Research Design Area Determination Method

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III. RESEARCH METHOD

This chapter presents the research method applied in this research. The method consists of research design, area determination method, respondent determination method, the operational definitions of the key terms, data collection methods, and data analysis method. All the issues are described in the following sections.

3.1 Research Design

The purpose of this research was to describe the seventh g rade students’ writing ability of descriptive paragraph by using realia at SMPN 10 Jember so that the design of this research was a descriptive study. Descriptive study is a study which is functioned to collect the information related to a real phenomenon and it focuses on describing a certain variables, phenomenon, and situation Arikunto, 2010:309-310. According to Fraenkel and Wallen 2012:15 examples of descriptive studies in education include identifying the achievements of various groups of students; describing the behaviors of teachers, administrators, or counselors; describing the attitudes of parents; and describing the physical capabilities of schools. In brief, it can be concluded that descriptive study is a study that has function to describe about certain condition using statistical measurement. The procedures of this research were as follows: 1. Determining the research area by using purposive method. 2. Determining the research respondents by using the proportional random sampling by lottery. 3. Constructing the research instrument in the form of test of writing descriptive paragraph. 4. Consulting the instrument to the research consultants and the English teacher. 5. Collecting the primary data by administering a writing test to the respondents. 6. Scoring the writing test by using analytical scoring rubric. 7. Finding out the total score of the students ability in writing descriptive paragraph by using realia. 8. Finding out the students ability in writing descriptive paragraph by using realia of each score classification. 9. Sorting out the score of writing test based on classification of the score levels. 10. Drawing the conclusions based on the result of data analysis.

3.2 Area Determination Method

The research was conducted at SMPN 10 Jember. This area was taken based on the purposive method. As stated by Arikunto 2010:128 purposive method is a method of choosing the area of the research based on certain purpose and reason. The school was chosen based on some reasons. First, the researcher got the permission from the school Principal and the English teacher to conduct the research in the school so that the required data can be collected. Second, the English writing skill has been taught to the seventh grade students of SMPN 10 Jember by using realia including in teaching writing of descriptive paragraph. Third, the English teacher has never scored the students writing based on analytical scoring rubric; thus, it was necessary to conduct the research.

3.3 Respondent Determination Method