + ε2
X2
ε2
2.
X2
KOMUNIKASI
INTERPERSONAL
SELF-EFFICACY
p32
X1
p31
ε3
UPAYA
KERJA
(SELF-SET)
X3 = p31X1 + p32X2 + ε3
X3
LANJUTAN …
3.
y = py2 X2 + py3 X3 + ε4
ε4
X2
SELF-EFFICACY
py2
KINERJA
X3
UPAYA
KERJA
(SELF-SET)
py3
MENGHITUNG KOEFISIEN KORELASI ANTAR VARIABEL
Correlations
Komunikasi Interpersonal
Self-Efficacy
Upaya Kerja
Kinerja
Pearson Correlation
Sig. (1-tailed)
N
Pearson Correlation
Sig. (1-tailed)
N
Pearson Correlation
Sig. (1-tailed)
N
Pearson Correlation
Sig. (1-tailed)
N
Komunikasi
Interpersonal Self-Efficacy Upaya Kerja
Kinerja
1
.719**
.726**
.814**
.
.000
.000
.000
50
50
50
50
.719**
1
.689**
.808**
.000
.
.000
.000
50
50
50
50
.726**
.689**
1
.771**
.000
.000
.
.000
50
50
50
50
.814**
.808**
.771**
1
.000
.000
.000
.
50
50
50
50
**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (1-tailed).
MENGHITUNG KOEFISIEN JALUR
1.
X2 = p21X1 + ε2
Coefficientsa
Model
1
(Constant)
Komunikasi Interpersonal
Unstandardized
Coefficients
B
Std. Error
14.894
3.830
.667
.093
Standardized
Coefficients
Beta
.719
t
3.889
7.174
Sig.
.000
.000
a. Dependent Variable: Self-Efficacy
p21 = 0, 719
(nilai t = 7.174 dan nilai probabilitas (Sig.)=0.000)
t = r √ (n-2)/(1 – r2)
= 0,719 √ (50-2)/(1-0,52) = 7.17
t tabel = (0.05, dk= n-2) = 1,67
LANJUTAN
2. X3 = p31X1 + p32X2 + ε3
Coefficientsa
Model
1
(Constant)
Komunikasi Interpersonal
Self-Efficacy
Unstandardized
Coefficients
B
Std. Error
10.946
3.982
.429
.121
.334
.131
Standardized
Coefficients
Beta
.478
.345
t
2.749
3.533
2.555
Sig.
.008
.001
.014
a. Dependent Variable: Upaya Kerja
p31 = 0, 478
p32 = 0, 345
(nilai t = 3.533 dan nilai probabilitas (Sig.)=0.001)
(nilai t = 2.555 dan nilai probabilitas (Sig.)=0.014)
LANJUTAN
Menghitung nilai t
Model Summary
Model
1
R
R Square
.765a
.585
Adjusted
R Square
.568
Std. Error of
the Estimate
5.69430
a. Predictors: (Constant), Self-Efficacy, Komunikasi
Interpersonal
1 0.719
0.719
1
1
2.07 1.488
1.488
2.07
t1 = p31 / √ (1- R2) C11/(n-k-1) =0.478/ √ (1-0.585)(2.07)/(50-2-1) = 3,536
t tabel = (0.05, dk=47) = 1.684
t2 = p32 / √ (1- R2) C11/(n-k-1) =0.345/ √ (1-0.585)(2.07)/(50-2-1) = 2,552
t tabel = (0.05, dk=47) = 1.684
LANJUTAN
3. y = py2 X2 + py3 X3 + ε4
Coefficientsa
Model
1
(Constant)
Self-Efficacy
Upaya Kerja
Unstandardized
Coefficients
B
Std. Error
1.457
4.301
.645
.126
.517
.130
Standardized
Coefficients
Beta
.526
.408
t
.339
5.125
3.975
Sig.
.736
.000
.000
a. Dependent Variable: Kinerja
py2 = 0, 526
py3 = 0, 408
(nilai t = 5.125 dan nilai probabilitas (Sig.)=0.000)
(nilai t = 3.975 dan nilai probabilitas (Sig.)=0.000)
LANJUTAN
Menghitung nilai t
Model Summary
Model
1
R
R Square
.860a
.740
Adjusted
R Square
.729
Std. Error of
the Estimate
5.71003
a. Predictors: (Constant), Upaya Kerja, Self-Efficacy
1
0.689
0.689
1
1
1.904 1.312
1.312 1.904
t1 = p42 / √ (1- R2) C11/(n-k-1) =0.526/ √ (1-0.740)(1.904)/(50-2-1) = 5,125
t tabel = (0.05, dk=47) = 1.684
t2 = p43 / √ (1- R2) C11/(n-k-1) =0.408/ √ (1-0.740)(1.904)/(50-2-1) = 3,975
t tabel = (0.05, dk=47) = 1.684
UJI HIPOTESIS
1.
Ho. : β 21 ≤ 0
Hi. : β 21 > 0
Coefficientsa
Model
1
(Constant)
Komunikasi Interpersonal
Unstandardized
Coefficients
B
Std. Error
14.894
3.830
.667
.093
Standardized
Coefficients
Beta
.719
t
3.889
7.174
Sig.
.000
.000
a. Dependent Variable: Self-Efficacy
p21 = 0, 719 (nilai t = 7.174 dan nilai probabilitas (Sig.)=0.000)
t = r √ (n-2)/(1 – r2)
t tabel = (0.05, dk= n-2) = 1,6
= 0,719 √ (50-2)/(1-0,52) = 7.17
Kriteria Penolakan Ho.
1. α =0.05 > p (Sig) tolak Ho. dan α =0.05 < p (Sig) terima Ho
2. t hitung > t tabel, tolak Ho t hitung < t tabel terima Ho
Kesimpulan :
Tolak Ho, dengan demikian ada pengaruh langsung x1
terhadap x2
LANJUTAN
2.
Ho. : β 31 ≤ 0
Hi. : β 31 > 0
3.
Ho. : β 32 ≤ 0
Hi. : β 32 > 0
Coefficientsa
Model
1
(Constant)
Komunikasi Interpersonal
Self-Efficacy
Unstandardized
Coefficients
B
Std. Error
10.946
3.982
.429
.121
.334
.131
Standardized
Coefficients
Beta
.478
.345
t
2.749
3.533
2.555
Sig.
.008
.001
.014
a. Dependent Variable: Upaya Kerja
p31 = 0, 478 (nilai t = 3.533 dan nilai probabilitas (Sig.)=0.001)
p32 = 0, 345 (nilai t = 2.555 dan nilai probabilitas (Sig.)=0.014)
t1 = p31 / √ (1- R2) C11/(n-k-1) =0.478/ √ (1-0.585)(2.07)/(50-2-1) = 3,536
t tabel = (0.05, dk=47) = 1.684
t2 = p32 / √ (1- R2) C11/(n-k-1) =0.345/ √ (1-0.585)(2.07)/(50-2-1) = 2,552
t tabel = (0.05, dk=47) = 1.684
Kriteria Penolakan Ho.
1. α =0.05 > p (Sig) tolak Ho. dan α =0.05 < p (Sig) terima Ho
2. t hitung > t tabel, tolak Ho t hitung < t tabel terima Ho
Kesimpulan :
Tolak Ho, dengan demikian ada pengaruh langsung x1
terhadap x3. Dan Tolak Ho. Dengan demikian ada pengaruh langsung x2
terhadap x3
LANJUTAN
4.
Ho. : β y2 ≤ 0
Hi. : β y2 > 0
5.
Ho. : β y3 ≤ 0
Hi. : β y3 > 0
Coefficientsa
Model
1
(Constant)
Self-Efficacy
Upaya Kerja
Unstandardized
Coefficients
B
Std. Error
1.457
4.301
.645
.126
.517
.130
Standardized
Coefficients
Beta
.526
.408
t
.339
5.125
3.975
Sig.
.736
.000
.000
a. Dependent Variable: Kinerja
p42 = 0, 526 (nilai t = 5.125 dan nilai probabilitas (Sig.)=0.000)
p43 = 0, 408 (nilai t = 3.975 dan nilai probabilitas (Sig.)=0.000)
t1 = p42 / √ (1- R2) C11/(n-k-1) =0.526/ √ (1-0.740)(1.904)/(50-2-1) = 5,125
t tabel = (0.05, dk=47) = 1.684
t2 = p43 / √ (1- R2) C11/(n-k-1) =0.408/ √ (1-0.740)(1.904)/(50-2-1) = 3,975
t tabel = (0.05, dk=47) = 1.684
Kriteria Penolakan Ho.
1. α =0.05 > p (Sig) tolak Ho. dan α =0.05 < p (Sig) terima Ho
2. t hitung > t tabel, tolak Ho t hitung < t tabel terima Ho
Kesimpulan :
Tolak Ho, dengan demikian ada pengaruh langsung x2 terhadap x4.
Dan Tolak Ho. Dengan demikian ada pengaruh langsung x3 terhadap x4
MENGHITUNG BESARAN PENGARUH RESIDU (ε)
1.
p2ε2 = √ 1- 0.517 =0,694
Model Summary
Model
1
R
.719a
R Square
.517
Adjusted
R Square
.507
Std. Error of
the Estimate
6.28094
a. Predictors: (Constant), Komunikasi Interpersonal
2. p3ε3 = √ 1- 0.585 = 0,644
Model Summary
Model
1
R
.765a
R Square
.585
Adjusted
R Square
.568
Std. Error of
the Estimate
5.69430
a. Predictors: (Constant), Self-Efficacy, Komunikasi
Interpersonal
3. pyε4 = √ 1- 0.740 = 0, 509
Model Summary
Model
1
R
.860a
R Square
.740
Adjusted
R Square
.729
Std. Error of
the Estimate
5.71003
a. Predictors: (Constant), Upaya Kerja, Self-Efficacy
MODEL TEORETIK PENELITIAN DAN HASIL
p2ε2 =0, 694
ε2
SELF-EFFICACY
X2
ε4
py2=0,526
p4ε4 = 0,504
p21=0,719
p32=0,345
X1
KINERJA
KOMUNIKASI
INTERPERSONAL
p31=0,478
ε3
p3ε3 =0,644
py3 =0,408
UPAYA
KERJA
(SELF-SET)
X3
Y
MENGHITUNG PENGARUH LANGSUNG, TIDAK LANGSUNG, DAN TOTAL
KESIMPULAN
1.Ada pengaruh langsung komunikasi interpersonal terhadap
self-efficay
2. Ada pengaruh langsung komunikasi interpersonal terhadap
upaya kerja
3. Ada pengaruh langsung self-efficay terhadap upaya kerja
4. Ada pengaruh langsung self-efficacy terhadap kinerja
5. Ada pengaruh langsung upaya kerja terhadap kinerja
2. ALTERNATIF ANALISIS KE DUA
DATA MATRIK KOVARIANS
Correlations
Komunikasi Interpersonal
Sel f-Efficacy
Upaya Kerj a
Ki nerj a
Pearson Correlati on
Sig. (1-tai l ed)
Sum of Squares and
Cross-products
Covariance
N
Pearson Correlati on
Sig. (1-tai l ed)
Sum of Squares and
Cross-products
Covariance
N
Pearson Correlati on
Sig. (1-tai l ed)
Sum of Squares and
Cross-products
Covariance
N
Pearson Correlati on
Sig. (1-tai l ed)
Sum of Squares and
Cross-products
Covariance
N
Komunikasi
Interpersonal
1
.
4565.680
93.177
50
.719**
.000
3044.520
62.133
50
.726**
.000
2974.840
60.711
50
.814**
.000
Sel f-Effi cacy Upaya Kerja
.719**
.726**
.000
.000
3044.520
62.133
50
1
.
3923.780
80.077
50
.689**
.000
2616.760
53.403
50
.808**
.000
2974.840
60.711
50
.689**
.000
2616.760
53.403
50
1
.
3673.920
74.978
50
.771**
.000
Ki nerj a
.814**
.000
4220.920
86.141
50
.808**
.000
3882.380
79.232
50
.771**
.000
3585.960
73.183
50
1
.
4220.920
3882.380
3585.960
5888.980
86.141
50
79.232
50
73.183
50
120.183
50
**. Correlati on is si gni fi cant at the 0.01 l evel (1-tai l ed).
LANJUTAN (Save as Type ketik PATHANL.spl.) muncul
LANJUTAN (KLIK Icon Gb. Orang berlari L) didapat :
LANJUTAN
LANJUTAN
LANJUTAN
LANJUTAN
LANJUTAN
LANJUTAN
MODEL TEORETIK PENELITIAN DAN HASIL
X2
SELF-EFFICACY
ε2
ε4
p42=0,53
p21=0,72
p32=0,35
X1
KINERJA
KOMUNIKASI
INTERPERSONAL
p31=0,48
ε3
p43 =0,41
UPAYA
KERJA
(SELF-SET)
X3
X4
LANJUTAN
MODEL TEORETIK PENELITIAN DAN HASIL (t hitung)
SELF-EFFICACY
ε2
X2
ε4
th= 5,18
th= 7,17
th= 2,58
X1
KINERJA
KOMUNIKASI
INTERPERSONAL
th=3,57
ε3
th = 4,02
UPAYA
KERJA
(SELF-SET)
X3
X4
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Elazar J.Pedhazur. Multiple Regression in Behavioral
Research. (New York: CBS College Publishing, 1982)
Randall E. Schumacker, Richard G.Lomax. A
Beginner’s Guide to Structural Equation Modeling
(New York: Taylor & Francis Group, 2004)
Petter Cuttance. Structural Modeling by Example
Applications in Educational, Sociological, and
Behavioral Research (New York: Cambridge
University Press, 2009)
SELAMAT MENCOBA
Maruf Akbar
PROGRAM PASCASARJANA UNIVERSITAS NEGERI
JAKARTA
2013
A. PENDAHULUAN
TUJUAN PENGGUNAAN ANALISIS JALUR (PATH ANALYSIS)
1.
ANALISIS JALUR MERUPAKAN SUATU CARA UNTUK
MEMPELAJARI PENGARUH-PENGARUH LANGSUNG DAN TIDAK
LANGSUNG SEJUMLAH VARIABEL YANG DIHIPOTESISKAN
SEBAGAI VARIABEL SEBAB TERHADAP VARIABEL AKIBAT
(As a method for studying the direct and indirect effects of variables
hypothesized as causes of variables treated as effects)
( Sewall Wright dikutip Elazar J. Pedhazur. Multiple Regression in
Behavioral Research. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1981,
p. 580)
2.
As was noted above, path analysis is not a method for discovering
causes, but a method applied to a causal model formulated by the
researcher on the basis of knowledge and theoretical consideration.
(Elazar J. Pedhazur. Multiple Regression in Behavioral Research.
New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1981, p. 580)
TAMBAHAN
1. Relasi kausal antar variabel dalam model
polanya atas dasar kajian sejumlah
teoretik
2. Relasi kausal antar variabel: pengaruh
langsung, tidak langsung, dan total
3. Relasi bersifat linear dan aditif
4. Relasi bersifat rekursif
5. Tipe variabel dalam model jalur: eksogen
dan endogen
Lanjutan tambahan
6. Skala data minimal interval
7. Model tersusun dalam pola yang utuh
menunjukkan esensi keilmuan peneliti
8. Model tersusun dalam pola yang
berkaitan dengan variabel yang menjadi
masalah utama penelitian
9. Model tersusun dengan pilihan-pilihan
variabel ada yang baru (menghindari
duplikasi)
Lanjutan tambahan
10. Model jalur memberikan kontribusi hasil
riset: a.penjelasan(explanasi), b. kontrol,
c. Prediktor
11. Model tidak mengandung relasi antar
sejumlah variabel bentuk loop
12. Pengukuran variabel-variabel dalam
model hanya memiliki satu unit analisis
13. Susunan variabel dalam model memiliki
causal order atas dasar kajian teoretik
CONTOH MODEL PATH
CONTOH
MASALAH
VARIABEL
VARIABEL
PENYEBAB
TUJUAN PENELITIAN
PENELITIAN KAUSAL
KINERJA
DASAR TEORI
Joint Effects of Goals and Self-Efficacy on performance
(Stephen P. Robbins, and Timothy A. Judge. Organizational Behavior. New
Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2007, p. 181)
Individuals has
confidence that
given level of
performance will be
attained
(self-efficacy)
Individuals has
higher level of
job or task
performance
Managers sets
difficult, specific goals
for job or task
Individuals sets
higher personal
(self-set) goal
for their
performance
CONTOH MODEL TEORETIK PENELITIAN
X2
SELF-EFFICACY
X1
Y
KOMUNIKASI
INTERPERSONAL
KINERJA
UPAYA
KERJA
(SELF-SET)
X3
ALTERNATIF LAIN MEMBANGUN MODEL TEORETIK PENELITIAN
TEORI
SUMBER
DESKRIPSI
TEORETIK
VARIABELVARIABEL
PENGARUH
(DE, IE, TE)
PLACEMENT OF THE THEORY
IN QUANTITATIVE STUDIES ONE USES THEORY DEDUCTIVELY AND PLACES
IT TOWARD THE BEGINNING OF THE PLAN FOR A STUDY.
IN QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH THE OBJECTIVE IS TO TEST OR VERIFY A
THEORY, RATHER THAN TO DEVELOP IT
(JOHN W. CRESWELL. RESEARCH DESIGN QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE
APPROACHES. NEW DEHLI: SAGE PUBLICATIONS, 1994, p.87)
Researcher Test a Theory
Researcher Test Hypotheses or Research
Questions Derived from the Theory
Researcher Operationalizes Concepts
Or Variables Derived from the Theory
Researcher Uses an Instrument
to Measure Variables in the Theory
HUBUNGAN ANTAR VARIABEL
1.
KORELASI
X
2.
Y
KAUSAL
X
3.
Y
TIMBAL BALIK (RECIPROCAL)
X
4.
Y
Z
SPURIOUS
X
5.
Y
PENGARUH LANGSUNG DAN TIDAK LANGSUNG
Y
X1
X2
B. CONTOH ANALISIS
MASALAH PENELITIAN
1. Apakah ada pengaruh langsung komunikasi interpersonal terhadap
self-efficay?
2. Apakah ada pengaruh langsung komunikasi interpersonal terhadap
upaya kerja?
3. Apakah ada pengaruh langsung self-efficay terhadap upaya kerja?
4. Apakah ada pengaruh langsung self-efficacy terhadap kinerja?
5. Apakah ada pengaruh langsung upaya kerja terhadap kinerja?
HIPOTESIS STATISTIK
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Ho. :
Hi. :
Ho. :
Hi. :
Ho. :
Hi. :
Ho. :
Hi. :
Ho. :
Hi. :
β21 ≤ 0
β21 > 0
β31 ≤ 0
β31 > 0
β32 ≤ 0
β32 > 0
βy2 ≤ 0
βy2 > 0
βy3 ≤ 0
βy3 > 0
PILIHAN ANALISIS (SOFTWARE PROGRAM)
1.
2.
SPSS
LISREL
PILIHAN 1
TAHAPAN:
1. SAJIAN DATA SAMPEL
2. SAJIAN PENGUJIAN PERSYARATAN ANALISIS DATA
a. Uji Normalitas Data Galat Taksiran
b. Uji Linearitas Regresi
3. Menhitung Koefisien Jalur (Data sampel)
a. Manual
b. Program
4. MENCARI DAN MENGUJI SIGNIFIKANSI KOEFISIEN JALUR
5. MENCARI BESARAN PENGARUH LANGSUNG, TIDAK LANGSUNG
DAN PENGARUH TOTAL
6. PENAFSIRAN
PROSEDUR
1.
MEMBUAT PERSAMAAN STRUKTURAL
ε2
X2
ε4
SELF-EFFICACY
X1
p42
p21
p32
KINERJA
KOMUNIKASI
INTERPERSONAL
p31
ε3
p43
UPAYA
KERJA
(SELF-SET)
X3
X4
PERSAMAAN STRUKTURAL
1.
KOMUNIKASI
INTERPERSONAL
p21
SELF-EFFICACY
X1
X2 = p21X1 + ε2
X2
ε2
2.
X2
KOMUNIKASI
INTERPERSONAL
SELF-EFFICACY
p32
X1
p31
ε3
UPAYA
KERJA
(SELF-SET)
X3 = p31X1 + p32X2 + ε3
X3
LANJUTAN …
3.
y = py2 X2 + py3 X3 + ε4
ε4
X2
SELF-EFFICACY
py2
KINERJA
X3
UPAYA
KERJA
(SELF-SET)
py3
MENGHITUNG KOEFISIEN KORELASI ANTAR VARIABEL
Correlations
Komunikasi Interpersonal
Self-Efficacy
Upaya Kerja
Kinerja
Pearson Correlation
Sig. (1-tailed)
N
Pearson Correlation
Sig. (1-tailed)
N
Pearson Correlation
Sig. (1-tailed)
N
Pearson Correlation
Sig. (1-tailed)
N
Komunikasi
Interpersonal Self-Efficacy Upaya Kerja
Kinerja
1
.719**
.726**
.814**
.
.000
.000
.000
50
50
50
50
.719**
1
.689**
.808**
.000
.
.000
.000
50
50
50
50
.726**
.689**
1
.771**
.000
.000
.
.000
50
50
50
50
.814**
.808**
.771**
1
.000
.000
.000
.
50
50
50
50
**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (1-tailed).
MENGHITUNG KOEFISIEN JALUR
1.
X2 = p21X1 + ε2
Coefficientsa
Model
1
(Constant)
Komunikasi Interpersonal
Unstandardized
Coefficients
B
Std. Error
14.894
3.830
.667
.093
Standardized
Coefficients
Beta
.719
t
3.889
7.174
Sig.
.000
.000
a. Dependent Variable: Self-Efficacy
p21 = 0, 719
(nilai t = 7.174 dan nilai probabilitas (Sig.)=0.000)
t = r √ (n-2)/(1 – r2)
= 0,719 √ (50-2)/(1-0,52) = 7.17
t tabel = (0.05, dk= n-2) = 1,67
LANJUTAN
2. X3 = p31X1 + p32X2 + ε3
Coefficientsa
Model
1
(Constant)
Komunikasi Interpersonal
Self-Efficacy
Unstandardized
Coefficients
B
Std. Error
10.946
3.982
.429
.121
.334
.131
Standardized
Coefficients
Beta
.478
.345
t
2.749
3.533
2.555
Sig.
.008
.001
.014
a. Dependent Variable: Upaya Kerja
p31 = 0, 478
p32 = 0, 345
(nilai t = 3.533 dan nilai probabilitas (Sig.)=0.001)
(nilai t = 2.555 dan nilai probabilitas (Sig.)=0.014)
LANJUTAN
Menghitung nilai t
Model Summary
Model
1
R
R Square
.765a
.585
Adjusted
R Square
.568
Std. Error of
the Estimate
5.69430
a. Predictors: (Constant), Self-Efficacy, Komunikasi
Interpersonal
1 0.719
0.719
1
1
2.07 1.488
1.488
2.07
t1 = p31 / √ (1- R2) C11/(n-k-1) =0.478/ √ (1-0.585)(2.07)/(50-2-1) = 3,536
t tabel = (0.05, dk=47) = 1.684
t2 = p32 / √ (1- R2) C11/(n-k-1) =0.345/ √ (1-0.585)(2.07)/(50-2-1) = 2,552
t tabel = (0.05, dk=47) = 1.684
LANJUTAN
3. y = py2 X2 + py3 X3 + ε4
Coefficientsa
Model
1
(Constant)
Self-Efficacy
Upaya Kerja
Unstandardized
Coefficients
B
Std. Error
1.457
4.301
.645
.126
.517
.130
Standardized
Coefficients
Beta
.526
.408
t
.339
5.125
3.975
Sig.
.736
.000
.000
a. Dependent Variable: Kinerja
py2 = 0, 526
py3 = 0, 408
(nilai t = 5.125 dan nilai probabilitas (Sig.)=0.000)
(nilai t = 3.975 dan nilai probabilitas (Sig.)=0.000)
LANJUTAN
Menghitung nilai t
Model Summary
Model
1
R
R Square
.860a
.740
Adjusted
R Square
.729
Std. Error of
the Estimate
5.71003
a. Predictors: (Constant), Upaya Kerja, Self-Efficacy
1
0.689
0.689
1
1
1.904 1.312
1.312 1.904
t1 = p42 / √ (1- R2) C11/(n-k-1) =0.526/ √ (1-0.740)(1.904)/(50-2-1) = 5,125
t tabel = (0.05, dk=47) = 1.684
t2 = p43 / √ (1- R2) C11/(n-k-1) =0.408/ √ (1-0.740)(1.904)/(50-2-1) = 3,975
t tabel = (0.05, dk=47) = 1.684
UJI HIPOTESIS
1.
Ho. : β 21 ≤ 0
Hi. : β 21 > 0
Coefficientsa
Model
1
(Constant)
Komunikasi Interpersonal
Unstandardized
Coefficients
B
Std. Error
14.894
3.830
.667
.093
Standardized
Coefficients
Beta
.719
t
3.889
7.174
Sig.
.000
.000
a. Dependent Variable: Self-Efficacy
p21 = 0, 719 (nilai t = 7.174 dan nilai probabilitas (Sig.)=0.000)
t = r √ (n-2)/(1 – r2)
t tabel = (0.05, dk= n-2) = 1,6
= 0,719 √ (50-2)/(1-0,52) = 7.17
Kriteria Penolakan Ho.
1. α =0.05 > p (Sig) tolak Ho. dan α =0.05 < p (Sig) terima Ho
2. t hitung > t tabel, tolak Ho t hitung < t tabel terima Ho
Kesimpulan :
Tolak Ho, dengan demikian ada pengaruh langsung x1
terhadap x2
LANJUTAN
2.
Ho. : β 31 ≤ 0
Hi. : β 31 > 0
3.
Ho. : β 32 ≤ 0
Hi. : β 32 > 0
Coefficientsa
Model
1
(Constant)
Komunikasi Interpersonal
Self-Efficacy
Unstandardized
Coefficients
B
Std. Error
10.946
3.982
.429
.121
.334
.131
Standardized
Coefficients
Beta
.478
.345
t
2.749
3.533
2.555
Sig.
.008
.001
.014
a. Dependent Variable: Upaya Kerja
p31 = 0, 478 (nilai t = 3.533 dan nilai probabilitas (Sig.)=0.001)
p32 = 0, 345 (nilai t = 2.555 dan nilai probabilitas (Sig.)=0.014)
t1 = p31 / √ (1- R2) C11/(n-k-1) =0.478/ √ (1-0.585)(2.07)/(50-2-1) = 3,536
t tabel = (0.05, dk=47) = 1.684
t2 = p32 / √ (1- R2) C11/(n-k-1) =0.345/ √ (1-0.585)(2.07)/(50-2-1) = 2,552
t tabel = (0.05, dk=47) = 1.684
Kriteria Penolakan Ho.
1. α =0.05 > p (Sig) tolak Ho. dan α =0.05 < p (Sig) terima Ho
2. t hitung > t tabel, tolak Ho t hitung < t tabel terima Ho
Kesimpulan :
Tolak Ho, dengan demikian ada pengaruh langsung x1
terhadap x3. Dan Tolak Ho. Dengan demikian ada pengaruh langsung x2
terhadap x3
LANJUTAN
4.
Ho. : β y2 ≤ 0
Hi. : β y2 > 0
5.
Ho. : β y3 ≤ 0
Hi. : β y3 > 0
Coefficientsa
Model
1
(Constant)
Self-Efficacy
Upaya Kerja
Unstandardized
Coefficients
B
Std. Error
1.457
4.301
.645
.126
.517
.130
Standardized
Coefficients
Beta
.526
.408
t
.339
5.125
3.975
Sig.
.736
.000
.000
a. Dependent Variable: Kinerja
p42 = 0, 526 (nilai t = 5.125 dan nilai probabilitas (Sig.)=0.000)
p43 = 0, 408 (nilai t = 3.975 dan nilai probabilitas (Sig.)=0.000)
t1 = p42 / √ (1- R2) C11/(n-k-1) =0.526/ √ (1-0.740)(1.904)/(50-2-1) = 5,125
t tabel = (0.05, dk=47) = 1.684
t2 = p43 / √ (1- R2) C11/(n-k-1) =0.408/ √ (1-0.740)(1.904)/(50-2-1) = 3,975
t tabel = (0.05, dk=47) = 1.684
Kriteria Penolakan Ho.
1. α =0.05 > p (Sig) tolak Ho. dan α =0.05 < p (Sig) terima Ho
2. t hitung > t tabel, tolak Ho t hitung < t tabel terima Ho
Kesimpulan :
Tolak Ho, dengan demikian ada pengaruh langsung x2 terhadap x4.
Dan Tolak Ho. Dengan demikian ada pengaruh langsung x3 terhadap x4
MENGHITUNG BESARAN PENGARUH RESIDU (ε)
1.
p2ε2 = √ 1- 0.517 =0,694
Model Summary
Model
1
R
.719a
R Square
.517
Adjusted
R Square
.507
Std. Error of
the Estimate
6.28094
a. Predictors: (Constant), Komunikasi Interpersonal
2. p3ε3 = √ 1- 0.585 = 0,644
Model Summary
Model
1
R
.765a
R Square
.585
Adjusted
R Square
.568
Std. Error of
the Estimate
5.69430
a. Predictors: (Constant), Self-Efficacy, Komunikasi
Interpersonal
3. pyε4 = √ 1- 0.740 = 0, 509
Model Summary
Model
1
R
.860a
R Square
.740
Adjusted
R Square
.729
Std. Error of
the Estimate
5.71003
a. Predictors: (Constant), Upaya Kerja, Self-Efficacy
MODEL TEORETIK PENELITIAN DAN HASIL
p2ε2 =0, 694
ε2
SELF-EFFICACY
X2
ε4
py2=0,526
p4ε4 = 0,504
p21=0,719
p32=0,345
X1
KINERJA
KOMUNIKASI
INTERPERSONAL
p31=0,478
ε3
p3ε3 =0,644
py3 =0,408
UPAYA
KERJA
(SELF-SET)
X3
Y
MENGHITUNG PENGARUH LANGSUNG, TIDAK LANGSUNG, DAN TOTAL
KESIMPULAN
1.Ada pengaruh langsung komunikasi interpersonal terhadap
self-efficay
2. Ada pengaruh langsung komunikasi interpersonal terhadap
upaya kerja
3. Ada pengaruh langsung self-efficay terhadap upaya kerja
4. Ada pengaruh langsung self-efficacy terhadap kinerja
5. Ada pengaruh langsung upaya kerja terhadap kinerja
2. ALTERNATIF ANALISIS KE DUA
DATA MATRIK KOVARIANS
Correlations
Komunikasi Interpersonal
Sel f-Efficacy
Upaya Kerj a
Ki nerj a
Pearson Correlati on
Sig. (1-tai l ed)
Sum of Squares and
Cross-products
Covariance
N
Pearson Correlati on
Sig. (1-tai l ed)
Sum of Squares and
Cross-products
Covariance
N
Pearson Correlati on
Sig. (1-tai l ed)
Sum of Squares and
Cross-products
Covariance
N
Pearson Correlati on
Sig. (1-tai l ed)
Sum of Squares and
Cross-products
Covariance
N
Komunikasi
Interpersonal
1
.
4565.680
93.177
50
.719**
.000
3044.520
62.133
50
.726**
.000
2974.840
60.711
50
.814**
.000
Sel f-Effi cacy Upaya Kerja
.719**
.726**
.000
.000
3044.520
62.133
50
1
.
3923.780
80.077
50
.689**
.000
2616.760
53.403
50
.808**
.000
2974.840
60.711
50
.689**
.000
2616.760
53.403
50
1
.
3673.920
74.978
50
.771**
.000
Ki nerj a
.814**
.000
4220.920
86.141
50
.808**
.000
3882.380
79.232
50
.771**
.000
3585.960
73.183
50
1
.
4220.920
3882.380
3585.960
5888.980
86.141
50
79.232
50
73.183
50
120.183
50
**. Correlati on is si gni fi cant at the 0.01 l evel (1-tai l ed).
LANJUTAN (Save as Type ketik PATHANL.spl.) muncul
LANJUTAN (KLIK Icon Gb. Orang berlari L) didapat :
LANJUTAN
LANJUTAN
LANJUTAN
LANJUTAN
LANJUTAN
LANJUTAN
MODEL TEORETIK PENELITIAN DAN HASIL
X2
SELF-EFFICACY
ε2
ε4
p42=0,53
p21=0,72
p32=0,35
X1
KINERJA
KOMUNIKASI
INTERPERSONAL
p31=0,48
ε3
p43 =0,41
UPAYA
KERJA
(SELF-SET)
X3
X4
LANJUTAN
MODEL TEORETIK PENELITIAN DAN HASIL (t hitung)
SELF-EFFICACY
ε2
X2
ε4
th= 5,18
th= 7,17
th= 2,58
X1
KINERJA
KOMUNIKASI
INTERPERSONAL
th=3,57
ε3
th = 4,02
UPAYA
KERJA
(SELF-SET)
X3
X4
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Elazar J.Pedhazur. Multiple Regression in Behavioral
Research. (New York: CBS College Publishing, 1982)
Randall E. Schumacker, Richard G.Lomax. A
Beginner’s Guide to Structural Equation Modeling
(New York: Taylor & Francis Group, 2004)
Petter Cuttance. Structural Modeling by Example
Applications in Educational, Sociological, and
Behavioral Research (New York: Cambridge
University Press, 2009)
SELAMAT MENCOBA