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CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
A. Place and Time of the Study
This research was conducted on March 6
th
2014 until March 22
nd
2014. The research took place in SMA Negeri 63 Jakarta that is located in AMD
Manunggal street V number 57, North Petukangan, South Jakarta.
B. Population and Sample
The population of this research was the whole students of eleventh grade students of SMA Negeri 63 Jakarta. There are six classes that consist of four
social science classes and two of science classes. Purposeful sampling was used to take the sample. McMillan stated that, “Purposeful sampling refers the selecting
particular elements from the population that will be representative or informative about the topic of the interest.
1
The classes chosen were XI Social 4 as the experimental class and XI Social 3 as the controlled class. Each class consists of
40 students so the total of the sample was 80 students.
C. Method of the Research
In this research, a quasi-experimental method was employed. The method of this research was a quasi-experimental research.
There were two different classes as the objects of the research and it was taught by different methods. Jigsaw technique was used in the experimental class
while Grammar-Translation Method was used in the controlled class. Before applying the treatment, the students in experimental and controlled
class were given a pre-test. It aimed to know if those two classes in experimental and controlled class have the same knowledge. At the end of the research, a post-
test was taken by the students in two classes and the achievement of the students
1
James H. McMillan, Sally Schumacer, Research in Education Evidence Based Inquiry 5
th
Edition, Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 2006, p. 24.
was compared. The comparison used to find out which class that had higher score from experimental and controlled class.
D.
Instrument of the Research
Test was the instrument used in collecting the data. The test was used to find out if there is an effectiveness of using jigsaw technique towards
students‟ reading ability on narrative text. The test was given in the beginning and in the
end of the treatments. The test consists of two narrative texts and 25 questions in the multiple choice form. The indicators of the questions are to find out
informations, generic structures, word reference, meaning, and messages from the narrative text.
E.
Validity Internal Control
The instrument used in this research was a test. Before this instrument was applied to the students as the sample of this research, this instrument was tested to
another students in the different school in the same grade. This step was needed to see the validity of this instrument before it would be applied to the sample of
research. The instrument that was firstly used for both pre-test and post-test
consisted of 40 numbers in the form of multiple choice test. The test was being tested to the eleventh grade of social science students of SMA Negeri 86 Jakarta
in the year of study 20132014. The instrument was given to the students in different school with the sample of the research in the same grade. The aim of the
test was given to the students in different school was to find out the validity of each question made.
The analysis of this instrument was done to see the validity using the formula of item analysis in test. The validity could be seen from the result of
calculation in index of difficulty ID and discriminating power DP of each answer of question.
Table 3.1 Index of Difficulty
ID
VE = Very Easy 0.80
ME = Moderately Easy 0.71 - 0.80
MeDi = Medium Difficult 0.51 - 0.70
MoDi = Moderately Difficult 0.31 - 0.50
VeDi = Very Difficult 0.00 - 0.30
Table 3.2
Discriminating Power
DP
E = Excellent 1.0 - 0.40
G = Good 0.30 - 0.39
M = Mediocre 0.20 - 0.29
P = Poor 0.00 - 0.19
W= Worst -0.01
After the the calculation of this test, there were only 16 numbers of questions which were valid to be used as the pre-test and post-test of this research.
In order to make the questions easier to be calculated, 9 invalid questions were revised. There are 25 questions eliminated from this test. So, the final pre-test and
post-test used in this research was a test that consisted of 25 numbers of multiple choice about narrative text.
F. Technique of Data Collection
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