GIS MAPPING OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT ALONG KM 0-77 CITARUM RIVER.

(1)

GIS MAPPING OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT ALONG KM 0-77 CITARUM RIVER

TUGAS AKHIR

Diajukan untuk Memenuhi Sebagian dari Syarat untuk Memperoleh Gelar Ahli Madya

Semester Genap Tahun Ajaran 2014/2015

Oleh: Wayne Joku

1106734

SURVEY PEMETAAN DAN INFORMASI GEOGRAFIS FAKULTAS PENDIDIKAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN SOSIAL

UNIVERSITAS PENDIDIKAN INDONESIA 2015

(2)

LAPORAN PROGRAM LATIHAN AKADEMIK

DI BADAN PENGELOAAN LINGKUNGAN HIDUP DAERAH JAWA BARAT SEMESTER GENAP TAHUN AJARAN 2014/2015

Oleh: Wayne Joku

1106734

Program Diploma III Survey Pemetaan dan Informasi Geografis

SURVEY PEMETAAN DAN INFORMASI GEOGRAFIS FAKULTAS PENDIDIKAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN SOSIAL

UNIVERSITAS PENDIDIKAN INDONESIA 2015

(3)

GIS MAPPING OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT ALONG KM 0-77 CITARUM RIVER

Oleh : Wayne Joku

1106734

Tugas Akhir yang diajukan untuk memenuhi salah satu syarat memperoleh gelar Ahli Madya Survey Pemetaan dan Informasi Geografis

© Wayne Joku 2015

Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia Desember 2015

Hak cipta dilindungi undang-undang.

Tugas akhir ini tidak boleh diperbanyak seluruhnya atau sebagian, dengan dicetak ulang,

difoto kopi, atau cara lainnya tanpa ijin dari penulis dan pihak civitas Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia.

(4)

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN

LAPORAN PROGRAM LATIHAN AKADEMIK Dengan Judul :

GIS MAPPING OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT ALONG KM 0-77 CITARUM RIVER

Menyetujui :

Dosen Tetap PLA Dosen Luar Biasa PLA

Prof. Dr. H. Darsiharjo, MS Nita Nilawati W, SP NIP. 19620921 198603 1 005 NIP.

Mengetahui :

Ketua Program Pendidikan Studi Diploma III Survey Pemetaan dan Informasi Geografis

FPIPS UPI

Dr. Lili Somantri, S.Pd, M.Si NIP. 19790226 200501 1 008

(5)

iv Wayne Joku, 2015

GIS MAPPING OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT ALONG KM 0-77 CITARUM RIVER

Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu ABSTRACT

A great amount of information and analytical capacity is required when attempting to understand the co-dependency of the earth’s ecosystems and human impact on the environment - and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) makes this a possible. No matter how large or small your community, planners must deal with spatial information. GIS is a tool that manages, analyzes, and models data from our environment so that we can make decisions based on that information to better control the impact humans have upon it. The spatial and thematic aspects of GIS technology enable users to overlay various data to outline and predict the future of our resources, land, water, plant life, and wildlife. Geoprocessing enables governments and conservation organizations alike to make intelligent decisions when implementing laws and programs that will protect and sustain the environment and its resources.

(6)

vi Wayne Joku, 2015

GIS MAPPING OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT ALONG KM 0-77 CITARUM RIVER

Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu TABLE OF CONTENTS

PAGE

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN ... i

LEMBAR PERNYATAAN BEBAS PLAGIAT ... ii

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ... iii

ABSTRACT ... iv

FOREWORD ... v

TABLE OF CONTENTS ... vi

LIST OF FIGURES ... ix

LIST OF TABLES ... x

I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background ... 1

1.2 Predicament ... 1

1.3 Objective ... 2

1.4 Outcome ... 2

II REVIEW OF LITERATURE 2.1 Geographical Information Systems and Mapping ... 3

2.1.1 Using GIS Mapping in decision making ... 3

2.1.2 Obtaining relevant data for GIS ... 5

2.1.3 Organization of GIS Data ... 6

(7)

vii Wayne Joku, 2015

GIS MAPPING OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT ALONG KM 0-77 CITARUM RIVER

Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu

2.2 Solid-Waste Management ... 9

2.2.1 Composition and properties of solid-waste ... 10

2.2.2 Solid-waste collection ... 11

2.2.3 Solid-waste treatment and disposal ... 12

III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 3.1 Location of study ... 13

3.2 Secondary Data Sources ... 14

3.3 Description of the company where internship was undertaken ... 16

3.3.1 Company Profile ... 16

3.3.2 Vision and Mission ... 16

3.3.3 Goals and Objectives ... 17

3.3.4 Structure and organization ... 20

3.4 Data management system ... 21

IV RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 4.1 Software used ... 23

4.2 Data Processing Methodology ... 23

4.2.1 Importing Data ... 23

4.2.2 Georeferencing ... 24

4.2.3 Digitizing ... 28

4.2.4 Database Normalization ... 29

(8)

viii Wayne Joku, 2015

GIS MAPPING OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT ALONG KM 0-77 CITARUM RIVER

Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu

4.2.6 Assigning Unique Values and Symbols ... 35 4.2.7 Layouting of map ... 39

V CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

5.1 Conclusion ... 40 5.2 Recommendations ... 40 REFERENCES

CURRICULUM VITAE ATTACHMENTS

(9)

Wayne Joku, 2015

GIS MAPPING OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT ALONG KM 0-77 CITARUM RIVER

Universi tas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background

Citarum River, located in West Java, Indonesia, is unable to support the millions of Indonesians who live along the river basin because of how polluted it is. This river is of vital importance for water supply to both the Bandung metropolitan area, where almost 10 million people reside, and the greater Jakarta region, which houses 25 million people. It is also the only water source for the many villages in the surrounding area. Over the past 20 years the water quality has decreased dramatically due to the exponential accumulation of garbage, detergents, human waste as well as hazardous chemicals that are affecting the health and lives of these people.

Badan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup Daerah (BPLHD) Provinsi Jawa Barat administered the Penyusunan Rencana Aksi Citarum Bestari 2015 KM 0-77 in an effort to restore the ecosystem. This initiative covered various environmental problems affecting surrounding villages. In order to access these problems, the information BPLHD lacked was obtained through surveys which consisted of field observations, interviews, public consultation, and questionnaires.

1.2 Predicament

There is a lack of a proper waste management solution in the surrounding villages of the Citarum River due to the extremely impoverished conditions of the people living there. Therefore, alot of the garbage and waste of the people who live along the river basin ends up in the water. This is making the already polluted river even more contaminated. If nothing is done to prevent the waste from entering the water, the

(10)

Wayne Joku, 2015

GIS MAPPING OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT ALONG KM 0-77 CITARUM RIVER

Universi tas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu

Citarum River will continue being one of the worlds most polluted rivers and will not be able to support the millions of Indonesians who depend on the river for survival.

1.3 Objective

In regards to the aforementioned problems, the objective is to construct three thematic maps which visualize the multiple waste management problems faced by the villages in the alongside the Citarum River. This is done by integrating with survey data in regards to waste management solutions collected by BPLHD during the Penyusunan Rencana Aksi Citarum Bestari 2015 KM 0-77.

1.4 Outcome

With these maps, the user will be able to identify, prioritize and implement improved waste management solutions for the affected villages.

(11)

13 Wayne Joku, 2015

GIS MAPPING OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT ALONG KM 0-77 CITARUM RIVER

Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1 Location of study

The Citarum Bestari Program for 2015-1018 is focused on the management of the upstream region of the Citarum River, thus the study commences for the start of the main stream of the river, a point which in this case is Posisi 0 (position zero) and focuses of the area surrounding the first 77 kilometers of the river. The end point is defined as Posisi KM 77 and is situated at the outlet of the main stream of the river which flows into Waduk Saguling (Saguling Reservoir).

(12)

14 Wayne Joku, 2015

GIS MAPPING OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT ALONG KM 0-77 CITARUM RIVER

Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu

Penyusunan Rencana Aksi Citarum Bestari 2015 KM 0-77 was carried out during March of 2014 by several individuals employed by BPLHD acting a survey team. Data collection techniques were used to obtain data in accordance to the needs of the study and these were conducted through questionnaires, observation, interviews, and studying related existing administrative data. Observation was used to know and learn directly from the social and environmental conditions at the time. In-depth interviews were used to determine the qualitative aspects in greater depth through face-to-face interaction with the locals.

A desk study was conducted to collect the data related to the already existing documents in offices and agencies in connection with the administration of Citarum.

Respondents were determined using purposive sampling, ie a sampling technique conducted with consideration of the residential areas surrounding the upstream, midstream, and downstream portions of the river. Key informants were determined using snowball sampling; a technique in which the determination of key informants starts from people who have a sufficient understanding of the problem being studied then that person is requested to choose a person to serve as the next key informant.

3.2 Secondary Data Sources

There are several sources of data that required preparation and in depth understanding prior to the processing of data in order to achieve the aforementioned objective of producing the output data. These are the data sources required:

(13)

15 Wayne Joku, 2015

GIS MAPPING OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT ALONG KM 0-77 CITARUM RIVER

Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu

1. Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) – This is a non-departmental government institute of Indonesia who is responsible to conduct statistical surveys. Its main customer is the government, but statistical data is also available to the public. Annual surveys include national and provincial socio-economics, manufacturing establishments, population and the labor force. Their statistical data is readily available either from their public offices and their website. Majority of administrative data that has been integrated with the Penyusunan Rencana Aksi Citarum Bestari 2015 KM 0-77 data has been obtained from BPS.

2. Google Maps – This is a Web-based service that provides detailed information about geographical regions and sites around the world. In addition to conventional road maps, Google Maps offers aerial and satellite views of many places. In some cities, Google Maps offers street views comprising photographs taken from vehicles. Google Maps offers several services as part of the larger Web application, as follows:

 A route planner offers directions for drivers, bikers, walkers, and users of public transportation who want to take a trip from one specific location to another.

 The Google Maps application program interface (API) makes it possible for Web site administrators to embed Google Maps into a proprietary site such as a real estate guide or community service page.

 Google Maps for Mobile offers a location service for motorists that utilizes the Global Positioning System (GPS) location of the mobile device (if available) along with data from wireless and cellular networks.

(14)

16 Wayne Joku, 2015

GIS MAPPING OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT ALONG KM 0-77 CITARUM RIVER

Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu

 Google Street View enables users to view and navigate through horizontal and vertical panoramic street level images of various cities around the world.

 Supplemental services offer images of the moon, Mars, and the heavens for hobby astronomers.

Although majority of the spatial data used in this process has been provided by BPLHD, Google Maps provides an efficient and up-to-date alternative to substantiate information whenever there is any uncertainty. 3.3 Description of the company where internship was undertaken

3.3.1 Company Profile

 Full Name: Badan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup Daerah Jawa Barat (West Java Regional Control Agency of the Living Environment)

 Acronym: BPLHD Jawa Barat  Location: Bandung, Indonesia  Website: www.bplhdjabar.go.id

 Address: JL. Naripan, No. 25, Bandung, West Java, 40111 3.3.1 Vision and Mission

Vision:

 Menjadi Pelapor Dan Pusat Keunggulan Budaya Cinta Lingkungan Dalam Mewujudkan Jawa Barat Bestari

(15)

17 Wayne Joku, 2015

GIS MAPPING OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT ALONG KM 0-77 CITARUM RIVER

Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu Mission:

 Mengingkatkan Dan Memantapkan Kualitas Linkungan Hidup

 Mendorong Pengarusutamaan Dan Pengembangan Ekonomi Hijau Serta Pemadaaatan Sumberdaya Alam Untuk Pembangunan Berkelanjutan

 Membangun Kapasitas Masyarakat Dan Pelaku Usaha Peduli Lingkungan

 Meningkatkan Mitigasi Dan Adaptasi Terhadap Pengaruh Perubahan Iklim

 Meningkatkan Kapasitas Kelembagaan Pemerintah Dengan Sains Dan Teknologi Dalam Pengelolaan LH

3.3.3 Goals and Objectives

‘Tujuan BPLHD Provinsi Jawa Barat yang merupakan

penjabaran dari Visi yang ada adalah sebagai berikut:

 Meningkatkan kualitas SDM, pengelola lingkungan hidup (Aparat, dunia pendidikan, dunia usaha, LSM, dan masyarakat)

 Meningkatkan kepedulian dan peran serta masyarakat dalam pelaksanaan pembangunan berkelanjutan dan berwawasan lingkungan

 Meningkatkan fasilitasi penyelesaian sengketa lingkungan  Meningkatkan pengendalian kelestarian keanekaragaman

(16)

18 Wayne Joku, 2015

GIS MAPPING OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT ALONG KM 0-77 CITARUM RIVER

Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu

 Meningkatkan pemantauan dan upaya pembinaan/pengendaliaan pencemaran air, udara, dan limbah B3

 Meningkatkan peranan laboratorium penguji kualitas lingkungan yang terakreditasi

 Mengamankan upaya pelesatarian kawasan lindung

 Meningkatkan upaya pengendalian ekosistem pesisir dan laut

Sementara itu, Sasaran BPLHD Provinsi Jawa Barat yang merupakan penjabaran dari Misi yang ada adalah sebagai berikut:

 Terlaksananya upaya pengendalian pencemaran air melalui Prokasih

 Tersusunnya kebijakan pengendlian pencemaran air di Jawa Barat berbasis GIS

 Terlaksananya upaya pengendalian pencemaran udara  Terlaksananya upaya pengendalian pencemaran limbah B3

dan Tanah

 Terwujudnya pelestarian keanekaragaman Hayati di Jawa Barat

 Tersusunnya Pola Kompensasi Pasca Produksi terhadap pengelola lingkungan

 Tertatanya Landfeel Closure di Jawa Barat

 Tertatanya Pasca Penambangan Galian C di Jawa Barat  Tercapainya Penyelesaian masalah lingkungan di Jawa

barat

 Terjadinya peningkatan kinerja Lab Lingkungan Terakreditasi

(17)

19 Wayne Joku, 2015

GIS MAPPING OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT ALONG KM 0-77 CITARUM RIVER

Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu

 Terselenggaranya Sosialisasi Environment Polution Control Management

 Terselenggaranya Pengelolaan Lingkungan pesisir melalui Peningkatan Peranserta masyarakat & kemampuan aparat pengelola lingkungan

 Terjadinya pnerapan dan peningkatan Kapasitas AMDAL melalui fasilitasi dan pembinaan teknis AMDAL di Jawa Barat

 Terwujudnya peningkatan Kemitraan lingkungan di Jawa Barat

 Tersusunnya feasibility study pemanfaatan gas metan dari dampak di TPA se Jawa Barat

 Tersusunnya feasibility study Clean Development Mecanism (CDM) di Jawa Barat

 Terselenggaranya monitoring dan evaluasi penerapan audit produksi bersih untuk industri tekstil

 Tersusunnya Study kelayakan Pengelolaan limbah rumah sakit secara terpadu

 Tersusunnya Raperda Pengelolaan lingkungan hidup di Jawa Barat

 Terlindungi dan termanfaatkannya kawasan hutan, lahan & Sumber Daya Air di Jawa Barat

(18)

20 Wayne Joku, 2015

GIS MAPPING OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT ALONG KM 0-77 CITARUM RIVER

Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu 3.3.4 Structure and organization

(19)

21 Wayne Joku, 2015

GIS MAPPING OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT ALONG KM 0-77 CITARUM RIVER

Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu 3.4 Data Management System

(20)

22 Wayne Joku, 2015

GIS MAPPING OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT ALONG KM 0-77 CITARUM RIVER

(21)

Wayne Joku, 2015

GIS MAPPING OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT ALONG KM 0-77 CITARUM RIVER

Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu CHAPTER V

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

5.1 Conclusion

In this essay, the intent is to show how GIS can be optimized in large scale projects and be used to manage the impact humans can have on the natural environment. The use of GIS can systematize the decision making process for proper resource distribution over the project area. After conducting the study of the solid-waste management facilities, GIS has enabled us to have a conceivable picture of the area. The results have identified which areas are in need of proper waste management systems and how to prioritize the implementation of these systems. The use of thematic maps enables us to know the location of these areas in the real-world. Maps show us the general picture of the situation more vividly than we could have imagined form the survey data alone. With maps it is easy to examine trends. Trends are patterns in which entities behave in a certain environment. These patterns could be indicative of some facts on the ground. For example, the fact that Tanjungwangi is categorized as both a Prioritas 1 dan Prioritas 2 area may suggest that the people in this area may have low income or lack of government funding etc. This presumption may not be correct on its own but it would give us an insight as to why these patterns exist. Whatever the correct answer further investigation will tell us what really is happening.

5.2 Recommendations

To make reasonably good use of the GIS for the implementation of waste management systems in the project area, there need s of be more frequent acquisition of survey data as what was collected during the Penyusunan Rencana Aksi Citarum Bestari 2015 KM 0-77 survey. Regular updates to the GIS will be extremely beneficial to the livelihoods of the people living in the affected villages.

(22)

Wayne Joku, 2015

GIS MAPPING OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT ALONG KM 0-77 CITARUM RIVER

Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu REFERENCES

Books:

Geographic information systems and science, Second edition ( Longley, Paul A., Goodchild, Michael F., Maguire, David J., Rhind David W., 2006)

Geographic information systems: A management perspective, (Aronof Stan, 1995) Online:

http://www.esri.com/what-is-gis, cited June 8, 2015

https://www.esri.com/library/whitepapers/pdfs/shapefile.pdf, cited June 8, 2015 http://www.britannica.com/technology/solid-waste-management, cited June 10 2015 http://georepository.com/crs_32748/WGS-84-UTM-zone-48S.html, cited June 17, 2015