12 The transitory self concepts may be favorable or unfavorable,
depending largely on the situation in which the person finds himself momentarily. They are generally influenced by some passing mood or
emotional state or by a recent experience. The social self concept is based on the way the individual believes
others perceive him, depending on their speech and actions. If a child is constantly told that he is “naughty”, he soon develops a concept of
himself as a naughty child. The ideal self concept is the way a person thinks what he or she
wants to be and what he or she believes should be. It involves the physical and psychologycal aspects of the person.
2.2.3 Theory of Motivation
Abraham Maslow in his article entitled A Theory of Human Motivation
stated that human beings are motivated by unsatisfied needs, and that certain lower factors need to be satisfied before higher needs can
be satisfied. According to Maslow, there are general types of needs physiological, survival, safety, love, and esteem that must be satisfied
before a person can act unselfishly. According to Maslow, physiological needs are those required to
sustain life, such as: air, water, food, sleep. Once physiological needs are met, ones attention turns to safety and security in order to be free from the
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13 threat of physical and emotional harm. Such needs might be fulfilled by:
living in a safe area, medical insurance, job security, financial reserves. When a person has met the lower level physiological and safety
needs, higher level motivators awaken. The first level of higher level needs are social needs. Social needs are those related to interaction with others
and may include: friendship, belonging to a group, giving and receiving love.
After a person feels that they belong, the urge to attain a degree of importance emerges. Esteem needs can be categorized as external
motivators and internal motivators. Internally motivating esteem needs are those such as self-esteem, accomplishment, and self respect. External
esteem needs are those such as reputation and recognition. Then, self actualization is when people try to achieve whatever they define as their
maximum potential, to do their thing to the best of their ability.
2.2.4 Theory of Child’s Reaction
Children react in different ways to stress. Some children become ill. Some may become withdrawn and nervous while others show anger
and deman attention Ruffin, 2010 According to Hassan 2010, children are very sensitive and
normally have super sensitive antenna, which controls the bahavior of the children on any unpleasant situation. The most often occuring reactions in
children are being unsettled and uncomfortable, disturbed sleep, reduced
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14 performance in school and being restless. Anger is another stressed
reaction shown by the children.
2.2.5 Juxtaposition
