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structural ambiguity. There are 22 data of lexical ambiguity and 4 data of structural ambiguity. In other words, 84.6 of it are lexically ambiguous and
15.4 of it are structurally ambiguous.
C. Ambiguous Phrases Data
In order to answers the problem number 1 stated in Chapter I, the writer needs to find out what common phrases in Readers Forum section of The Jakarta
Post newspaper discussing the smog caused by forest fire in Indonesia cause ambiguity. By reading and analyzing the articles, the writer finds out that there are
two kinds of phrases in Readers Forum section of The Jakarta Post newspaper discussing the smog caused by forest fire in Indonesia that cause ambiguity. They
are noun phrases and verb phrases. As mentioned in Chapter II, phrase here refers to a word or a group of words that behaves as a single unit Jurafsky, 2009: 385.
It may appear as a head with or without its complements. The ambiguity are usually structural, but many are lexical. Below are the number and the percentage
of each kind of phrases.
Table 2 Percentage of Ambiguous Phrases
There are 20 noun phrases and 6 verb phrases found in the Readers Forum’s articles of The Jakarta Post newspaper that cause ambiguities. The
phrases can be seen in the table below.
NO TYPES OF PHRASE
NUMBER OF CASES
PERCENTAGE
1 Noun
20 76.9
2 Verb
6 23.1
TOTAL
26 100
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Table 3 Ambiguous Phrases and Its Head NO
PHRASE PHRASE
TYPE NP
VP
1 This haze problem is a perennial issue affecting
Malaysia and Singapore, and leaders of both countries have been sending letters year in year out
to their Indonesian counterparts expressing frustration over their continued inability to resolve
it. √
2 The detrimental impact of the haze on the health
and economy of Malaysians and Singaporeans have also been discussed over the years at ASEAN
meetings but there seems to be no concrete solution so far.
√
3 The detrimental impact of the haze on the health
and economy of Malaysians and Singaporeans have also been discussed over the years at ASEAN
meetings but there seems to be no concrete solution so far.
√
4 The detrimental impact of the haze on the health
and economy of Malaysians and Singaporeans have also been discussed over the years at ASEAN
meetings but there seems to be no concrete solution so far.
√
5 The API reading at Sri Aman, Sarawak on Monday
Aug. 24, was 129, while Kuching and Samarhan recorded 126 and 118 respectively.
√
6 The Indonesian authorities cannot be giving the
same old lame excuses that the haze is caused mainly by Malaysian and Indonesian companies.
√
7 The question Malaysians want answered is what are
the enforcement authorities doing to enforce stiffer penalties on those companies.
√
8 Indonesia must get cracking in making plans for
cloud seeding operations to extinguish the forest and plantation fires in South Sumatra and West
Kalimantan that have shrouded Sarawak in foul- smelling haze yet again.
√
9 Indonesia must get cracking in making plans for
cloud seeding operations to extinguish the forest and plantation fires in South Sumatra and West
Kalimantan that have shrouded Sarawak in foul- smelling haze yet again.
√ PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
25
NO PHRASE
PHRASE TYPE
NP VP
10 Indonesia must get cracking in making plans
for cloud seeding operations to extinguish the forest and plantation fires in South Sumatra and
West Kalimantan that have shrouded Sarawak in foul-smelling haze yet again.
√
11 The fires which have been raging for days need to
be controlled otherwise the pollution will climb to really unhealthy levels. Besides affecting people’s
health, especially those who have asthma or breathing difficulty, the haze problem is also
impacting on the tourism industry. √
12 The fires which have been raging for days need to
be controlled otherwise the pollution will climb to really unhealthy levels. Besides affecting people’s
health, especially those who have asthma or breathing difficulty, the haze problem is also
impacting on the tourism industry. √
13 The fires which have been raging for days need
to be controlled otherwise the pollution will climb to really unhealthy levels.
√
14 The fires which have been raging for days need to
be controlled otherwise the pollution will climb to really unhealthy levels
√
15 The fires which have been raging for days need to
be controlled otherwise the pollution will climb to really unhealthy levels.
√
16 The fires which have been raging for days need to
be controlled otherwise the pollution will climb to really unhealthy levels.
√
17 Besides affecting people’s health, especially those
who have asthma or breathing difficulty, the haze problem is also impacting on the tourism industry.
√
18 Besides affecting people’s health, especially those
who have asthma or breathing difficulty, the haze problem is also impacting on the tourism industry.
√
19 Besides affecting people’s health, especially those
who have asthma or breathing difficulty, the haze problem is also impacting on the tourism industry.
√
20 Besides affecting people’s health, especially those
who have asthma or breathing difficulty, the haze √
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problem is also impacting on the tourism industry. NO
PHRASE PHRASE
TYPE NP
VP
21 Malaysian natural Resources and Environment
Minister Dato’ Sri Dr Wan Junaidi Tuanku Jaafar must push his Indonesian counterparts to regionally
minimise this annual problem with long-term solutions.
√
22 Malaysian natural Resources and Environment
Minister Dato’ Sri Dr Wan Junaidi Tuanku Jaafar must push his Indonesian counterparts to regionally
minimise this annual problem with long-term solutions.
√
23 It could be true that the perpetrators of this month’s
fires are smaller land holders √
24 the big plantation companies are emulating the
Raffles business model √
25 Today’s business trend is “outsourcing production”
and social costs to the natives – i.e. the small land owners, who have even less of a clue about
sustainable management than the Mercedes Benz- driving city businessmen in Southeast Asian capital
cities. √
26 Hence, collective action is required by joint forces
from ASEAN members, which may also consider involving international experts and resources
√ PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
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D. Types of Ambiguity Found
