19
CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY
The discussion in this chapter includes the method that is used in the research, research respondents, research instrument, research setting, data
gathering technique, and data analysis technique.
A. METHOD
This research was a descriptive research because it was designed to gather information as natural as possible, without any treatment of the researcher in the
data collection. Descriptive research was used to obtain information concerning the current status of the phenomena to describe what exists with respect to
variables or conditions in a situation. P. Key, James, 1997. Based on Introduction to Research in Education Ary et al, 1990, there are
several types of studies that may be classified as descriptive research. Those are surveys, developmental studies, follow up studies, documentary analyses, trend
analyses, and co relational studies. Documentary analyses or content analysis is known as the procedure for systematically analyzing written materials. Therefore,
the data gathered are generally expressed as frequency counts in various relevant categories. Moreover, this research used documentary analyses because the
researcher analyzed the data she got. The researcher in this research also used checklists to analyze the data and to answer the first question.
According to L. R. Gay in his book Educational Research: Competencies PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
20 for Analysis and Application 1992, “One common type of descriptive research
involves assessing attitudes or opinions toward individuals, organizations, events or procedures. Descriptive data are typically collected through a questionnaire
survey, an interview, or observation”. Therefore, the researcher in this research also conducted interview with the one of the teachers. The interview was
conducted to find what the teacher’s did to improve students’ descriptive writing.
B. RESEARCH RESPONDENTS
The respondents of the research were the seventh grade students and their teacher in one of the public schools in Muntilan, that was SMP N 1 Muntilan. This
research was conducted in the second semester because this research wanted to find out about the students’ descriptive writing and it was relevant to the standard
competency and basic competence of junior high school, which is “to express a simple meaningful short written functional text to interact with the nearest
environment.” There were six classes of the seventh grade students in SMP N 1 Muntilan. However, this research took only two classes since it was not possible
to make use all the classes. The two classes consisted of 58 students, 22 students from the bilingual class and 36 students from the regular class. The samples in
this research were cluster sampling because “the unit chosen is not an individual but a group of individuals who are naturally together.”
The seventh grade students were chosen for this research because these students were facing a new environment in learning, especially learning English.
They were also starting to learn something different because now they are in the PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
21 higher level of learning than before. Moreover, the descriptive writing was also
learned in this level. The collected data were the documents analyzed by the researcher.
At first, the grammatical errors collected from the students were checked; the researcher tried to find what were the grammatical errors commonly made by
the students based on the first checklist. After the researcher checked the grammatical errors, then the researcher marked the composition of students’
descriptive writing by using the second checklist, that was the assessment scale of written work mentioned before.
The seventh grade students in SMP N 1 Muntilan were supervised by a teacher. The teacher was also being interviewed related to the result of students’
descriptive writing. From the interview, the researcher also tried to find what the teacher can do to improve the students’ descriptive writing.
C. SETTING
Kategori