The Data Presentation on the Grammatical Errors Commonly Made by the Seventh Grade Students

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CHAPTER IV RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION

This chapter includes the discussion of problem formulation mentioned in Chapter I. In order to answer the questions, the data gathered were analyzed in this chapter. The data gathered during the research were presented and analyzed here.

A. Data Presentation and Analysis of the First Question

The data was gathered from one type of texts, that was description. There are three kinds of descriptive writing, they are describing people, describing places, and describing things. The description topic that was discussed in this research was about describing people. This part was divided into data presentation and data analysis of grammatical errors that the students of the seventh grade commonly made.

1. The Data Presentation on the Grammatical Errors Commonly Made by the Seventh Grade Students

The samples of this research were total 57 copies of students’ descriptive writing, 22 copies were from bilingual class, and the other 35 copies were from regular class. There were actually 36 students of the regular class. However, one student did not join the class at that time. To specify the presence and the absence of some items of the grammatical errors and written work in students’ descriptive PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 29 writing, the researcher used two instruments as explained before in chapter III. The result of the grammatical errors commonly made by the seventh grade students was presented in the following tables. The first two tables were the result of grammatical errors made by students in bilingual class. The second two tables were the result of grammatical errors made by students in regular class. The number mentioned in the tables referred to the number of the students in each class. Therefore, number one up to twenty two referred to the students in bilingual class; while number one up to thirty six referred to the students in regular class. 30 a. Bilingual Class Table a.1 Data on the Frequency Errors Made by ESL Writers adopted from La Trobe University 1992 Frequent errors 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Articles A mistake with the article –a, an, the, etc. + + - - - + - + - + - + + + - + - - - + - - Verb tense A mistake with the verb tense. - - + + - - - + - + + + + + + + + + - + + + Subject verb agreement The subject and verb do not agree in number. e.g. She runWe was smiling. + + + - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + + - Singularplural A mistake with number singularplural. e.g. They have three doll in the cupboard. - - - - - - - + - + + + + - + + + - + + + + Punctuation Capital letters, full stops, or - - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 30 commas missing Word class The word is in the wrong class. e.g. She is unemployment. - + - - + - - + + + + + - + + + - + - + - - Vocabulary The wrong word is used. e.g. Let’s discuss about Mathematics. - + + + - + - + + + + - + - + + - - - + - - Sentence structure The sentence is not complete or perhaps is too long and need to be reorganized. + - + - + - - + - + + - + - + - - - - + - - Spelling - - - + - - - - - - - + + + - - + - + - + - + = symbolizes the present of the frequent errors - = symbolizes the absent of the frequent errors 31 32 The Summary of the Frequent Errors and the Percentage of Bilingual Class Subject verb agreement : 19 x 100= 86.36 22 Verb tense : 15 x 100= 68.18 22 Word class : 12 x 100= 54.54 22 Vocabulary : 12 x 100= 54.54 22 Singularplural : 12 x 100= 54.54 22 Articles : 10 x 100= 45.45 22 Sentence structure : 9 x 100= 40.9 22 Spelling : 7 x 100= 31.81 22 Punctuation : 2 x 100= 9.09 22 From table a.1 and the result of the percentages, it can be seen that from nine categories of Frequent Errors made by ESL writers, there were three ranks of grammatical errors made by the students. The highest rank was the Subject verb agreement, with the highest percentage 86.36 from total 22 students. The second rank was Verb tense with total percentage 68.18. As much as total percentage 54.54 was shown by three categories, they are Singularplural, Word class, and Vocabulary. Below is the Chart of the Students’ Grammatical Errors based on the percentages. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 33 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Artic les Verb tens e Sub ject v erb a gree men t Sing ularp lural Pun ctua tion Word clas s Voca bula ry Sen tenc e str ructu re Spe lling Figure 1. The Chart of Students’ Grammatical Errors of Bilingual Class Therefore, from the percentage, it can be concluded that grammatical errors commonly made by the students from bilingual class was Subject verb agreement, with the highest percentage 86.36 from total 22 students. 34 Table a.2 The Result of the Students’ Scores Based on the Assessment Scale Christopher Tribble, 1996, Bilingual Class Area Score Descriptor 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 20-17 Excellent to very good 17 18 17 17 17 18 18 16-12 Good to average 16 12 15 12 16 15 12 16 13 15 16 11-8 Fair to poor 10 11 11 11 7-5 Very Poor Task Fulfillment Content 4-0 Inadequate 20-17 Excellent to very good 17 17 18 18 16-12 Good to average 16 16 14 16 16 16 12 13 14 15 13 16 16 15 11-8 Fair to poor 10 10 11 11 Organization 7-5 Very Poor 35 4-0 Inadequate 20-17 Excellent to very good 17 18 17 18 16-12 Good to average 16 16 12 15 12 12 16 12 12 16 12 13 15 12 14 16 15 17 11-8 Fair to poor 7-5 Very Poor Vocabulary 4-0 Inadequate 30-24 Excellent to very good 24 23-18 Good to average 23 23 18 20 22 20 18 20 18 23 19 18 17-10 Fair to poor 16 17 15 17 17 16 15 17 15 9-6 Very Poor Language 5-0 Inadequate 36 10-8 Excellent to very good 9 8 8 8 8 7-5 Good to average 7 6 6 6 7 7 6 7 7 6 7 5 7 6 5 6 7 4-2 Fair to poor Mechanics 1-0 Very Poor TOTAL 83 79 79 62 72 80 77 54 57 73 60 60 70 63 60 73 56 62 85 69 73 79 SCORE A B B B B A B C C B B B B B B B C B A B B B 37 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Figure 2. The Chart of Students’ Scores of Bilingual Class From this chart, it can be seen that the highest score for the students’ writing from the bilingual class from the range 0 to 100 was 85. The second highest score was 83. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 38 b. Regular Class Table b.1 Data on the Frequency Errors Made by ESL Writers adopted from La Trobe University 1992 Frequent errors 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Articles A mistake with the article –a, an, the, etc. + - + + + + + + - + + + - - + + + + Verb tense A mistake with the verb tense. + + + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + Subject verb agreement The subject and verb do not agree in number. e.g. She runWe was smiling. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Singularplural A mistake with number singularplural. e.g. They have three doll in the cupboard. + - + - + - - - - - - + - - - - + - 39 Punctuation Capital letters, full stops, or commas missing. - - - + - - + + - + + - + - + + + - Word class The word is in the wrong class. e.g. She is unemployment. + - + - - - + + + + + - + + + + + - Vocabulary The wrong word is used. e.g. Let’s discuss about Mathematics. + - + - + + + - + - + + + + + + + + Sentence structure The sentence is not complete or perhaps is too long and need to be reorganized. + + + - - + + + + - + - - + + + - + Spelling + + + - - + + - - + + - - - + + + - 40 Frequent errors 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 Articles A mistake with the article –a, an, the, etc. + + - - - + + + + + + + + + - + + + Verb tense A mistake with the verb tense. + + + + + + + + - + - + + + + - + + Subject verb agreement The subject and verb do not agree in number. e.g. She runWe was smiling. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Singularplural A mistake with number singularplural. e.g. They have three doll in the cupboard. + - - + + - - - - + - + + - - - - - Punctuation Capital letters, full stops, or commas missing. - + - + - - + + + - - + - - - - - + 41 Word class The word is in the wrong class. e.g. She is unemployment. + - + + + + + - + - - + + - - - - - Vocabulary The wrong word is used. e.g. Let’s discuss about Mathematics. - + - - + + + + - - + + + + + - - - Sentence structure The sentence is not complete or perhaps is too long and need to be reorganized. - + + + + + + + - + - + + + + - - - Spelling + + - + - - - - + + - + + + - - + + + = symbolizes the present of the frequent errors - = symbolizes the absent of the frequent errors 42 The Summary of the Frequent Errors and the Percentage of Regular Class Subject verb agreement : 36 x 100= 100 36 Verb tense : 31 x 100= 86.11 36 Articles : 27 x 100= 75 36 Sentence structure : 24 x 100= 66.66 36 Word class : 21 x 100= 58.33 36 Vocabulary : 24 x 100= 66.66 36 Spelling : 20 x 100= 55.55 36 Punctuation : 16 x 100= 44.44 36 Singularplural : 11 x 100= 30.55 36 From table b.1, the Regular class of SMP N 1 Muntilan consisted of thirty six students, but one of the students did not join the class at that time. The result of the percentages showed that there were three highest ranks of grammatical errors made by the students. The first rank was the Subject verb agreement, with the total percentage 100 from 36 students. The second rank was Verb tense with 86.11. The other ranks in decreasing order were the Articles, Vocabulary, Sentence structure, Word class, Spelling, Punctuation, and the last Pluralsingular. The chart of students’ grammatical errors based on the percentage can be seen below. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 43 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Artic les Verb ten se Sub ject v erb a gree men t Sing ularp lural Pun ctua tion Word clas s Voc abula ry Sen tenc e str ructu re Spe lling Figure 3. The Chart of Students’ Grammatical Errors of Regular Class 44 Table b.2 Assessment scale for written work Christopher Tribble, 1996 Area Score Descriptor 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 20-17 Excellent to very good 19 17 17 18 16-12 Good to average 12 16 16 16 15 16 12 13 14 11-8 Fair to poor 11 11 10 11 10 7-5 Very Poor Task Fulfillment Content 4-0 Inadequate 20-17 Excellent to very good 18 18 19 16-12 Good to average 14 14 16 12 12 15 16 14 13 12 13 11-8 Fair to poor 9 8 10 11 7-5 Very Poor Organization 4-0 Inadequate 20-17 Excellent to very good 18 17 17 Vocabulary 16-12 Good to average 14 16 12 16 16 13 12 12 13 PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 45 11-8 Fair to poor 8 9 11 11 11 11 7-5 Very Poor 4-0 Inadequate 30-24 Excellent to very good 25 24 25 23-18 Good to average 19 18 19 23 17-10 Fair to poor 17 14 17 16 15 15 17 16 13 15 16 9-6 Very Poor Language 5-0 Inadequate 10-8 Excellent to very good 8 8 9 9 9 7-5 Good to average 6 7 5 7 5 5 5 6 7 7 6 4-2 Fair to poor 4 4 Mechanics 1-0 Very Poor TOTAL 55 69 44 88 80 70 65 71 77 61 49 84 88 60 54 53 59 62 SCORE C B C A A B B B B B C A A B C C C B 46 Area Score Descriptor 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 20-17 Excellent to very good 15 13 15 17 18 18 19 16-12 Good to average 10 11 8 16 12 15 12 13 12 11-8 Fair to poor 7 7 7-5 Very Poor Task Fulfillment Content 4-0 Inadequate 20-17 Excellent to very good 17 18 18 16-12 Good to average 15 12 13 14 12 16 16 15 13 11-8 Fair to poor 8 8 8 10 11 10 7-5 Very Poor Organization 4-0 Inadequate 20-17 Excellent to very good 17 17 17 18 Vocabulary 16-12 Good to average 12 14 12 13 12 16 12 15 12 14 PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 47 11-8 Fair to poor 11 10 11 10 7-5 Very Poor 4-0 Inadequate 30-24 Excellent to very good 24 24 25 23-18 Good to average 18 20 22 20 21 17-10 Fair to poor 16 13 12 10 10 15 13 15 17 17 9-6 Very Poor Language 5-0 Inadequate 10-8 Excellent to very good 8 9 8 9 8 8 7-5 Good to average 5 6 5 5 7 6 6 7 6 7 7 7 4-2 Fair to poor Mechanics 1-0 Very Poor TOTAL 65 59 70 58 58 47 41 42 83 58 79 54 78 59 71 88 64 63 SCORE B C B C C C C C A C B C B C B A B B 48 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 28 31 33 35 Figure 4. The Chart of Students’ Score of Regular Class From this chart, it could be seen that the highest score was student number 4, 13, and 34 with total score 88 from the range 0-100. The second high was 84. 49 The Summary of the Frequent Errors and the Percentages of Both Classes Subject verb agreement : 86.36 + 100 = 93.18 2 Verb tense : 68.18 + 86.11 = 77.14 2 Articles : 45.45 + 75 = 60.22 2 Vocabulary : 54.54 + 66.66 = 60.6 2 Word class : 54.54 + 58.3 = 56.42 2 Sentence : 40.9 + 66.66 = 53.78 2 Spelling : 31.81 + 55.55 = 43.68 2 Singularplural : 54.54 + 30.55 = 42.54 2 Punctuation : 9.09 + 44.44 = 26.76 2 Based on the summary of the frequent errors and the percentages of both classes above, therefore, it could be concluded that the grammatical errors commonly made by the students were Subject verb agreement with total percentage 93.18, and was followed by Verb tense with 77.14. The next was Vocabulary with the percentage 60.6. The other were Articles 60.22, Word class 56.42, Sentence structure 53.78, Spelling 43.68, Singularplural 42.54, Punctuation 26.76. 50

2. The Data Analysis of the First Question