LOGICO-SEMANTIC RELATION IN SRI MULYANI INDRAWATI’S SPEECH.
LOGICO-SEMANTIC RELATION IN SRI MULYANI
INDRAWATI’S SPEECH
A THESIS
Submitted as the Partial Fullfillment of the Requirement for
the Degree of Sarjana Sastra
By :
MULIANI
Registration Number 2112220015
ENGLISH AND LITERATURE DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF LANGUAGES AND ARTS
STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN
2015
DECLARATION
I have familiarized myself with the University’s policy on Academic integrity. Except
where appropriately acknowledged, this thesis is my own work, has been expressed in my
own words and has not previously been submitted for assessment.
I understand that this paper may be screened electronically or otherwise for
plagiarism.
Medan,
July 2015
The writer
Muliani
2112220015
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Great thanks and praise to the Almighty Allah SWT who has blessed and given
the ability to the writer to complete her thesis as the partial fulfillment of the
requirements for degree of Sarjana Sastra at the English Department, Faculty of
Languages and Arts, State University of Medan.
In the completion of this Thesis, the writer was greatly indebted to many people
which without their help she will not be able to complete this Thesis properly.
Therefore, on this occasion the writer would like to express her gratitude and
appreciation to:
Prof. Dr. H. Syawal Gultom, M.Pd., the Rector of State University of Medan.
University of Medan.
Dr. Isda Pramuniati, M.Hum., the Dean Faculty of Language and Arts, State
Prof. Dr. Hj. Sumarsih, M.Pd., the Head of English and Literature Department
and as her Thesis Examiner, Dra. Meisuri, M.A., the Secretary of English
Department and as her Thesis Examiner, Nora Ronita Dewi, S.Pd., S.S.,
M.Hum., the Head of English Education Program and Syamsul Bahri, S.S.,
M.Hum., the Head of English Literature Program, Faculty of Languages and
Arts, State University of Medan.
Juli Rachmadani Hasibuan, S.S., M.Hum., and Immanuel Prasetya Gintings,
S.S., M.Hum., as her Thesis Advisers for their advice, guidance, and precious
time they spent in correcting and supervising the draft of writing during the
completion of this thesis.
criticisms and opinion for the improvement of this thesis.
during her study in State University of Medan.
Prof. Dr. Lince Sihombing, M.Pd., as her Thesis Examiner for her suggestions,
All Lectures of English Literature study program for their valuable knowledge
Eis Sri Wahyuni, M.Pd as the Administration Staff of English Department for
helping the writer in preparing the files for the purposes of this thesis.
ii
The writer’s beloved parents, Suwanto and Mujiati, for their endless love, care,
support and prayers until at last she can finish this thesis. And also for her little
brother Diki Wahyudi and her little sister Maharani, for their prayers and
support in finishing this thesis.
Dinda and Khalida who always give her supports in finishing this thesis.
The writer’s best friends Dahratul, Bunga, Masrianisyam, Dwi Pratiwi, Eli,
All her beloved friends in English Literature A and B 2011, especially for
Hotmarina, Ester, Septhia, Ika, Martha, Sofa, Juni, Maria, Danti and others
that cannot be mentioned all for their precious moment in the university.
Finally, hopefully this thesis is useful for those who read.
Medan,
The writer,
Muliani
iii
July 2015
ABSTRACT
Muliani, 2112220015. Logico-semantic Relation in Sri Mulyani Indrawati’s Speech.
A Thesis, English Department, Faculty of Languages and Arts, State University of
Medan, 2015.
This study deals with logico-semantic relation in Sri Mulyani Indrawati’s speech. The
objectives of this study were to describe the logico-semantic type and how logicosemantic used in the speech. This study was conducted by using descriptive qualitative.
The data of this study were clause complexes found in the Sri Mulyani’s speech. There
were 142 clause complexes as the sample. Based on the analysis, it was found that only
eight of ten types of logico-semantic were used in Sri Mulyani’s speech. The types that
were not found are Paratactic Locution and Paratactic Idea. The most occurrence type of
logico-semantic was Paratactic Extension (26.76%). Then followed by Hypotactic
Enhancement (23.23%), Hypotactic Elaboration (21.12%), Hypotactic Extension
(19.01%), Paratactic Elaboration (4.92%), Paratactic Enhancement (2.81%), Hypotactic
Idea (1.41%), and Hypotactic Locution (0.71%). For the use of paratactic extension as
the most used by Sri Mulyani indicates that she presented her ideas by adding, varying,
and replacing the messages by using the conjunctions and, but, and or.
Keywords: Logico-semantic Relation, Speech
i
TABLE OF CONTENTS
pages
ABSRACT ......................................................................................................................... i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .............................................................................................. ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................... iv
LIST OF TABLES ......................................................................................................... vi
LIST OF APPENDICES ............................................................................................... vii
CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION
A. The Background of the Study ................................................................................1
B. The Problems of the Study .....................................................................................4
C. The Objectives of the Study ...................................................................................5
D. The Scope of the Study ..........................................................................................5
E. The Significance of the Study ................................................................................5
CHAPTER II. REVIEW OF LITERATURE
A. Theoretical Framework ..........................................................................................6
1. Functional Grammar ..........................................................................................6
2. Context of Situation ...........................................................................................7
3. Metafunction ....................................................................................................10
4. Logical Meaning ..............................................................................................11
a. Taxis ............................................................................................................11
1) Paratactic ....................................................................................................... 12
2) Hypotactic ..................................................................................................... 12
b. Logico-semantic Relation ...........................................................................13
1) Expansion ...............................................................................................13
a) Elaboration ........................................................................................14
b) Extension ..........................................................................................16
c) Enhancement .....................................................................................18
2) Projection................................................................................................20
a) Locution ............................................................................................21
b) Idea....................................................................................................22
5. Speech ..............................................................................................................24
B. Conceptual Framework ........................................................................................26
CHAPTER III. RESEARCH OF METHODOLOGY
A. Research Design ..................................................................................................28
iv
B. Data and Source of Data ......................................................................................28
C. Technique of Collecting Data..............................................................................28
D. Technique of Analyzing Data..............................................................................29
CHAPTER IV. DATA ANALYSIS AND RESEARCH FINDINGS
A. The Data ..............................................................................................................30
B. The Data Analysis ................................................................................................30
C. Research Findings ................................................................................................41
D. Discussions ...........................................................................................................41
CHAPTER V. CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
A. Conclusions ..........................................................................................................43
B. Suggestions ..........................................................................................................43
REFERENCES ...............................................................................................................44
APPENDICES ................................................................................................................45
v
LIST OF TABLES
Pages
Table 2.1 Basic Types of Clause Complex ......................................................................24
Table 4.1 The Frequency of Logico-semantic Relation ...................................................31
Table 4.2 The Percentage of Logico-semantic Relation ..................................................32
vi
LIST OF APPENDICES
Pages
APPENDIX A. The Analysis of Logico-semantic Relation in Speech ...........................45
APPENDIX B. The Speech by Sri Mulyani ....................................................................69
vii
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A.
The Background of the Study
As a social being, language is needed to interact with another. Human will get
difficulty without knowing a language because they cannot communicate their ideas,
thoughts and feelings. The important things for people in using language are to talk
about their experience, to describe events and state the entities involved in them to
influence their behavior and to express their own viewpoint and things in their
messages. Interaction between one with another can be established through language.
Therefore, language is inseparable part of human life to express thought, feeling,
desires and intentions.
As a communication, language has an effective means of expressing feelings and
ideas both in spoken and written form. When people speak or write they express what
they have in their mind. While presenting ideas, people should concern with the way
language which is used because it will make their ideas understandable. In the use of
language people in many cases tend to expand their ideas by combining or
complexing the original clause to other related clause because there are some ideas in
the language user’s mind that they are going to share. In communication speaker or
writer needs to see the connection which is made between one clause with another.
Public speaking is the most powerful form of spoken language. Effective public
speaking involves understanding the audience and speaking goals, choosing elements
for the speech that will engage the audience with the topic, and delivering message
1
2
skillfully. Good public speakers understand that they must plan, organize, and revise
their material in order to develop an effective speech.
One form of public speaking is speech. Speech can be delivered by man and
woman. People who usually deliver speech mostly are the popular public figure. The
popularity can be showed from the job position such as director or manager and from
the performance such as actress or actor. Speech usually uttered by those who have
position in society relation especially for woman. Indeed the woman which affected
to her speech content and also the ways of speech is uttered. It can be seen in the
language used by Sri Mulyani as one of public figure in her speech. The speech
content is about economy. It’s influenced by her background field that is economy.
Sri Mulyani is eligible for becoming the most influence women in the world,
because she is an important one in the economy. Some countries and institution
appreciate her with her achievements. She becomes the Asia’s Finance Minister of
the Year by Emerging Markets newspaper in 2008 (http://wikipedia.org). As a public
figure, Sri Mulyani is demanded to give some messages through speech when visiting
the important world events. As managing director of World Bank, she is responsible
for the institution’s operations in all regions. She also oversees the new global
practices and cross-cutting solution areas which bring together the best expertise from
across the Bank Group and from partners to help tackle the most complex
development challenges. As Indonesian’s finance minster, she was known as
reformist and was largely credited with strengthening Indonesian’s economy
increasing investment and steering Southeast Asia’s largest economy. She has been
3
an outstanding finance minister, with in-depth knowledge of both development issues
and the role of the World Bank Group.
Speech can be analyzed by using logical function theory. Logical function uses
certain conjunctions to relate one clause to another clause in making up the logic
language. The relationship between one clause to another clause will be analyzed in
order to increase the listeners' understanding about the information they hear. There
are two basic systems which determine how one clause is related to another namely
the system of taxis and logico-semantic. Taxis is classified into parataxis and
hypotaxis. While logico-semantic deals with how the ideas or meaning of language is
structured in combination of clauses in clause complex. Logico-semantic is classified
into two relationships they are expansion and projection.
However, several studies on logical metafunction have been done previously.
Gintings (2012) studied about the logical meaning in Al-Gore’s speech. This study
analyzed the Al-Gore’s Nobel Peace Prize acceptance speech. This research showed
that all of types of logico-semantic are used by Al-Gore in his speech and for the
dominant type is hypotactic enhancement. From this study, it indicated that Al-Gore
delivered his idea by providing some circumstantial information including time,
purpose, condition, cause or reason.
While Rukmini (2010) studied about the use of logico-semantic relation in
abstracts of students’ final project reports. This research showed that clause
complexes are both paratactic and hypotactic, but not all of type of logico-semantic
relations found in the data of research, there is no locution projection found. For the
4
realization of the clause complexes is relatively not so satisfactory, some meanings
are not appropriately realized in terms of its lexical and grammar choices.
Another research, Setia et al. (2011) studied about clause complex and
experiential realization in court texts. This research showed that clause complex
realization involves Taxis and Logico-Semantic Relations. The eleven texts which
consist of parataxis and hypotaxis are found with paratactic as the dominant. While
logico-semantic relations are expansion and projection and the dominant type is
expansion. The language used in formal situation will be different with the traditional
one because of different context such as in the research by Siahaan, Napitupulu &
Tampubolon (2014) who studied about the logical meaning in wedding speeches of
Batak Toba language. This research showed that both of logico-semantic relation
(expansion and projection) exist in Batak Toba language and also Batak Toba
language has the similarity with other languages in expressing the experience through
ideational function of language.
Based on the explanations, therefore this research will focus on the logicosemantic relation used by Sri Mulyani in her speech in order to find out the
information arranged to send messages and how she combines her ideas through her
speech because she has quality in her economic field during presenting her ideas.
B. The Problem of Study
Based on the background of the study, the problems of the study are formulated
as the following:
5
1. What types of logico-semantic relation are used by Sri Mulyani?
2. How is the logico-semantic used by Sri Mulyani?
C. The Objectives of Study
In relation to the problem of the study, the objectives of the study are to describe:
1. The types of logico-semantic relation used by Sri Mulyani.
2. How logico-semantic relation is used by Sri Mulyani.
D. The Scope of Study
This study analyses clause relationships in Sri Mulyani’s speech. It focuses on
analyzing the types of logico-semantic relation both expansion and projection used in
her speech.
E. The Significances of Study
Findings of this study are expected to be theoretically and practically useful and
relevant to various sides as the following:
1. Theoretically, this study is expected to provide benefits of knowledge, at least
can be useful as a reference for further study.
2. Practically for students and readers who want to enrich their information and
knowledge about logico-semantic in others material and the researchers who
are interested in conducting the similar study to get further information.
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
A. Conclusions
After analyzing logico-semantic relation in Sri Mulyani Indrawati’s speeches, the
following conclusions are drawn:
1. Only eight of ten types of logico-semantic relation found in Sri Mulyani
Indrawati’s speeches that are paratactic elaboration, hypotactic elaboration,
paratactic extension, hypotactic extension, paratactic enhancement, hypotactic
enhancement, hypotactic locution and hypotactic idea.
2. The logico-semantic relation type which mostly occurs in Sri Mulyani’s
speech is Paratactic Extension. It indicates that Sri Mulyani relates one clause
to another in her speech by adding, varying, and replacing the messages.
B. Suggestions
In relation to conclusions previously, it is suggested that,
1. The findings of this study can be used to describe a better understanding for
the English learners of logico-semantic.
2. Other researchers are advised to study and make a detail analysis of logicosemantic relation.
43
REFERENCES
Bloor, Thomas & Mariel. 2004. The Functional Analysis of English (2nd ed.).
London: Hodder Arnold
Flick, U. 2009. An Introduction to Qualitative Research. London: SAGE Publications
Gerot, L and Wignell. 1994. Making Sense of Functional Grammar. Sydney: Gerd
Stabler
Gintings, Hestika. 2012. Logical Meaning in Al-Gore’s speech, an Unpublished
Sarjana's Thesis. Medan: Languages and Arts Faculty State University of Medan
Halliday, M., & Matthiessen, C. 2004. An Introduction to Functional Grammar (3rd
ed.). London: Hodder Arnold
Lucas, Stephen E. 2012. The Art of Public Speaking (11th ed.). New York: McGrawHill
Rahmah. 2013. Functional Grammar. Medan: Universitas Negeri Medan
Rukmini, Dwi. 2010. The Logico-semantic Relation in Clause Complexes in
Abstracts of the Final Project Reports Procedured by the English Departments
Students. Ragam Jurnal Pengembangan Humaniora, X (3) 107-115
Saragih, A. 2014. Discourse Analysis. Medan: Universitas Negeri Medan
Setia, E., G. M. Sutjaja, et al. (2011). Clause complex and experiential realization in
court texts (Bali Bomb Case I): A systematic Functional Linguistics study.
Accessed on December 23, 2014 from
http://ejournal.unud.ac.id/abstract/eddy%20pdf.pdf
Siahaan, S., Napitupulu, S. & Tampubolon, S. 2014. The Logical Meanings of the
Traditional Wedding Speeches of Batak Toba People. International Journal of
Language and Linguistics, II (5) 328-342.
Thompson, G. 2014. Introducing Functional Grammar (3rd ed.).New York :
Routledge
Turk, Christopher. 1985. Effective Speaking: Communicating in Speech. British: E &
FN Spon, an imprint of Chapman & Hall
44
INDRAWATI’S SPEECH
A THESIS
Submitted as the Partial Fullfillment of the Requirement for
the Degree of Sarjana Sastra
By :
MULIANI
Registration Number 2112220015
ENGLISH AND LITERATURE DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF LANGUAGES AND ARTS
STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN
2015
DECLARATION
I have familiarized myself with the University’s policy on Academic integrity. Except
where appropriately acknowledged, this thesis is my own work, has been expressed in my
own words and has not previously been submitted for assessment.
I understand that this paper may be screened electronically or otherwise for
plagiarism.
Medan,
July 2015
The writer
Muliani
2112220015
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Great thanks and praise to the Almighty Allah SWT who has blessed and given
the ability to the writer to complete her thesis as the partial fulfillment of the
requirements for degree of Sarjana Sastra at the English Department, Faculty of
Languages and Arts, State University of Medan.
In the completion of this Thesis, the writer was greatly indebted to many people
which without their help she will not be able to complete this Thesis properly.
Therefore, on this occasion the writer would like to express her gratitude and
appreciation to:
Prof. Dr. H. Syawal Gultom, M.Pd., the Rector of State University of Medan.
University of Medan.
Dr. Isda Pramuniati, M.Hum., the Dean Faculty of Language and Arts, State
Prof. Dr. Hj. Sumarsih, M.Pd., the Head of English and Literature Department
and as her Thesis Examiner, Dra. Meisuri, M.A., the Secretary of English
Department and as her Thesis Examiner, Nora Ronita Dewi, S.Pd., S.S.,
M.Hum., the Head of English Education Program and Syamsul Bahri, S.S.,
M.Hum., the Head of English Literature Program, Faculty of Languages and
Arts, State University of Medan.
Juli Rachmadani Hasibuan, S.S., M.Hum., and Immanuel Prasetya Gintings,
S.S., M.Hum., as her Thesis Advisers for their advice, guidance, and precious
time they spent in correcting and supervising the draft of writing during the
completion of this thesis.
criticisms and opinion for the improvement of this thesis.
during her study in State University of Medan.
Prof. Dr. Lince Sihombing, M.Pd., as her Thesis Examiner for her suggestions,
All Lectures of English Literature study program for their valuable knowledge
Eis Sri Wahyuni, M.Pd as the Administration Staff of English Department for
helping the writer in preparing the files for the purposes of this thesis.
ii
The writer’s beloved parents, Suwanto and Mujiati, for their endless love, care,
support and prayers until at last she can finish this thesis. And also for her little
brother Diki Wahyudi and her little sister Maharani, for their prayers and
support in finishing this thesis.
Dinda and Khalida who always give her supports in finishing this thesis.
The writer’s best friends Dahratul, Bunga, Masrianisyam, Dwi Pratiwi, Eli,
All her beloved friends in English Literature A and B 2011, especially for
Hotmarina, Ester, Septhia, Ika, Martha, Sofa, Juni, Maria, Danti and others
that cannot be mentioned all for their precious moment in the university.
Finally, hopefully this thesis is useful for those who read.
Medan,
The writer,
Muliani
iii
July 2015
ABSTRACT
Muliani, 2112220015. Logico-semantic Relation in Sri Mulyani Indrawati’s Speech.
A Thesis, English Department, Faculty of Languages and Arts, State University of
Medan, 2015.
This study deals with logico-semantic relation in Sri Mulyani Indrawati’s speech. The
objectives of this study were to describe the logico-semantic type and how logicosemantic used in the speech. This study was conducted by using descriptive qualitative.
The data of this study were clause complexes found in the Sri Mulyani’s speech. There
were 142 clause complexes as the sample. Based on the analysis, it was found that only
eight of ten types of logico-semantic were used in Sri Mulyani’s speech. The types that
were not found are Paratactic Locution and Paratactic Idea. The most occurrence type of
logico-semantic was Paratactic Extension (26.76%). Then followed by Hypotactic
Enhancement (23.23%), Hypotactic Elaboration (21.12%), Hypotactic Extension
(19.01%), Paratactic Elaboration (4.92%), Paratactic Enhancement (2.81%), Hypotactic
Idea (1.41%), and Hypotactic Locution (0.71%). For the use of paratactic extension as
the most used by Sri Mulyani indicates that she presented her ideas by adding, varying,
and replacing the messages by using the conjunctions and, but, and or.
Keywords: Logico-semantic Relation, Speech
i
TABLE OF CONTENTS
pages
ABSRACT ......................................................................................................................... i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .............................................................................................. ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................... iv
LIST OF TABLES ......................................................................................................... vi
LIST OF APPENDICES ............................................................................................... vii
CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION
A. The Background of the Study ................................................................................1
B. The Problems of the Study .....................................................................................4
C. The Objectives of the Study ...................................................................................5
D. The Scope of the Study ..........................................................................................5
E. The Significance of the Study ................................................................................5
CHAPTER II. REVIEW OF LITERATURE
A. Theoretical Framework ..........................................................................................6
1. Functional Grammar ..........................................................................................6
2. Context of Situation ...........................................................................................7
3. Metafunction ....................................................................................................10
4. Logical Meaning ..............................................................................................11
a. Taxis ............................................................................................................11
1) Paratactic ....................................................................................................... 12
2) Hypotactic ..................................................................................................... 12
b. Logico-semantic Relation ...........................................................................13
1) Expansion ...............................................................................................13
a) Elaboration ........................................................................................14
b) Extension ..........................................................................................16
c) Enhancement .....................................................................................18
2) Projection................................................................................................20
a) Locution ............................................................................................21
b) Idea....................................................................................................22
5. Speech ..............................................................................................................24
B. Conceptual Framework ........................................................................................26
CHAPTER III. RESEARCH OF METHODOLOGY
A. Research Design ..................................................................................................28
iv
B. Data and Source of Data ......................................................................................28
C. Technique of Collecting Data..............................................................................28
D. Technique of Analyzing Data..............................................................................29
CHAPTER IV. DATA ANALYSIS AND RESEARCH FINDINGS
A. The Data ..............................................................................................................30
B. The Data Analysis ................................................................................................30
C. Research Findings ................................................................................................41
D. Discussions ...........................................................................................................41
CHAPTER V. CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
A. Conclusions ..........................................................................................................43
B. Suggestions ..........................................................................................................43
REFERENCES ...............................................................................................................44
APPENDICES ................................................................................................................45
v
LIST OF TABLES
Pages
Table 2.1 Basic Types of Clause Complex ......................................................................24
Table 4.1 The Frequency of Logico-semantic Relation ...................................................31
Table 4.2 The Percentage of Logico-semantic Relation ..................................................32
vi
LIST OF APPENDICES
Pages
APPENDIX A. The Analysis of Logico-semantic Relation in Speech ...........................45
APPENDIX B. The Speech by Sri Mulyani ....................................................................69
vii
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A.
The Background of the Study
As a social being, language is needed to interact with another. Human will get
difficulty without knowing a language because they cannot communicate their ideas,
thoughts and feelings. The important things for people in using language are to talk
about their experience, to describe events and state the entities involved in them to
influence their behavior and to express their own viewpoint and things in their
messages. Interaction between one with another can be established through language.
Therefore, language is inseparable part of human life to express thought, feeling,
desires and intentions.
As a communication, language has an effective means of expressing feelings and
ideas both in spoken and written form. When people speak or write they express what
they have in their mind. While presenting ideas, people should concern with the way
language which is used because it will make their ideas understandable. In the use of
language people in many cases tend to expand their ideas by combining or
complexing the original clause to other related clause because there are some ideas in
the language user’s mind that they are going to share. In communication speaker or
writer needs to see the connection which is made between one clause with another.
Public speaking is the most powerful form of spoken language. Effective public
speaking involves understanding the audience and speaking goals, choosing elements
for the speech that will engage the audience with the topic, and delivering message
1
2
skillfully. Good public speakers understand that they must plan, organize, and revise
their material in order to develop an effective speech.
One form of public speaking is speech. Speech can be delivered by man and
woman. People who usually deliver speech mostly are the popular public figure. The
popularity can be showed from the job position such as director or manager and from
the performance such as actress or actor. Speech usually uttered by those who have
position in society relation especially for woman. Indeed the woman which affected
to her speech content and also the ways of speech is uttered. It can be seen in the
language used by Sri Mulyani as one of public figure in her speech. The speech
content is about economy. It’s influenced by her background field that is economy.
Sri Mulyani is eligible for becoming the most influence women in the world,
because she is an important one in the economy. Some countries and institution
appreciate her with her achievements. She becomes the Asia’s Finance Minister of
the Year by Emerging Markets newspaper in 2008 (http://wikipedia.org). As a public
figure, Sri Mulyani is demanded to give some messages through speech when visiting
the important world events. As managing director of World Bank, she is responsible
for the institution’s operations in all regions. She also oversees the new global
practices and cross-cutting solution areas which bring together the best expertise from
across the Bank Group and from partners to help tackle the most complex
development challenges. As Indonesian’s finance minster, she was known as
reformist and was largely credited with strengthening Indonesian’s economy
increasing investment and steering Southeast Asia’s largest economy. She has been
3
an outstanding finance minister, with in-depth knowledge of both development issues
and the role of the World Bank Group.
Speech can be analyzed by using logical function theory. Logical function uses
certain conjunctions to relate one clause to another clause in making up the logic
language. The relationship between one clause to another clause will be analyzed in
order to increase the listeners' understanding about the information they hear. There
are two basic systems which determine how one clause is related to another namely
the system of taxis and logico-semantic. Taxis is classified into parataxis and
hypotaxis. While logico-semantic deals with how the ideas or meaning of language is
structured in combination of clauses in clause complex. Logico-semantic is classified
into two relationships they are expansion and projection.
However, several studies on logical metafunction have been done previously.
Gintings (2012) studied about the logical meaning in Al-Gore’s speech. This study
analyzed the Al-Gore’s Nobel Peace Prize acceptance speech. This research showed
that all of types of logico-semantic are used by Al-Gore in his speech and for the
dominant type is hypotactic enhancement. From this study, it indicated that Al-Gore
delivered his idea by providing some circumstantial information including time,
purpose, condition, cause or reason.
While Rukmini (2010) studied about the use of logico-semantic relation in
abstracts of students’ final project reports. This research showed that clause
complexes are both paratactic and hypotactic, but not all of type of logico-semantic
relations found in the data of research, there is no locution projection found. For the
4
realization of the clause complexes is relatively not so satisfactory, some meanings
are not appropriately realized in terms of its lexical and grammar choices.
Another research, Setia et al. (2011) studied about clause complex and
experiential realization in court texts. This research showed that clause complex
realization involves Taxis and Logico-Semantic Relations. The eleven texts which
consist of parataxis and hypotaxis are found with paratactic as the dominant. While
logico-semantic relations are expansion and projection and the dominant type is
expansion. The language used in formal situation will be different with the traditional
one because of different context such as in the research by Siahaan, Napitupulu &
Tampubolon (2014) who studied about the logical meaning in wedding speeches of
Batak Toba language. This research showed that both of logico-semantic relation
(expansion and projection) exist in Batak Toba language and also Batak Toba
language has the similarity with other languages in expressing the experience through
ideational function of language.
Based on the explanations, therefore this research will focus on the logicosemantic relation used by Sri Mulyani in her speech in order to find out the
information arranged to send messages and how she combines her ideas through her
speech because she has quality in her economic field during presenting her ideas.
B. The Problem of Study
Based on the background of the study, the problems of the study are formulated
as the following:
5
1. What types of logico-semantic relation are used by Sri Mulyani?
2. How is the logico-semantic used by Sri Mulyani?
C. The Objectives of Study
In relation to the problem of the study, the objectives of the study are to describe:
1. The types of logico-semantic relation used by Sri Mulyani.
2. How logico-semantic relation is used by Sri Mulyani.
D. The Scope of Study
This study analyses clause relationships in Sri Mulyani’s speech. It focuses on
analyzing the types of logico-semantic relation both expansion and projection used in
her speech.
E. The Significances of Study
Findings of this study are expected to be theoretically and practically useful and
relevant to various sides as the following:
1. Theoretically, this study is expected to provide benefits of knowledge, at least
can be useful as a reference for further study.
2. Practically for students and readers who want to enrich their information and
knowledge about logico-semantic in others material and the researchers who
are interested in conducting the similar study to get further information.
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
A. Conclusions
After analyzing logico-semantic relation in Sri Mulyani Indrawati’s speeches, the
following conclusions are drawn:
1. Only eight of ten types of logico-semantic relation found in Sri Mulyani
Indrawati’s speeches that are paratactic elaboration, hypotactic elaboration,
paratactic extension, hypotactic extension, paratactic enhancement, hypotactic
enhancement, hypotactic locution and hypotactic idea.
2. The logico-semantic relation type which mostly occurs in Sri Mulyani’s
speech is Paratactic Extension. It indicates that Sri Mulyani relates one clause
to another in her speech by adding, varying, and replacing the messages.
B. Suggestions
In relation to conclusions previously, it is suggested that,
1. The findings of this study can be used to describe a better understanding for
the English learners of logico-semantic.
2. Other researchers are advised to study and make a detail analysis of logicosemantic relation.
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