B. Review of Related Theories
This part contains the theories related to the study. Those theories are the theory of character and characterization, theory of personality, and theory of
personality changes.
1. Theory on Character
In A Glossary of Literary Terms, M.H. Abrams says that characters are people that are presented in a dramatic or narrative work. It is also said that characters are
distinctive type of person that the moral, dispositional, and emotional qualities of them are expressed in the dialogue and action. He states that the character’s
temperament and moral nature for his speech and his action build the motivation of the character. Abrams also states that a character may remain unchanged in his
outlook and his dispositions from beginning to end of a work or he may undergo a change.
A character may remain essentially “stable,” or unchanged in his outlook and dispositions, from beginning to end of a work Prospero in The Tempest, Micawber in
Dickens’ David Copperfield, or he may undergo a radical change, either through a gradual development or as the result of an extreme crisis Shakespeare’s King Lear,
Pip in Dickens’ Great Expectations 1981: 20.
In A Handbook to Literature, C. Hugh Holman and William Harmon state that character is the form of human personality. Character is a description of a personage
and the person is described as some vice or virtue or type. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
The person is described not as an individualized personality but as an example of some vice or virtue or type, such as a busybody, a glutton, a fop, a bumpkin, a
garrulous old man, a happy milkmaid, etc. 1986: 81.
It is also stated that there are a static character and a dynamic character. A static character is one who changes little. A dynamic character is one who is changed by
actions and experiences 1986: 83.
While Forster in the book entitled Aspects of the Novel, divided characters into flat and round characters. Round characters are usually the major figures in a
story. They have many realistic traits and are relatively fully developed by the author. For this reason, they are often given names hero and heroine while the flat characters
are essentially undistinguishable from their group or class. Therefore, they are not individual, but representative. They are usually minor characters, although not all
minor characters are flat. Usually they stay the same; they are static, and not dynamic like round characters 1974: 46.
Theory of character is needed to support the writer on doing an analysis toward Soroku Okamoto. This theory is useful to help the writer to answer the
problem formulation about what sort of character Soroku is.
2. Theory of Characterization
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