a sequence of teacher instruction, team practice, team pre-assessments, and quiz. Students do not take the quiz until their teammates have determined that
they are ready. c. TAI Team Accelerated Instruction
This kind of cooperative learning shares with STAD and TGT the use of four- member mixed ability learning teams and certificates for high-performing
teams. TAI also combines cooperative learning with individualized instruction.
d. TGT Teams – Games – Tournaments
TGT was originally developed by David DeVries and Keith Edwards and it uses the same teacher presentations and team work as in STAD but replaces
the quizzes with weekly tournaments, in which students play academic games with members of other teams to contribute points to their team scores.
e. Jigsaw Technique In jigsaw technique, students work in the same four-member, heterogenous
teams as in STAD and TGT. The students are assigned chapters, short books, or other materials to read. Each team is randomly assigned to become an
“expert” on some aspect of the reading assignment.
3. The Understanding of Jigsaw Technique
Jigsaw is one of the techniques used in cooperative learning. Jigsaw technique was first developed by Elliot Aronson in response to students‟
socialization problems in desegregated schools in the 1970s.
23
Jigsaw has been used more than 30 years in U.S classrooms at all levels of schooling, including
colleges and universities. The original intent of jigsaw technique is to provide children from diverse backgrounds the opportunity to work effectively and
interpendently with one another. Jigsaw may be one of the most effective ways to observe,
record, and assess students‟ improvement in some skills. Jigsaw also teaches students to be independent as they are given an assignment or puzzle to
23
Jeanine M. Dell‟Olio, Models of Teaching, New Delhi: Sage Publications, 2007, p. 266.
solve.
24
The assignment is broken down into some small parts then students are assigned to discuss and to report the result of the discussion at the end of the
jigsaw technique process. One of the Aronson‟s objectives stated in Models of Teaching by Jeanine
M. Dell‟Olio, when he developed jigsaw technique was to provide opportunities for students from different races and cultures to work together to understand and
master their school studies. Another objective was to engender students‟ appreciation fot the unique gifts and talents of the diverse individuals in their
classrooms. Jigsaw proved to be effective in achieving both these objectives.
25
The importance of working or discussing of a material with friends in groups home and expert group is very essential because each student is responsible for
learning a portion of the material. Berkeley-Wykes on the journal of Journal of Education College, Helwan University defines that the jigsaw technique in
reading as the technique in which a reading text is cut into segments and the task of the students is to restore it to its proper order to make sense of the text.
26
The implementation of jigsaw technique in teaching reading is to break down the
material into segments and what students should do is restore it to its proper order as the result of learning by using jigsaw technique.
Jigsaw is a cooperative learning strategy that helps to build comprehension, and improve listening, communication, and problem-solving
skills. This strategy is best to use when there is a large amount of text for students to read.
27
From the statements above, the writer conluded jigsaw as a technique that is used in the classroom to build peers interaction and help to build problem-
solving skills.
24
Donald R. Cruickshank, The Act of Teaching, New York: The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2006, p. 240.
25
Jeanine M. Dell‟Olio, Models of Teaching, New Delhi: Sage Publications, 2007, p.
267.
26
Mohammed Farouk, The Effect of Using the Jigsaw Reading Technique on the EFL Preservice Teachers’ Reading Anxiety and Comprehension, Journal of Education College,
Helwan University, 2001, p. 4.
27
Connecticut After School Network, Literacy Strategies After School: A Teaching and Learning Strategies Guide, Branford: CTA Network, 2013, p. 73.
4. The Stages in Jigsaw Implementation
