ANALYSIS, DESCRIPTION AND FINDING

CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS, DESCRIPTION AND FINDING

4.1 DATA ANALYSIS After reading both the original text that is written in English SL and the translation in Bahasa Indonesia TL, it is figured out that there are 54 words and 62 phrases considered as slang found in source text. One of the aims of this research is to find some strategies dominantly used by the translator in translating slang both in words and phrases form in James. W. Ellison’s novel “Akeelah and the Bee”. The strategies suggested by Mona Baker to overcome the problem in doing translation of slang at word level 1992:28-42 are: 1 Translation by a more general word. 2 Translation by a more neutralless expressive word. 3 Translation by cultural substitution. 4 Translation using a loan word or loan word plus explanation. 5 Translation by paraphrase using a related word. 6 Translation by paraphrase using unrelated words. 7 Translation by omission. Baker also offers several different strategies in solving the problem of non equivalence translation in doing translation of slang in level of phrases above word level. The strategies suggested by Mona Baker 1992:72-77 are: 1 Translation by using idiomcollocation of similar meaning. 2 Translation by changing meaning. 3 Translation by paraphrase 4 Translation by omission. The tables below would show the identification of data from each strategy based on level of semantic; at word level and at above word level phrases. Universitas Sumatera Utara Universitas Sumatera Utara NO DATA SOURCE TEXT TARGET TEXT EQUIVALENCE TRANSLATION STRATEGIES 1 Nope – they’re all wrong. Page 7 line 9 Bukan – semua itu keliru Page 9 line 9 Translation by more general word Explanation of slang term: Nope: interjection No; now become colloquial. Lighter, 1994 2. “you’re crazy, girl, plain loco, talking to your self this way page 7 line 12 kau cewek gila, asli edan, bicara pada dirimu sendiri seperti ini. page 9 line 12 Translation by cultural substitution Explanation of slang term: Loco: adj mad, crazy. Thorn, 2007 3. …, but why would she put herself I the position of being he school nerd - a freak for other to stick pins it page 14 line 16 …, tapi kenapa ia menempatkan dirinya sebagai anak brengsek disekolah – yang menyebabkannya suka diganggu – ganggu oleh teman temannya? page 17 line 6 Translation by omission Explanation of slang term: Freak: n an enthusiast, devotee. A freak also refers to a person who is markedly or offensively eccentric in address or behavior. Lighter, 1994 4 This neighborhood is Wack page15 line 11 Tempat ini gila. page 18 line 1 Translation by more general word Explanation of slang term: Wack: adj inferior, worthless, unpleasant. Thorn, 2007 5 Girl, you always trippin. page 15 line 15 Nak, kamu selalu tersandung ya page 18 line 4 Translation by paraphrase using unrelated word Explanation of slang term: Trippin: vb When someone is overreacting of somethingnothing small. Source: Urbandictionary.com 6 ”dang” Georgia said page 15 line 21 ”Memuakkan” kata Georgia. page 18 line 9 Translation by paraphrase using a related word Explanation of slang term: Dang: A variation of the ever-popular damn. Dang also used to show great frustration or annoyance or to reinforceexclaim a point. Source: Urbandictionary.com 7 Derick T new ride is tight page 15 line 22 Mobil baru Derrick T keren page 18 line 9 Translation by more general word Explanation of slang term: Ride: n A vehicle or mode of transportation. Usually belongs to someone else. Source: Urbandictionary.com 8 Derick T new ride is tight page 15 line 22 Mobil baru Derrick T keren page 18 line 9 Translation by paraphrase using a related word Universitas Sumatera Utara Table 1.1 Table of Data Identification – Slang in Word Form Universitas Sumatera Utara Explanation of slang term: Tight: adj describes something particularly enjoyable or awesome. Source: Urbandictionary.com 9 He’s always trippin page 16 line 4 Dia selalu keren. page 18 line 14 Translation by paraphrase using unrelated word Explanation of slang term: Trippin: vb When someone is overreacting of somethingnothing small. Source: Urbandictionary.com 10 What did cross face want? page 16 line 8 Apa yang dimauin bu cross dengan wajah yang seperti itu darimu? page 18 line 17 Translation by paraphrase using unrelated word Explanation of slang term: Face: An awesome word that can be substituted for any other word in the English language. Source: Urbandictionary.com 11 Just a whole rap about some stupid spelling bee. page 16 line 9 Hanya bicara soal lomba eja bodoh itu. page 18 line 20 Translation by paraphrase using a related word Explanation of slang term: Rap: 1. a conversation, especially an earnest andor lengthy discussion. 2. a rhythmic spoken chant, often to a musical background. 3. An accusation or charge, blame or punishment. Thorn, 2007 12. Like I’m some freakin’ spelling genius page 16 line 10 Kayak aku ini super jago ngeja aja. page 18 line 20 Translation by paraphrase using unrelated word Explanation of slang term: Freaking: adj an intensifying adjective, a euphemism for fucking Thorn, 2007 13 Nah… page 16 line 12 Gak lah. page 19 line 2 Translation by paraphrase using a related word Explanation of slang term: Nah: the way to say No. Source: Urbandictionary.com 14 You ace those tests. page 16 line 13 Kamu bisa mengerjakan semua test page 19 line 4 Translation by more neutralless expressive word. Explanation of slang term: Ace: Ace: quite satisfactory; fine; tops. 2. in a position of friendship and influent. Lighter, 1994 15. It makes you a pest page 18 line 4 Kamu memang pengacau page 21 line 7 Translation by more neutralless expressive word. Explanation of slang term: Pest: abbreviation of pesterous adj Caribbean irritating, troublesome. Thorn, 2007 16 Well, whoop – de – doo page 18 line 9 Memangnya kenapa? page 21 line 11 Translation by paraphrase using unrelated word. Universitas Sumatera Utara Universitas Sumatera Utara Explanation of slang term: whoop – de – doo: noisy celebration; fully fuss Lighter, 1994 17 Give me some sugar page 20 line 6 Kasi aku gula page 23 line 13 Translation by paraphrase using unrelated word. Explanation of slang term: Sugar: another word for kiss. 2. An expression of love. Source: Urbandictionary.com 18 Dang, that’s a lot of money page 22 line 11 Ampun Itu kan uang banyak banget page 25 line 16 Translation by more general word. Explanation of slang term: Dang: A variation of the ever-popular damn. Dang also used to show great frustration or annoyance or to reinforceexclaim a point. Source: Urbandictionary.com 19 Naw, Mr. Welch page 29 line 15 Tidak Pak Welch. page 34 line 1 Translation by more general word. Explanation of slang term: Naw: the way to say No. Source: Urbandictionary.com 20 I aint down for no spelling bee page 29 line 16 Saya tidak mungkin ikut lomba mengeja. page 34 line 2 Translation by paraphrase using unrelated word. Explanation of slang term: Down: 1.To be With It or in the know how, knowledgeable about something, or to give respectrecognition to something. 2. To be keen for something. 3. To be friends with someone or to spend time with them. Source: Urbandictionary.com 21 Every body’s gonna look at me, the weirdo who spells words page 37 line 26 Semua orang akan menatapku, orang aneh yang mengeja kata kata page 42 line 7 Translation by paraphrase using a related word Explanation of slang term: weirdo n a strange, non-conformist, eccentric, repellent person. Thorn, 2007 22 Crummy education page 38 line 12 Pendidikan yg tak memadai page 42 line 19 Translation by more general word. Explanation of slang term: crummy, crumby adj dilapidated, dirty, worthless. Thorn, 2007 23 “Man…” Akeelah said aloud page 42 line 21 ”Ampun..” teriak akeelah page 47 line 6 Translation by more neutralless expressive word. Explanation of slang term: Man: 1. one’s very good male friend; a man that the speaker respect highly. 2. an authoritative or controlling person or group. 3. use as an interjection to indicate amazement, excitement, anger, disappointment, frustration, and etc. Lighter, 1994 24 She need to chill page 43 line 8 Ibu perlu tenang. page 47 line 16 Translation by more general word. Explanation of slang term: Chill: relax, and stop doing something. Source: Urbandictionary.com Universitas Sumatera Utara Universitas Sumatera Utara 25 Derrick t is the man page 43 line 24 Derrick t itu top. page 48 line 10 Translation by more neutralless expressive word Explanation of slang term: Man: 1. one’s very good male friend; a man that the speaker respect highly. 2. An authoritative or controlling person or group. 3. use as an interjection to indicate amazement, excitement, anger, disappointment, frustration, and etc. Lighter, 1994 26 Don’t be rankin on him page 43 line 25 Jangan nyalah nyalahin dia deh. page 48 line 11 Translation by paraphrase using a related word Explanation of slang term: Rankin: rank on someone vb to insult, taunt or provoke. Thorn, 2007 27 Yup page 52 line 18 Ya dong. page 57 line 22 Translation by paraphrase using a related word Explanation of slang term: Yup: affirmation = Yes. Lighter, 1994 28 That’d be cool page 55 line 6 Boleh boleh. page 60 line 12 Translation by more general word. Explanation of slang term: Cool: means 1. Awesome, popular, nice; like in a social hierarchy. 2. Wicked new England style, NOT evil= wicked 3. Good or great. Source: Urbandictionary.com 29 I second that, ” Mr. Welch said page 63 line 16 “Saya setuju untuk hal itu.” Ujar pak Welch page 70 line 1 Translation by paraphrase using unrelated word Explanation of slang term: Second: A length of time that is very-under-exaggerated. Source: Urbandictionary.com 30 He’s jerk page 68 line 25 Dia itu brengsek. page 75 line 2 Translation by more general word. Explanation of slang term: Jerk: a foolish, despicable or obnoxious person.Thorn, 2007 31 ”That really sucks,” Polly said page 69 line 22 ”Brengsek banget,” kata Polly. page 76 line 1 Translation by paraphrase using a related word Explanation of slang term: suck vb to be repellent, inferior or worthless. An extremely common term of strong disparagement or denigration in American English. Thorn, 2007 32 Don’t kid yourself page 70 line 14 Jangan meledek diri sendiri. page 76 line 21 Translation by more general word Explanation of slang term: Kid: 1. joke, fool, and tease. 2. An online games term that often used to insult anothers skill or playing style. Source: Urbandictionary.com Nah page 70 line 21 Gak. page 77 line 4 Translation by more neutralless expressive word. 34 Nine a.m sharp page 80 line 2 Pukul sembilan tepat. page 87 line 16 Translation by more general word Universitas Sumatera Utara Universitas Sumatera Utara Explanation of slang term: Sharp: on the exact minute in reference to meeting at a specific point in time. Source: Urbandictionary.com 35 Mama’d trip if she knew I borrowed the car from Maurice page 80 line 10 Ibu akan murka kalau tau aku meminjam mobil dari Maurice. page 87 line 24 Translation by more neutralless expressive word Explanation of slang term: Trip: used figuratively in a way that is very often used to describe things those are crazy. 2. To overreact or to lose your control. Source: Urbandictionary.com 36 That’s some crib girl page 80 line 22 Asik banget tuh rumah. page 88 line 10 Translation by more general word Explanation of slang term: Crib: A persons place of residence. Source: Urbandictionary.com 37 For a whooping… eighty two big ones page 85 line 16 Untuk nilai delapan puluh dua. page 93 line 10 Translation by omission Explanation of slang term: Whooping: an exclamation of joy and approval; Hurray Lighter, 1994 38 Shazam… page 86 line 4 Simsalabim.. page 94 line 2 Translation by cultural substitution Explanation of slang term: Shazam: an exclamation to put emphasis on an extraordinary action. Source: Urbandictionary.com 39 Yowza page 87 line 9 Kereen page 95 line 4 Translation by more neutralless expressive word Explanation of slang term: Yowza: An exclamation of surprise or sudden pleasure. Source: Urbandictionary.com 40 Hoo ya page 87 line 22 Hebat. page 95 line 18 Translation by more neutralless expressive word Explanation of slang term: Hoo Yaa: used after a good expression; to agree with someone. Source: Urbandictionary.com 41 Forever trippin,’ that’s you page 88 line 19 Selalu keren, itulah kamu. page 96 line 16 Translation by paraphrase using unrelated word Explanation of slang term: Trippin: vb When someone is overreacting of something nothing small. Source: Urbandictionary.com 42 Y’know I’ve been buggin… page 117 line 7 Begini, saya selama ini memohon mohon... page 135 line 13 Translation by paraphrase using unrelated word Explanation of slang term: bug vb to irritate or annoy. Thorn, 2007 43 Girl, you are trippin. page 117 line 12 Hei... ga salah tuh. page 135 line 18 Translation by paraphrase using unrelated word Universitas Sumatera Utara Universitas Sumatera Utara Explanation of slang term: Trippin: vb When someone is overreacting of somethingnothing small. Source: Urbandictionary.com 44 Whatevah page 135 line 11 Tersuueerahh. page 153 line 13 Translation by more general word Explanation of slang term: Whatevah: comes from word “whatever” means any or every; anything or everything. Source: Urbandictionary.com 45 You was very pro page 135 line 19 Kamu pro banget. page 153 line 22 Translation by a loan word or loan word plus explanation. Explanation of slang term: Pro: abbreviation of Professional. 2. Awesome. Source: Urbandictionary.com 46 Shut up, Dawg page 136 line 3 Diam kamu. page 154 line 10 Translation by more general word Explanation of slang term: Dawg: n.1. Slang for my close acquaintance of an African-American ethnic background a friend. 2. Word to be used in place of a name, or other personal noun or pronoun to be used in place of a name. 3. Another meaningless piece of that hideous massacre of the English language they call ebonics. Source: Urbandictionary.com 47 You are nerd Akeelah.page 137 line 18 Kamu itu kuno, Akeela. page 156 line 3 Translation by more general word Explanation of slang term: Nerd n a gormless, vacuous, tedious andor ineffectual person. Thorn, 2007 48 “You cool with that?” page 139 line 13 Kamu setuju aja kan? page 157 line 23 Translation by more general word Explanation of slang term: Cool: means 1. Awesome, popular, nice, good or great 2. Okay with each other, not mean to each other. Source: Urbandictionary.com 49 If only she could get Steve off the Booze and Derrick T off from drugs… page 139 line19 Kalau saja ia dapat membebaskan steve dari minuman dan Derrick T dari narkoba… page 157 line 29 Translation by more general word Explanation of slang term: Booze: An alcoholic beverage, specifically any type of beer. Source: Urbandictionary.com 50 … I can always get a license to drive one of these babies page152 line1 Aku bisa tetap mendapat surat ijin mengemudi salah satu mobil hebat ini. page 170 line 5 Translation by paraphrase using unrelated word Explanation of slang term: Babies: babe, babes, baby n a. a sweetheart, and lover. b. in the form a ‘babe’, an attractive female. Thorn, 2007 51 “Yuck,” Javier said page 154 line 21 Yak page 173 line 2 Translation by a loan word or loan word plus explanation. Explanation of slang term: Yuck: 1. something or someone disgusting 2. an Universitas Sumatera Utara Table 1.2 Table of Data Identification – Slang in Phrase Form NO DATA SOURCE TEXT TARGET TEXT EQUIVALENCE TRANSLATION STRATEGIES 1 …, but why would she put herself I the position of being he school nerd - a freak for other to stick pins it page 14 line 16 …, tapi kenapa ia menempatkan dirinya sebagai anak brengsek disekolah – yang menyebabkannya suka diganggu – ganggu oleh teman temannya? page 17 line 6 Translation by omission Explanation of slang term: School nerd n a gormless, vacuous, tedious andor ineffectual Person in the school. Thorn, 2007 2 “All that hush hush stuff.” Page 16 Line 10 Semua bisik bisik rahasia itu. page 18 line 18 By using an Idiom of similar meaning and form Explanation of slang term: hush hush stuff: secret, confidential thing. Source: Urbandictionary.com 3 Shake it Page 18 Line 12 Ayo makan. page 21 line 14 Translation by using an idiom of similar meaning but dissimilar form Explanation of slang term: shake it: To Bounce or leave to go somewhere. Source: Urbandictionary.com 4 Apple of her eye Page 18 Line 19 Jantung hatinya. . page 21 line 21 Translation by using an idiom of similar meaning but alternative spelling of yuk. Thorn, 2007 52 They are in a groove page 177 line 13 Mereka sudah terbiasa. page 197 line 6 Translation by more neutralless expressive word Explanation of slang term: Groove: v 1. To enjoy oneself inten Lighter, 1994 53 Is your dad as Goofy – funny as you are?” she said. page 82 line 25 Apakah ayahmu sama lucunya denganmu?” tanyanya. Page 90 line 11 Translation by omission Explanation of slang term: Goofy: adj stupid or crazy; silly; infatuated; hence Gazed. Lighter, 1994 54 Military chow does not cut it.” page 19 line 12 Makanan militer ga enak. page 22 line 16 Translation by more general word Explanation of slang term: Chow: food; provision; mealtime. Lighter, 1994 Universitas Sumatera Utara dissimilar form Explanation of slang term: apple of my eye: a person much adored or doted on, loved, held dearly, and central to the admirers affections and sensitivities Source: Urbandictionary.com 5 Military chow does not cut it.” page 19 line 12 Makanan militer ga enak. page 22 line 16 Translation by using an idiom of similar meaning but dissimilar form Explanation of slang term: cut it vb to succeed, manage. Thorn, 2007 6 Don’t get smart young lady. page 19 line 19 Ga usah sok pandai nak. page 22 line 25 Translation by using an idiom of similar meaning but dissimilar form Explanation of slang term: get smart: to become fresh with someone; to talk back to someone. Spears, 2000 7 Somebody to step’n’ fetch for him page 19 line 27 Ia jadi pesuruhnya. page 23 line 7 Translation of paraphrase Explanation of slang term: step’n’ fetch: a lame man; one with one leg shorter than the other. Maitland, 2010 8 You’re always pullin down A’s page 25 line 19 Kamu selalu dapat nilai A. page 30 line 2 By using an Idiom of similar meaning and form Explanation of slang term: pullin down something: to earn a stated amount of things values, money, and etc. Spears, 2000 9 “She holdin’s us up,” Myrna said page 26 line 15 “Dia menahan kami, ” kata Myrna. page 30 line 19 By using an Idiom of similar meaning and form Explanation of slang term: Holdin’s us up: a person who delay another man, cause somebody to be late. Source: Urbandictionary.com 10 The black girls from Crenshaw thinkin she can spell with those rich white brainiacs page 38 line1 Gadis kulit hitan dari Crenshaw ini dia pikir bisa mengeja bareng orang orang jenius kulit putih yang kaya itu. page 42 line 9 By using an Idiom of similar meaning and form Explanation of slang term: White brainiacs: a know-it-all or very intelligent person usually dedicated for white people that was designed by black people. Source: Urbandictionary.com 11 Is this just a foolish, stupid pipe dream? page 43 line 5 Ini hanya sebuah angan – angan bodoh, bego? page 46 line 14 Translation by using an idiom of similar meaning but dissimilar form Universitas Sumatera Utara Explanation of slang term: Pipe Dream: A vain dream that will never happen, given the harsh reality of life. Source: Urbandictionary.com 12 I don’t wanna be up onstage lookin like the Patchwork Girl of Oz page 42 line 13 Saya ga mau berada diatas panggung sana tampak seperti gadis berpakaian rombeng. page 46 line 22 Translation by using an idiom of similar meaning but dissimilar form Explanation of slang term: Patchwork Girl of Oz: an expression to describe discarded waste material, worthless or sell to be reused as parts; junk. Source: TheFreeDictionary.com 13 Sound like a bunch of show offs page 42 line 22 Kayak orang orang yang suka pamer aja. page 47 line 7 By using an Idiom of similar meaning and form Explanation of slang term: a bunch of show offs: a group of people who behave in an ostentatiously skilled and assured way in order to impress another. Maitland, 2010 14 ”Wass at?” he said, nodding his head at the tv. page 43 line 2 ”Apaan tuh?” ujarnya, menganggukkan kepalanya ke arah TV. page 47 line 10 By using an Idiom of similar meaning and form Explanation of slang term: wassat? : A combination of two words, namely whats and that. A lazy, slang way to ask the question Whats that? Source: Urbandictionary.com 15 ”mama worried out of her mind.” page 43 line 6 ”Ibu sangat amat khawatir.” page 47 line 14 Translation of paraphrase Explanation of slang term: out of mind: not thinking logically, crazy. Source: Urbandictionary.com 16 ”Watchu lookin at?” page 43 line 9 Kamu nonton apa? page 47 line 16 Translation of paraphrase Explanation of slang term: watchu lookin at? : an expression for nosy people; come from what are you looking at? Source: Urbandictionary.com 17 You goin up against a bunch rich white kids. page 43 line12 Kamu mau bertarung dengan gerombolan anak kulit putih kaya raya. page 47 line 18 By using an Idiom of similar meaning and form Explanation of slang term: go up against: to compete with someone; to face someone in competition. Spears, 2000 18 They gonna tear yo black butt up is what gonna happen. page 43 line 13 Mereka bakal menghancurkanmu, itulah yang akan kejadian. page 48 line 1 By using an Idiom of similar meaning and form Explanation of slang term: tear yo black butt up: 1 to rip someone or something to Universitas Sumatera Utara pieces. 2. To cause someone much grief. Spears, 2000 19 He’s bad news. page 43 line 20 Dia itu ga ada bagus bagusnya. page 48 line 8 Translation by using an idiom of similar meaning but dissimilar form Explanation of slang term: Bad news: a dangerous or disastrous person, thing, and situation. Source: Historical dictionary of American Slang 20 ”In fact, it’s a little smart alecky.” page 45 line 10 ”Malah, agak sok pandai.” page 49 line 21 Translation by using an idiom of similar meaning but dissimilar form Explanation of slang term: smart alecky: is adjective of smart aleck means someone who is saucy and acts cocky. Spears, 2000 21 Do me a favor and leave the ghetto talk on the street. page 46 line 15 Tolong ya, jangan bawa bawa omongan kampungan ke sini. page 51 line 8 Translation by using an idiom of similar meaning but dissimilar form Explanation of slang term: Ghetto talk: cheap, of poor quality, in poor taste, old, broken down language. The term is not racist, but is primarily in use among white adolescents. Thorn, 2007 22 ”Scuse me?” page 47 line 16 “Maap? “ page 52 line 12 By using an Idiom of similar meaning and form Explanation of slang term: scuse me: The shorted ill-tempered short-mannered way of saying, excuse me.” Source: Urbandictionary.com 23 I’m gettin mad lucky. page 56 line 10 Aku ini untung banget. page 61 line 14 By using an Idiom of similar meaning and form Explanation of slang term: Mad Lucky: have a great fortune. Lighter, 1994 24 It’s my way or high way terrence, and you better believe that I’m dead serious.” page 64 line 14 Ikut caraku atau cara jalanan terrence, dan sebaiknya kau percaya bahwa kau serius dengan kata kataku. page 70 line 15 By using an Idiom of similar meaning and form Explanation of slang term: Highway: 1. A place where people and squirrels and lots of other animals get killed. 2. A very fast going road. Source: Urbandictionary.com 25 It’s my way or high way terrence, and you better believe that I’m dead serious.” page 64 line 14 Ikut caraku atau cara jalanan terrence, dan sebaiknya kau percaya bahwa kau serius dengan kata kataku. page 70 line 15 By using an Idiom of similar meaning and form Explanation of slang term: Dead Serious: To be completely serious; not joking. Source: Urbandictionary.com Universitas Sumatera Utara 26 Chill out, will ya? page 64 line 17 Tenang, dong? page 70 line 18 By using an Idiom of similar meaning and form Explanation of slang term: Chill out: Shut up, relax, and calm down. Source: Urbandictionary.com 27 The cut,” Akeelah said. page 65 line 1 ”Tempat kami pergi itu,” ujar akeelah. page 71 line 3 Translation of paraphrase Explanation of slang term: the cut: describing the awesomeness of a person, place, event or thing. Source: Urbandictionary.com 28 Big time. page 70 line 18 Sangat betul. page 77 line 1 Translation of paraphrase Explanation of slang term: Big Time: 1. Usually used at the end of a statement, summing up the subjects extremity. 2. Used to describe something that is definitely going to happen, or has already happened that had a big impact, or even a small impact. Source: Urbandictionary.com 29 I can’t be Traipsing off to no valley on the whim. page 72 line 18 Ibu gak bisa keluyuran ke Valley berlagak lagak. page 78 line 26 Translation by using an idiom of similar meaning but dissimilar form Explanation of slang term: traipsing off: A type of physical movement similar to walking but involving large amounts of gay. Source: Urbandictionary.com 30 So if this spelling thing means sneakin off to the suburb by yourself, then you can forget about it. page 72 line 28 Jadi jika soal mengeja ini artinya menyelinap sendirian ke pinggir kota, kamu harus melupakan itu. page72 line 8 By using an Idiom of similar meaning and form Explanation of slang term: sneaking off: moving around quietly and sneakily. Source: Urbandictionary.com 31 Not if you Flunk out of school you are not. page 73 line 9 Tidak usah aja kalau kau gagal disekolah. page 72 line 16 By using an Idiom of similar meaning and form Explanation of slang term: Flunk out: student who has failed a course or been expelled for; academic failure. Lighter, 1994 32 I’ve seen It chew kids up and spit them out page 79 line 18 Aku sudah menyaksikan bagaimana anak anak itu dihabisi. page 86 line 29 By using an Idiom of similar meaning and form Explanation of slang term: chew up and spit out: to treat savagely, destroy utterly. Lighter, 1994 33 These folks must Yang punya pasti tajir Translation by using Universitas Sumatera Utara be filthy rich page 80 line 23 banget. page 88 line 12 an idiom of similar meaning but dissimilar form Explanation of slang term: filthy rich: to have an abundance of money and wealth. Source: Urbandictionary.com 34 We want to make sure this game’s on the up and up. page 84 line 17 Kami ingin memastikan permainan ini berhasil. page 92 line 9 Translation of paraphrase Explanation of slang term: up and up: Getting better, actively rising above, coming in to your own, living large and getting larger. Source: Urbandictionary.com 35 I’m your host, Javier ”the dude” Mendez, a k a the birthday boy. page 84 line 24 Saya pembawa acara, Javier “the Ganteng” Mendez, yang merayakan ulang tahun. page 92 line 14 Translation by using an idiom of similar meaning but dissimilar form Explanation of slang term: dude: n a man. Thorn, 2007 36 ”Holy cannoli” Javier yelled out. page 85 line 11 ”Gila bener” teriak Javier. page 93 line 9 Translation by using an idiom of similar meaning but dissimilar form Explanation of slang term: holy cannoli: an expression that usually accompanies shock or excitement. Source: Urbandictionary.com 37 A Bingo right off the bat page 85 line 12 Semua huruf disikat habis page 93 line 10 Translation by using an idiom of similar meaning but dissimilar form Explanation of slang term: right off the bat: Instantly, immediately. Source: The American Heritage® Dictionary of Idioms 38 Them’s the break page106 line 19 - Translation by omission Explanation of slang term: Thems the breaks: Possibly short for that is the breakdown. It means thats just how it is. Source: Urbandictionary.com 39 It must be kinda wild page 118 line 1 Pasti gila banget. page 136 line 9 Translation of paraphrase Explanation of slang term: wild: out of control; amazingly out of this world; an unrestrainable amount of coolness; an adjective that means very. Source: Urbandictionary.com 40 Then, if you fail, well, at least you gave it your best shot page 119 line 7 Lalu, jika gagal, paling tidak kita sudah memberikan yang terbaik. page 137 line 14 Translation of paraphrase Explanation of slang term: best shot 1. n. a try at something by giving so much Universitas Sumatera Utara effort. Spears, 2000 41 Why you sound all bent outta shape? page 125 line 2 Kenapa kamu kayak lagi ga beres begitu? page 143 line 28 Translation of paraphrase Explanation of slang term: bent outta shape: comes from ‘bent out of shape’ that means agitated, upset. Source: Urbandictionary.com 42 When you’re with me and my friends, you talk one way - all down home and stuff. page 125 line 6 Ketika kamu bersama ku dan teman temanku, kamu bicara biasa. page 144 line 2 Translation by omission Explanation of slang term: down home adj American rustic, ethnic or agreeably simple and neighbourly. Thorn, 2007 43 Yo, dat girl’s dope page 126 line 15 Yoi, cewe itu hebat. page 145 line 12 By using an Idiom of similar meaning and form Explanation of slang term: Yo, dat girl’s dope: comes from ‘Yo, that girl is dope’ means an enthusiasm expression that show someone is really good, satisfying, or great. Source: Urbandictionary.com 44 She da best page 126 line 15 Dia yg terbaik. page 145 line 12 By using an Idiom of similar meaning and form Explanation of slang term: da best: comes from ‘the best’. Source: Urbandictionary.com 45 I’m sick of the whole thing page 128 line 9 Aku muak pada semua ini. page 146 line 9 By using an Idiom of similar meaning and form Explanation of slang term: sick of the whole thing: a phrase that one says when everything they try to do ends up in complete failure. Source: Urbandictionary.com 46 So why y’all punkin out on the spellin bee? page 135 line 1 Jadi kenapa kamu mau mundur dari lomba mengeja? page 153 line 3 Translation by using an idiom of similar meaning but dissimilar form Explanation of slang term: y’all punkin out you all punking out: someone who behave in a cowardly manner. Thorn, 2007 47 Suburban kids page 135 line 3 Bocah bocah tajir dari pinggiran kota. page 153 line 6 Translation by using an idiom of similar meaning but dissimilar form Explanation of slang term: Suburban kids: kids who have rich parents and living with no difficulties in getting money. Source: Urbandictionary.com 48 Since you was a little bitty thing page 138 line 11 Sejak masih aku kecil banget. page 156 line 20 Translation of paraphrase Universitas Sumatera Utara Explanation of slang term: a little bitty thing: A small amount or it can mean anything that you want it to mean. Source: Urbandictionary.com 49 Give me five,” he said. page 139 line 15 “Tos dulu dong,” katanya. page 157 line 26 By using an Idiom of similar meaning and form Explanation of slang term: give me a five: To hit the inside of someones hand with your hand to show that youre very pleased about something. Source: Urbandictionary.com 50 Aim high. page 150 line 7 Cita cita harus tinggi. page 168 line 11 By using an Idiom of similar meaning and form Explanation of slang term: aim high: A slogan or motto which can be changed to IM HIGH and then IM HIGH to try and get delinquent chives to aim higher in life. Source: Urbandictionary.com 51 No biggie. page 151 line 10 Ga pentinglah. page 169 line 19 Translation by using an idiom of similar meaning but dissimilar form Explanation of slang term: No Biggie: not something to worry about. Shortened from the phrase no big deal.” Source: Urbandictionary.com 52 Giving Mr. Watanabe a back rub. page 155 line 22 Memijat punggung pak watanabe page174 line 7 By using an Idiom of similar meaning and form Explanation of slang term: Back Rub: The process of rubbingmassaging someone’s back. Source: Urbandictionary.com 53 Sometimes it’s good to take a little rest, veg out a little right before the big event. page 156 line 14 Terkadang baik juga untuk sedikit beristirahat, bersantai sebentar sebelum peristiwa besar, ya kan? page 175 line 2 Translation of paraphrase Explanation of slang term: Veg out: to relax luxuriously and do nothing; vegetate. Lighter, 1994 54 Break two for a luck. page 158 line 20 Hentakkan dua kali demi keberuntungan. page 178 line 2 By using an Idiom of similar meaning and form Explanation of slang term: Break Two for a luck: good luck, have a good performance. Lighter, 1994 55 Wow, they really crank’ em out on the Left Coast, don’t they? page 166 line 2 Wow, mereka dari Pantai Timur benar benar menguasai, bukan begitu? page 185 line 10 Translation by using an idiom of similar meaning but dissimilar form Explanation of slang term: Crank’ em Out crank them out: to produce something; Universitas Sumatera Utara to make a lot of something. Spears, 2000 56 That suck out loud page 167 line 16 Itu sulit banget. page 187 line 3 Translation of paraphrase Explanation of slang term: sucks out loud is something in poor quality, does not satisfy somebody so much. Source: Urbandictionary.com 57 You’ve done a superb job. page 169 line 8 Kamu melakukan tugas luar biasa. page 188 line 21 Translation of paraphrase Explanation of slang term: superb job: Word used to describe something that is above the rest; elite. Something is good, excellent, and wonderful. Source: Urbandictionary.com 58 Almost had a brain lock Page 178 line 9 Nyaris aja otakku macet. page 198 line 10 Translation by using an idiom of similar meaning but dissimilar form Explanation of slang term: Brain Lock: a situation when you just can’t remember something that you know you knew hours or days ago. Source: Urbandictionary.com 59 Whew I just dodged the bullet page 179 line 8 Wuh Aku baru saja menghindari peluru. page 199 line 11 By using an Idiom of similar meaning and form Explanation of slang term: Whew I just dodged the bullet: To get yourself out of a sticky situation. A close call. Source: Urbandictionary.com 60 ”Go get ’em,” he whispered. page 179 line 9 Taklukan mereka page 199 line 12 Translation by using an idiom of similar meaning but dissimilar form Explanation of slang term: Go get ’em: make something or somebody be hurt, get hit or injured. Spears, 2000 61 They gonna tear yo black butt up is what gonna happen. page 43 line 13 Mereka bakal menghancurkanmu, itulah yang akan kejadian. page 48 line 1 Translation by omission Explanation of slang term: Black butt: the backside, buttocks. In the USA, butt is the most common colloquial term for this part of the body. Although slightly vulgar and generally the monopoly of male speakers, butt, unlike ass, is permissible in ‘polite society’ or broadcasts. 62 Bring it home page 181 line 3 Ambil piala itu pula. page 201 line 5 Translation by using an idiom of similar meaning but dissimilar form Explanation of slang term: bring it home: 1. A positive encouraging and motivating phrase to get to the punch line. 4. To return something to its rightful location. Source: Urbandictionary.com Universitas Sumatera Utara 4.2 DATA DESCRIPTION In analyzing both of words and phrases of slang, there are several strategies that handle problems of non equivalence occurred at different level Baker, 1992:28- 77. Baker 1992: 28 states that there are seven strategies used by translator in solving the problem of non equivalence in word level such as words or morphemes. Those are: 1 Translation by a more general word. 2 Translation by a more neutralless expressive word. 3 Translation by cultural substitution. 4 Translation using a loan word or loan word plus explanation. 5 Translation by paraphrase using a related word. 6 Translation by paraphrase using unrelated words. 7 Translation by omission. While at above word level such phrases, collocation, fix expression, and idiom, Baker 1992:72-77 gives four strategies, those are: 1 Translation by using idiomcollocation of similar meaning. 2 Translation by changing meaning. 3 Translation by paraphrase 4 Translation by omission. The findings data would be analyzed by those strategies based on the semantic level. Slang, as stated in Chapter II, has its own meaning that only the members of a society who use slang know its meaning. So in doing analysis, the writer used four slang dictionaries, and two peer-review-based online slang dictionary. The dictionaries and the online slang dictionary helped the writer to find out the definition of slang, because the writer properly needs the definition in determining and analyzing what the strategy used in translating the slang. Universitas Sumatera Utara

4.2.1 Strategies Used for Translating slang in word form

a. Translation by a more general word. This strategy is used by translator when the word in SL has no direct equivalence in TL. The translator uses a more general word superordinate to overcome a relative lack of specifity in TL compared to the SL. The following are some examples of the application of this strategy found in the data: 1 SL: This neighborhood is Wack page15 line 11 TL: Tempat ini gila. page 18 line 1 The slang word wack was translated into Bahasa Indonesia as gila. Wack according to Dictionary of Contemporary Slang Thorn, 2007 means inferior, worthless, unpleasant. In this case, the translator used gila as the equivalent word in representing wack itself. From this case, gila can be seen as an adjective of inferior, worthless or unpleasant. Gila could represent a kind of unpleasant situation or a worthless man. Gila is the translation that used a more general word that familiar with Bahasa Indonesia. 2 SL: She need to chill page 43 line 8 TL: Ibu perlu tenang. page 47 line 16 The definition of chill according to UrbanDictionary.com is relax, and stop doing something important. This slang word was translated into bahasa Indonesia as tenang. From this case, the translator used a more general word such tenang in defining chill. Tenang is an adjective means unchanged, doesn’t move or doesn’t nervous while relax, as the definition of chill means to rest while you are doing something enjoyable. Relax as the definition of chill can be seen as a situation which someonesomething Universitas Sumatera Utara doesn’t move, but tenang couldn’t present the specific meaning of relax itself. b. Translation by a more neutralless expressive word. In this strategy, translator usually uses the less expressive word in translating word because there is no direct equivalence exists. The following are some examples of the application of this strategy found in the data: 1 SL: You ace those tests. page 16 line 13 TL: Kamu bisa mengerjakan semua test page 19 line 4 The slang ace is translated into Bahasa Indonesia as bisa mengerjakan. The meaning of ace according to Historical dictionary of American Slang Lighter, 1994 is doing something quite satisfactory; fine; tops. Both of ace and bisa mengerjakan refer to a same meaning that is could do something well, but bisa mengerjakan is a less expressive words to present the meaning of ace, because ace has more expressive than bisa mengerjakan. 2 SL: Mama’d trip if she knew I borrowed the car from Maurice page 80 line 10 TL: Ibu akan murka kalau tau aku meminjam mobil dari Maurice. page 87 line 24 Trip is the English slang that is translated into Bahasa Indonesia as murka. Trip itself has a definition as figuratively in a way that is very often used to describe things those are crazy or to overreact or to lose your control urbandictionary.com. This definition is more expressive than murka itself. Even though trip and murka refers to similar Universitas Sumatera Utara meaning, it is anger, but trip got more expressive than anger in usual usage. c. Translation by cultural substitution This strategy is replacing a culture-specific item or expression with a target language item which does not have the same propositional meaning” Baker, 1992: 30. The main advantage of using this strategy is that it gives the reader a concept with which she can identify something familiar and appealing. The following are some examples of the application of this strategy found in the data: 1 SL: “you’re crazy, girl, plain loco, talking to your self this way page 7 line 12 TL: kau cewek gila, asli edan, bicara pada dirimu sendiri seperti ini. page 9 line 12 The slang loco in SL was translated into Bahasa Indonesia as edan. Loco means mad, crazy Thorn, 2007. The translator used edan as the equivalent word to describe loco. Edan itself is a Javanese word that also means mad or crazy. Even though edan is a traditional word, but it is familiar with the Indonesia readerspeaker. The using of edan word was giving the familiar effect to the reader of TL. 2 SL: Shazam… page 86 line 4 TL: Simsalabim.. page 94 line 2 Shazam is a slang that was translated into Bahasa Indonesia as Simsalabim. Shazam means an exclamation to put emphasis on an extraordinary action. Urbandictionary.com. Simsalabim is a word that is usually used by the magician in Indonesia, and this word is familiar for the Indonesian speaker. The use of Simsalabim increased the Universitas Sumatera Utara expressive meaning of Shazam in familiar and natural way for the TL reader. d. Translation by a loan word or loan word plus explanation. This strategy is particularly common when dealing with culture-specific items modern concepts, and buzz words. Similar to the strategy of cultural substitution, the freedom with which translator uses loan words will often depend on the norms of translation prevailing in their societies. The following are some examples of the application of this strategy found in the data 1 SL: You was very pro page 135 line 19 TL: Kamu pro banget. page 153 line 22 In this case, the translator translated the slang pro into Bahasa Indonesia as pro too. Pro is the abbreviation of Professional or awesome. Urbandictionary.com. the translator did not translate the slang word into bahasa Indonesia, but kept using the slang as the loan word. 2 SL: “Yuck,” Javier said page 154 line 21 TL: Yak page 173 line 2 Similar to the case above, Yuck in SL was translated into Bahasa Indonesia in the same way that is Yak. Yuck means something or someone disgusting Thorn, 2007. Yak in Bahasa Indonesia also presents the same meaning of yuck in SL. The difference of both words is the way of writing. Yak is a loan word that has been modified in Indonesia. e. Translation by paraphrase using a related word This strategy tends to be used when the concept expressed by the source item is lexicalized in the TL, but in a different form in order to be more familiar to TL Universitas Sumatera Utara reader. The following are some examples of the application of this strategy found in the data 1 SL: Don’t be rankin on him page 43 line 25 TL: Jangan nyalah nyalahin dia deh. page 48 line 11 Rankin in SL was translated into Bahasa Indonesia as nyalah nyalahin. In this case, the translator use colloquial phrases. Rankin means to insult, taunt or provoke Thorn, 2007. Insulting or provoke has an intention to blaming somebody or treat somebody badly. That why rankin translated into bahasa Indonesia by paraphrasing it into colloquial phrases such nyalah nyalahin. 2 SL: Every body’s gonna look at me, the weirdo who spells words page 37 line 26 TL: Semua orang akan menatapku, orang aneh yang mengeja kata kata page 42 line 7 In this case, the slang word weirdo was translated into Bahasa Indonesia as orang aneh. The meaning of weirdo itself is a strange, non- conformist, eccentric, repellent person Spears, 2000. According to its meaning, orang aneh is a phrase that related to it. Strange in Bahasa Indonesia means asing or aneh. The translator translated the slang by paraphrasing it using phrase that related to the meaning of weirdo. f. Translation by paraphrase using unrelated word If the concept expressed by the source item is not lexicalized at all in the TL, the paraphrase strategy is still used in some contexts. The paraphrase may be based on modifying a superordinate or simply on unpacking the meaning of the source item, particularly if the item in question is semantically complex. The main Universitas Sumatera Utara advantage of this strategy is that it achieves a high level of precision in specifying propositional meaning. The disadvantage of using this strategy is that paraphrase does not have the status of a lexical item and therefore cannot convey expressive, evoked, or any kind of associative meaning. The following are some examples of the application of this strategy found in the data 1 SL: Girl, you always trippin. page 15 line 15 TL: Nak, kamu selalu tersandung ya page 18 line 4 Trippin is the slang in SL that was translated into Bahasa Indonesia as tersandung. Tripping is a condition when someone is overreacting of somethingnothing small. Urbandictionary.com. according to the given definition, tersandung lexically doesn’t have a relation to tripping. Tersandung in bahasa Indonesia means fell off because of something. In this case, the translated word that the translator gave definitely did not convey the meaning of slang word itself. 2 SL: Well, whoop – de – doo page 18 line 9 TL: Memangnya kenapa? page 21 line 11 whoop – de – doo is a slang word means noisy celebration; fully fuss Lighter, 1994. In this case, whoop – de – doo was translated into Bahasa Indonesia to phrases, Memangnya kenapa? Based on the given definition of whoop – de – doo above, the phrases of Memangnya kenapa has no relation to the definition, but this phrase still has a relation to the context of source text. g. Translation by omission If the meaning conveyed by a particular item or expression is not vital enough to the development of the text to justify distracting the reader with lengthy Universitas Sumatera Utara explanation, translator can and often do simply omit translating the word or the expression in question. The following are some examples of the application of this strategy found in the data: 1 SL: …, but why would she put herself I the position of being he school nerd - a freak for other to stick pins it page 14 line 16 TL: …, tapi kenapa ia menempatkan dirinya sebagai anak brengsek disekolah – yang menyebabkannya suka diganggu – ganggu oleh teman temannya? page 17 line 6 In this case, freak in SL was omitted in TL. Freak means an enthusiast, devotee. A freak also refers to a person who is markedly or offensively eccentric in address or behavior Lighter, 1994. In the target text, the translator did not translate that slang and omitted it. 2 SL: For a whooping… eighty two big ones page 85 line 16 TL: Untuk nilai delapan puluh dua. page 93 line 10 Whooping is a slang word that was omitted in doing translation into bahasa Indonesia. Whooping is an exclamation of joy and approval; Hurray lighter, 1994. 4.2.2 Strategies Used for Translating slang in phrases form a. Translations by Using IdiomCollocation of Similar Meaning As stated in chapter two, this strategy is used when the translator finds no difficulties in finding the equivalence and serving the acceptable and natural translation by translating the original text word by word without any changes both in meaning and form. The following are some examples of the application of this strategy found in the data: Universitas Sumatera Utara 1 SL: “All that hush hush stuff.” Page 16 Line 10 TL: Semua bisik bisik rahasia itu. page 18 line 18 In this sentence, the slang phrase hush hush stuff was translated into bisik bisik rahasia. Here, the translator used phrase of the TL in similar meaning with the meaning of slang phrases itself. Hush hush stuff mean secret, confidential thing Urbandictionary.com. The translator did not need any adjustment in translating the slang phrases since he could find the direct and acceptable phrase in TL. 2 SL: “She holdin’s us up,” Myrna said page 26 line 15 TL: “Dia menahan kami, ” kata Myrna. page 30 line 19 The slang phrase in SL, Holdin’s up was translated into menahan in bahasa Indonesia. Holdin’s up means somebody who delay another man, make somebody to be late Urbandictionary.com. Based on the given definition, the translated phrases in Bahasa Indonesia menahan is suitable to the definition. Menahan is the direct equivalence word that are described the meaning of holdin up. The translator did not need any adjustment in translating holdin’s up. b. Translation by Using an idiom of similar meaning but dissimilar form It is often possible to find idiom or fixed expression in the TL which has a meaning similar to that of source idiom or expression, but which consist of different lexical item. 1 SL: He’s bad news. page 43 line 20 TL: Dia itu ga ada bagus bagusnya. page 48 line 8 Bad news is translated into bahasa indonesia as ga ada bagus bagusnya. Bad news has a definition as a dangerous or disastrous person, thing, Universitas Sumatera Utara and situation lighter, 1994. The phrases in TL is a colloquial phrases that has similar meaning with the definition of bad news. Ga ada bagus bagusnya in English means a person who has no good at all, always doing bad thing. In this case, the translator needs a change in form to translate the slang in order to be a more natural translation; if the translator used the definition of Bad news itself such orang yang berbahaya, doesn’t match with the context that the novel has created. However, the colloquial phrases ga ada bagus bagusnya is the most acceptable and natural phrases for target reader. 2 SL: These folks must be filthy rich page 80 line 23 TL: Yang punya pasti tajir banget. page 88 line 12 The slang filthy rich was translated into bahasa indonesia as tajir banget. Tajir banget is colloquial phrases that also means abundantly rich. Filthy rich itself has a definition as to have an abundance of money and wealth. Urbandictionary.com.The translator changed the form of text but it still keeps the similar meaning. The translator used the phrase tajir banget to emphasize the meaning of filthy rich itself. If the translator translated filthy rich into sangat kaya, the effect of expressive slang filthy reach will not be evoked. Tajir banget is a form of phrase which gave the same effect of the meaning in slang filthy rich. c. Translation of paraphrase Sometimes a professional translators paraphrase the source text collocation, especially if its idea is previously unexpressed in the target text. The paraphrasing strategy is used by the translator when the target language collocations cannot be rendered only by translating them into their similar meaning or changing form due to Universitas Sumatera Utara different patterning rules of the source language and the target language or the effort in serving natural translation. The slang found in source text has to be translated by giving explanation, adding new word to get the equivalences or expressing in other way. The following are the description of the strategy: 1 SL: We want to make sure this game’s on the up and up. page 84 line 17 TL: Kami ingin memastikan permainan ini berhasil. page 92 line 9 The slang up and up is translated into Bahasa Indonesia as berhasil. Up and up defined as getting better, actively rising above Urbandictionary.com. Up and up is not translated into menjadi lebih baik since this Indonesian phrases is not equivalent with the slang up and up. In order to make the translation become understandable that would not mislead the reader in understanding the text, the translator added a new word that is different from the meaning of the slang or in short the translator is paraphrasing it. 2 SL: It must be kinda wild page 118 line 1 TL: Pasti gila banget. page 136 line 9 Kinda wild is come from the phrase kind of wild. This slang was translated into bahasa Indonesia as gila banget. Kinda wild means out of control; amazingly out of this world; an unrestrainable amount of coolness; an adjective that means very. Urbandictionary.com. the translator used colloquial phrase in order to be more natural even the translation of kinda wild itself is different from the given meaning. If the translator translated kinda wild into bahasa Indonesia as seperti tak terkontrol atau sangat kacau, the reader would get mislead with the Universitas Sumatera Utara text. So the translator paraphrased the slang phrase into colloquial phrase in different form but it is still related to the meaning of the slang phrases. d. Translation by omission This strategy is similar to the strategies at word level; it requires the translator to omit the phrases which are not vital in the sentence. The following are the description of the strategy: 1 SL: When you’re with me and my friends, you talk one way - all down home and stuff. page 125 line 6 TL: Ketika kamu bersama ku dan teman temanku, kamu bicara biasa. Page 144 line 2 The slang all down home was omitted in the TL. All down home means American rustic, ethnic or agreeably simple and neighborly Thorn, 2007. The translator considered this phrase has no important part in this sentence, or this phrase has already described in other word. 2 SL: They gonna tear yo black butt up is what gonna happen. page 43 line 13 TL: Mereka bakal menghancurkanmu, itulah yang akan kejadian. page 48 line 1 In this case, black butt, the slang occurred in the SL was omitted in TL. Black butt itself means the backside, buttocks. In the USA, butt is the most common colloquial term for this part of the body. Although it is slightly vulgar and generally it is the monopoly of male speakers, butt, unlike ass, is permissible in ‘polite society’ or broadcasts. The translator considered this phase did not take important part and also it will not Universitas Sumatera Utara change the meaning even though this phrase is omitted. Therefore, the translator omitted Black butt but it has the effect of slang itself. 4.3 DATA FINDING Based on the analysis, the writer could figure out the most dominant strategy of translation occurred in the translation that was used by translator in translating Akeelah and The bee as the source text in English into Akeelah as the target text in bahasa Indonesia, the writer applied a formula referring to Malo’s method of social research 1986:200. The following is the formula of calculating the percentage of the strategies used: N X Y X = 100 X : Number of the subcategory of the procedures of translation Y : Number of all data N : The percentage of the procedures of translation Based on the formula above, the percentage of each strategy was presented below: Table 2.1: Translation strategy Percentage of Slang at word form No Equivalence strategies at word level No. Data Total Percentage 1 Translation by a more general word 1, 4, 7, 18, 19, 22, 24, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36, 44, 46, 47, 48, 49, 54. 18 33.33 2 translation by a more neutralless expressive word 14, 15, 23, 25, 33, 35, 39, 40, 52 9 16.67 3 Translation by cultural 2, 38 2 3.7 Universitas Sumatera Utara substitution 4 Translation using a loan word or loan word plus explanation 45, 51 2 3.7 5 Translation by paraphrase using a related word 6, 8, 11, 13, 21, 26, 27, 31 8 14.81 6 Translation by paraphrase using unrelated words 5, 9, 10, 12, 16, 17, 20, 29, 41, 42, 43, 50. 12 22.22 7 Translation by omission 3, 37, 53 3 5.57 TOTAL 54 100 According to the table above, all of the equivalence strategies were used by the translator in translating slang. From 54 data – in words forms- which are identified as slang, there are 18 words are translated by using more general word 33.33, 12 words are translated by paraphrase using unrelated words 22.22, 9 words are translated by a more neutralless expressive word 16.67, 8 words are translated by paraphrase using a related word 14.81, 2 words are translated by cultural substitution 3.7, 2 words are translated by using a loan word or loan word plus explanation 3.7, and 3 words translated by omission 5.57. Different level of semantic, Baker also offers several different strategies in solving the problem of non equivalence translation in translating slang in level of phrases above word level. The strategies suggested by Mona Baker 1992:72-77 are: 1 Translation by using idiomcollocation of similar meaning. 2 Translation by changing meaning. 3 Translation by paraphrase 4 Translation by omission. The frequency of the strategies is shown in the table below. Universitas Sumatera Utara Table. 2.2: Translation Strategy Percentage of Slang at phrase form No Equivalence strategies at above word level No. Data Total Percentage 1 Translation by using an Idiom of similar meaning and form. 2, 8, 9, 10, 13, 14, 17, 18, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 30, 31, 32, 43, 44, 45, 49, 50, 52, 54, 59. 24 38.71 2 Translation by using an idiom of similar meaning but dissimilar form. 3, 4, 5, 6, 11, 12, 19, 20, 21, 29, 33, 35, 36, 37, 46, 47, 51, 55, 58, 60, 62. 21 33.87 3 Translation of paraphrase. 7, 15, 16, 27, 28, 34, 39, 40, 41, 48, 53, 56, 57. 13 20.97 4 Translation by omission. 1, 38, 42,61 4 6.45 TOTAL 62 100 In translating the phrases of slang, there are 62 data found as slang in phrases form. From those data, the translator translated 24 phrases by using an Idiom of similar meaning and form 38.71, 21 phrases translated by using an idiom of similar meaning but dissimilar form 33.87, 13 phrases translated by paraphrasing 20.97, and 4 phrases translated by omission 6.45 . Universitas Sumatera Utara

CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION