1. Data Description
As the writer explained in the preceding chapter this skripsi discussed about error in descriptive writing test focused on tenses, which have been done by
the third year students. She took the answer sheets to get data and the work sheets to analyze. The test covers 4 tenses area.
After the writer gets the students’ work sheet, she found many errors on it. Here are the data of the students’ writing errors which are focused on tenses.
Table 3.1 The identification of writing errors of student 1
No. Identification of
Error
Description and Error
Classification Explanation
Correction
1. I born at
Tangerang 4
th
September 1994. Simple past
tense - omission of
“was” The word “born”
should me followed by
“was”. I was born at
Tangerang 4
th
September 1994.
2. I has be living
here since 10 years ago.
Present perfect tense
-misformation of present
perfect tense The verb “has be
living” is not correct. It is
present perfect form: S +
hashave + V3 I have lived
here since 10 years ago.
3. I will continues
my study at SMK Bima Bangsa
after I graduate from this school.
Future tense - Addition of
“s” in the main verb.
The verb after “will” should be
simple verb. I will continue
my study at SMK Bima
BAngsa after I graduate
from this school.
Table 3.2
The identification of writing errors of student 2
No. Identification
of Error Description and
Error Classification
Explanation Correction
1. I born in
Tangerang, September 10
th
1993. Simple past
tense - omission of to
be The word “born”
should me followed by
“was”. I was born in
Tangerang, September 10
th
1993. 2.
I have been live here since I
child. Present perfect
- misformation of present
perfect tense The form of this
sentence is present perfect
tense and the sentence after
“since” should be past tense.
I have lived here since I was
child.
3. I’m studying
many things, such as Math,
English, Economy, etc.
Present tense -misformation
of present tense The verb “am
studying” is not correct, because
the sentence explain habitual
action. I study many
things, such as Math, English,
Economy, etc.
Table 3.3 The identification of writing errors of student 3
No. Identification
of Error Description and
Error Classification
Explanation Correction
1. I born in
Tangerang, December 15
th
1993. Simple past
tense - omission of to
be The word “born”
should me followed by
“was”. I was born in
Tangerang, December 15
th
1993. 2.
I lives at Cilalung,
Tangerang. Simple present
tense - addition of
“s” in the main verb.
The verb “lives” should be simple
verb. I live at
Cilalung, Tangerang.
3. I am study at
3
rd
grade of SMP
Paramarta. Simple present
tense - addition of to
be The verb “am
study” should be not use to be.
I study at 3
rd
grade of SMP Paramarta.
4. I studying
many things, such as Math,
Biology, etc. Simple present
tense - addition of
“ing” in the main verb.
The verb “studying” should
be simple verb. I study many
things, such as Math, Biology,
etc.
Table 3.4 The identification of writing errors of student 4
No. Identification
of Error Description and
Error Classification
Explanation Correction
1. I born in
Jakarta, 11
th
of December
Simple past tense
- omission of to The word “born”
should me followed by
I was born in Jakarta, 11
th
of December
1993. be
“was”. 1993.
Table 3.5 The identification of writing errors of student 5
No. Identification
of Error Description and
Error Classification
Explanation Correction
1. I have be living
here since I children.
Present perfect tense
-misformation of present
perfect singular-plural
- omission of to be
The form of this sentence is
present perfect tense and the
sentence after “since” should be
past tense. The word
“children” is not correct, because
the subject shows one person.
I have lived here since I was
child.
2. I will studying
at SMK Bina Bangsa.
Simple Future tense
- Addition of “ing” in the
verb The verb
“studying” should be simple verb
I will study at SMK Bina
Bangsa.
Table 3.6 The identification of writing errors of student 6
No. Identification
of Error Description and
Error Classification
Explanation Correction
1. I live here since
I was child. Present perfect
tense - inappropriate
verb This sentence
form is present perfect which
expresses a situation that
began in the past and continue to
the present I have lived
here since I was child.
Table 3.7 The identification of writing errors of student 7
No. Identification
of Error Description and
Error Classification
Explanation Correction
1. I live here since
I was child. Present perfect
tense - -inappropriate
verb This sentence
form is present perfect which
expresses a situation that
began in the past and continue to
the present I have live here
since I was child.
2. I am studying
many things, such as Math,
English, Economy, etc.
Present tense - inappropriate
verb The verb “am
studying” is not correct because
the sentence expresses the
I study many things such as,
Math, English, Economy, etc.
habitual action
Table 3.8 The identification of writing errors of student 8
No. Identification
of Error Description and
Error Classification
Explanation Correction
1. I live here since
I was child. Present perfect
-inappropriate verb
This sentence form is present
perfect which expresses a
situation that began in the past
and continue to the present
I have live here since I was
child.
2. I am studying
many things, such as Math,
English, Economy, etc
Present tense - inappropriate
verb The verb “am
studying” is not correct because
the sentence expresses the
habitual action I study many
things such as, Math, English,
Economy, etc.
Table 3.9 The identification of writing errors of student 9
No. Identification
of Error Description and
Error Classification
Explanation Correction
1. I born at
Tangerang, 12
th
November 1993.
Simple past tense
- omission of to be
preposition Before the word
“born” it should be “was”.
- It should use “in” before the
I was born in Tangerang,
November, 12
th
1993.
-inappropriate preposition-
word order city.
- the date should be placed after
month 2.
I will studying at Bina Bangsa
School Simple Future
tense - Addition of
“ing” in the verb
The verb “studying” should
be simple verb I will studying
at Bina Bangsa School
Table 3.10 The identification of writing errors of student 10
No. Identification
of Error Description and
Error Classification
Explanation Correction
1. I lives here
since I was child.
Present perfect -inappropriate
verb This sentence
form is present perfect which
expresses a situation that
began in the past and continue to
the present I live here since
I was schild
Table 3.11 The identification of writing errors of student 11
No. Identification
of Error Description and
Error Classification
Explanation Correction
1. My father is
dead 3 years ago..
Past tense - disagreement
of subject and verb
The verb “is” is not correct,
because it snows event in the past
My father was dead 3 years
ago. 2.
I studying many lessons,
such as Indonesian
language, science,
English, etc. Simple present
tense - Addition of
“ing” in the main verb.
The verb “studying” should
be simple verb. I study many
lessons, such as Indonesian
language, science,
English, etc.
Table 3.12 The identification of writing errors of student 12
No. Identification
of Error Description and
Error Classification
Explanation Correction
1. I live here since
I was child. Present perfect
-inappropriate verb
This sentence form is present
perfect which expresses a
situation that began in the past
and continue to the present
I have lived here since I was
child.
Table 3.13 The identification of writing errors of student 13
No. Identification
of Error Description and
Error Classification
Explanation Correction
1. I lives at kp.
Simple present The main verb
I live at kp.
Bulak. tense
- addition of “s” on the min
verb should be simple
verb because it is simple present
tense. Bulak.
2. After I graduate
from this school I will
studying at Senior High
School. Simple Future
tense - Addition of
“ing” in the verb
The verb “studying” should
be simple verb After I graduate
from this school I will study at
Senior High School.
Table 3.14 The identification of writing errors of student 14
No. Identification
of Error Description and
Error Classification
Explanation Correction
1. I live here since
I was child. Present perfect
- inappropriate verb
This sentence form is present
perfect which expresses a
situation that began in the past
and continue to the present
I have lived here since I was
child.
Table 3.15 The identification of writing errors of student 15
No. Identification
of Error Description and
Error Classification
Explanation Correction
1. I have be living
here since I am Present perfect
-inappropriate This sentence
form is present I have lived
here since I was
child verb
perfect which expresses a
situation that began in the past
and continue to the present
child
2. I will studying
at Senior High School.
Simple Future tense
- Addition of “ing” in the
verb The verb
“studying” should be simple verb
I will study at Senior High
School.
Table 3.16 The identification of writing errors of student 16
No. Identification
of Error Description and
Error Classification
Explanation Correction
1. I lives with my
parents and my sister.
Simple present tense
- addition of “s” on the min
verb The main verb
should be simple verb because it is
simple present tense.
I live with my parents and my
sister.
2. I has been live
here since I child
Present perfect -inappropriate
verb - omission of to
be This sentence
form is present perfect which
expresses a situation that
began in the past and continue to
the present I have lived
here since I was child.
Table 3.17 The identification of writing errors of student 17
No. Identification
of Error Description and
Error Classification
Explanation Correction
1. I born in
Tangerang, May 5
th
1992. Simple past
tense - omission of to
be Before the word
“born” it should be “was”.
I was born in Tangerang,
May 5
th
1992. 2.
I has been live here since I
child. Present perfect
-inappropriate verb
- omission of to be
This sentence form is present
perfect which expresses a
situation that began in the past
and continue to the present
I have lived here since I was
child.
Table 3.18 The identification of writing errors of student 18
No. Identification
of Error Description and
Error Classification
Explanation Correction
1. I born in
Tangerang, December 12
th
1991. Simple past
tense - omission of to
be Before the word
“born” it should be “was”.
I was born in Tangerang,
December 12
th
1991.
Table 3.19 The identification of writing errors of student 19
No. Identification
of Error Description and
Error Classification
Explanation Correction
1. I live here since
I was child. Present perfect
Inappropriate verb
This sentence form is present
perfect which expresses a
situation that began in the past
and continue to the present
I have lived here since I was
child.
Table 3.20 The identification of writing errors of student 20
No. Identification
of Error Description and
Error Classification
Explanation Correction
1. I am was born
in Tangerang, December 8
th
1993. Past tense
-Addition of “am”
To be of this sentence should
be past I was born in
Tangerang, December 8
th
1993. 2.
I have been here since I
child. Present perfect
Inappropriate verb
This sentence form is present
perfect which expresses a
situation that began in the past
and continue to the present
I have lived here since I was
child.
Table 3.21 The identification of writing errors of student 21
No. Identification
of Error Description and
Error Classification
Explanation Correction
1. I live here since
I child. Present perfect
Inappropriate verb
This sentence form is present
perfect which expresses a
situation that began in the past
and continue to the present
I have lived here since I was
child.
Table 3.22 The identification of writing errors of student 22
No. Identification
of Error Description and
Error Classification
Explanation Correction
1. I born at
Tangerang, November 12
th
1993. Simple past
tense - omission of to
be Before the word
“born” it should be “was”.
I was born at Tangerang,
November 12
th
1993. 2.
I will studying at Bina Bangsa
Senior High Simple Future
tense - Addition of
The verb “studying” should
be simple verb I will study at
Bina Bangsa Senior High
School. “ing” in the
verb School.
Table 3.23 The identification of writing errors of student 23
No. Identification
of Error Description and
Error Classification
Explanation Correction
1. I live here since
I was child. Present perfect
Inappropriate verb
This sentence form is present
perfect which expresses a
situation that began in the past
and continue to the present
I have lived here since I was
child.
Table 3.24 The identification of writing errors of student 24
No. Identification
of Error Description and
Error Classification
Explanation Correction
1. I born at
Tangerang, November 12
th
1993. Simple past
tense - omission of to
be Before the word
“born” it should be “was”.
I was born at Tangerang,
November 12
th
1993. 2.
I will studying at Bina Bangsa
Senior High School.
Simple Future tense
- Addition of “ing” in the
The verb “studying” should
be simple verb I will study at
Bina Bangsa Senior High
School.
verb 3.
I lives here since I am
children. Present perfect
-inappropriate verb
Singular-plural -disagreement
subject and verb
- This sentence form is present
perfect which expresses a
situation that began in the past
and continue to the present
- The word “children” is not
correct, because the subject is
single. I have lived
here since I was child.
Table 3.25 The identification of writing errors of student 25
No. Identification
of Error Description and
Error Classification
Explanation Correction
1. I live at
Cilaluung since I was child.
Present perfect Inappropriate
verb This sentence
form is present perfect which
expresses a situation that
began in the past and continue to
the present I have lived at
Cilaluung since I was child.
2. I studying
Simple present The verb
I study Math,
Math, Economy,
English, and Computer.
tense - Addition of
“ing” in the main verb.
“studying” should be simple verb.
Economy, English, and
Computer.
Table 3.26 The identification of writing errors of student 26
No. Identification
of Error Description and
Error Classification
Explanation Correction
. Student 26 has no errors in tenses
Table 3.27 The identification of writing errors of student 27
No. Identification
of Error Description and
Error Classification
Explanation Correction
1. I live here since
I child. Present perfect
Inappropriate verb
- omission of to be
This sentence form is present
perfect which expresses a
situation that began in the past
and continue to the present
I have lived here since I was
child.
2. I studying
Math, English, Simple present
tense The verb
“studying” should I study Math,
English, and
and Biology. - Addition of
“ing” in the main verb.
be simple verb Biology.
Table 3.28 The identification of writing errors of student 28
No. Identification
of Error Description and
Error Classification
Explanation Correction
1. I live here since
I was child. Present perfect
Inappropriate verb
This sentence form is present
perfect which expresses a
situation that began in the past
and continue to the present
I have lived here since I was
child.
Table 3.29 The identification of writing errors of student 29
No. Identification
of Error Description and
Error Classification
Explanation Correction
Student 29 has no errors in tenses
Table 3.30 The identification of writing errors of student 30
No. Identification
of Error Description and
Error Classification
Explanation Correction
Student 30 has no errors in tenses
Table 3.31 The identification of writing errors of student 31
No. Identification
of Error Description and
Error Classification
Explanation Correction
1. I live here since
I child. Present perfect
Inappropriate verb
- omission of to be
This sentence form is present
perfect which expresses a
situation that began in the past
and continue to the present
I have lived here since I was
child.
2. I’m studying
many things, such as
English, Biology,
Indonesian language, etc.
Present tense - inappropriate
verb The verb “am
studying” is not correct because
the sentence expresses the
habitual action I study many
things, such as English,
Biology, Indonesian
language, etc.
Table 3.32 The identification of writing errors of student 32
No. Identification
of Error Description and
Error Classification
Explanation Correction
1. I am was born
at Tangerang, December 31
st
1992. Past tense
-Addition of “am”
To be of this sentence should
be past I was born at
Tangerang, December 31
st
1992. 2.
I lives with my parents, my
Simple present tense
The verb “ lives” should be simple
I live with my parents, my
brothers and my sisters.
- addition of “s” on the min
verb verb because it is
simple present tense.
brothers and my sisters.
3. I studying
Math, Biology etc.
Simple present tense
- Addition of “ing” in the
main verb. The verb
“studying” should be simple verb.
I study Math, Biology etc.
4. I will studying
at Islamiyah school.
Simple Future tense
- Addition of “ing” in the
verb The verb
“studying” should be simple verb
I will study at Islamiyah
school.
Table 3.33 The identification of writing errors of student 33
No. Identification
of Error Description and
Error Classification
Explanation Correction
1. I has lives here
since child. Present perfect
-inappropriate verb
- omission of subject and to
be This sentence
form is present perfect which
expresses a situation that
began in the past and continue to
the present I have lived
here since I was child.
2. I will studying
electrical technology at
Sasmita Jaya School after I
Simple Future tense
- Addition of “ing” in the
verb The verb
“studying” should be simple verb
I will studying electrical
technology at Sasmita Jaya
School after I
graduate from this school.
graduate from this school.
Table 3.34 The identification of writing errors of student 34
No. Identification
of Error Description and
Error Classification
Explanation Correction
1. I born at
Tangerang, May 31
st
1993. Simple past
tense - omission of to
be Inappropriate
preposition -
Before the word “born”
it should be “was”
- it should use
“in” before city.
I was born in Tangerang,
May 31
st
1993.
Table 3.35 The identification of writing errors of student 35
No. Identification
of Error Description and
Error Classification
Explanation Correction
1. I have been
here since I child.
Present perfect -inappropriate
verb - omission of to
be This sentence
form is present perfect which
expresses a situation that
began in the past and continue to
the present I have lived
here since I was child.
2. I studying
English, science, etc.
Simple present tense
- Addition of The verb
“studying” should be simple verb.
I study English, science, etc.
“ing” in the main verb.
Table 3.36 The identification of writing errors of student 36
No. Identification
of Error Description and
Error Classification
Explanation Correction
1. I lives at
Tangerang. Simple present
tense - addition of
“s” on the min verb
The verb “lives” should be simple
verb I live at
Tangerang.
2. I have be live
here since I was child.
Present perfect -inappropriate
verb This sentence
form is present perfect which
expresses a situation that
began in the past and continue to
the present I have lived
here since I was child.
3. I studying
English, Science, etc.
Simple present tense
- Addition of “ing” in the
main verb. The verb
“studying” should be simple verb.
I studying English,
Science, etc.
4. I will studies at
Simple Future The verb
I will study at
Senior High School DKI 1.
tense - Addition of
“es” in the verb “studies” should
be simple verb Senior High
School DKI 1.
Table 3.37 The identification of writing errors of student 37
No. Identification
of Error Description and
Error Classification
Explanation Correction
1. I am was born
at Jombang, December 6
th
1994. Past tense
-Addition of “am”
To be of this sentence should
be past I was born at
Jombang, December 6
th
1994. 2.
I has been lives here since I was
children Present perfect
-inappropriate verb
Singular-plural -disagreement
subject and verb
This sentence form is present
perfect which expresses a
situation that began in the past
and continue to the present
The word “children” is not
correct, because the subject is
single. I have lived
here since I was child.
3. I will studying
at SMA Puspita Bangsa after I
Simple Future tense
- Addition of The verb
“studying” should be simple verb
I will study at SMA Puspita
Bangsa after I
graduate from SMP
Paramarta. “ing” in the
verb graduate from
SMP Paramarta.
Table 3.38 The identification of writing errors of student 38
No. Identification
of Error Description and
Error Classification
Explanation Correction
Student 38 has no errors in tenses
Table 3.39 The identification of writing errors of student 39
No. Identification
of Error Description and
Error Classification
Explanation Correction
1. I have living
here since I am child.
Present perfect -inappropriate
verb This sentence
form is present perfect which
expresses a situation that
began in the past and continue to
the present After “since” the
sentence should be past form.
I have lived here since I was
child.
2. I will studies at
SMK Bina Bangsa.
Simple Future tense
- Addition of The verb
“studies” should be simple verb
I will study at SMK Bina
Babgsa.
“es” in the verb
Table 3.40 The identification of writing errors of student 40
No. Identification
of Error Description and
Error Classification
Explanation Correction
1. I live here since
I was child. Present perfect
-inappropriate verb
This sentence form is present
perfect which expresses a
situation that began in the past
and continue to the present
I have lived here since I was
child.
Table 3.41 The identification of writing errors of student 40
No. Identification
of Error Description and
Error Classification
Explanation Correction
1. I am was born
at Jombang, February 6
th
1994. Past tense
-Addition of “am”
To be of this sentence should
be past I was born at
Jombang, February 6
th
1994.
Table 3.42 The identification of writing errors of student 40
No. Identification
Description and
of Error Error
Classification Explanation
Correction 1.
I lives at kp. Masjid.
Simple present tense
- addition of “s” on the min
verb The verb “lives”
should be simple verb
I live at kp. Masjid.
Table 3.43 The identification of writing errors of student 40
No. Identification
of Error Description and
Error Classification
Explanation Correction
1. I will studying
at SMK Bina Bangsa.
Simple Future tense
- Addition of “ing” in the
verb The verb
“studying” should be simple verb
I will study at SMK Bina
Babgsa.
Table 3.44 The identification of writing errors of student 40
No. Identification
of Error Description and
Error Classification
Explanation Correction
1. I am was born
at Jombang, December 6
th
1994. Past tense
-Addition of “am”
To be of this sentence should
be past I was born at
Jombang, December 6
th
1994. 2.
I have living here since
child. Present perfect
-inappropriate verb
- omission of This sentence
form is present perfect which
expresses a I have lived
here since I was child.
subject situation that
began in the past and continue to
the present 3.
I lives with my mother, my
father, my sisters.
Simple present tense
- addition of “s” on the min
verb The verb “lives”
should be simple verb
I live with my mother, my
father, my sisters.
Research findings of the analysis above can be seen on the table of recapitulation of the students writing errors.
Table 3.45 TABLE OF RECAPITULATION OF THE STUDENTS’ WRITING
ERRORS ERRORS CLASSIFICATION
STUDENTS Simple
Present Tense Simple Past
Tense Simple
Future Tense Present
Perfect Tense Student 1
1 1
1 Student 2
1 1
1 Student 3
3 1
Student 4 1
Student 5 1
1 Student 6
1 Student 7
1 1
Student 8 1
1 Student 9
1 1
Student 10 1
Student 11 1
1 Student 12
1
Student 13 1
1 Student 14
1 Student 15
1 1
Student 16 1
1 Student 17
1 1
Student 18 1
Student 19 1
Student 20 1
1 Student 21
1 Student 22
1 1
Student 23 1
Student 24 1
1 1
Student 25 1
1 Student 26
Student 27 1
1 Student 28
1 Student 29
Student 30 Student 31
1 1
Student 32 1
1 Student 33
1 1
Student 34 1
Student 35 1
1 Student 36
2 1
1 Student 37
1 1
1 Student 38
Student 39 1
1 Student 40
1 Student 41
1 Student 42
1 Student 43
1 Student 44
1 1
1
Total 19 errors
16 errors 13 errors
28 errors Total of errors
76 errors Percentages of students’ errors:
A. Simple Present Tense : 19 X 100 = 25
76 B.
Simple Past Tense : 16 X 100 = 21,1
76 C.
Simple Future Tense : 13 X 100 = 17,1
76 D.
Present Perfect Tense : 28 X 100 = 36,1
76
Table 3.46 Frequency of Students’ error in Writing
No. Tenses Area
Frequency of Error Percentage
1. Simple Present Tense
19 25
2. Simple Past Tense
16 21,1
3. Future Tense
13 17,1
4. Present Perfect Tense
28 36,1
Based on the table of students’ errors in writing, it can be stated that: 1. Total errors of simple present tense are 19 on percentage 25
2. Total errors of simple past tense are 16 on percentage 21,1 3. Total errors of future tense are 13 on percentage 17,1
4. Total errors of present perfect tense are 28 on percentage 36,1
2. Data Analysis
Kategori