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CHAPTER III METHOD OF INVESTIGATION
This chapter presents the research method. It is divided into seven sections. They are research design, subject of the study, data collection,
instruments of the study, try out, procedure of the study, and criterion of
assessment.
3.1. Research Design
In doing this research, the writer used the action research process which has been developed by Stephen Kemmis. This research puts ideas into practice for
the purpose of self-improvement and increasing knowledge about curriculum, teaching and learning.
Stephen Kemmis described action research in a cyclic. In this study, there was two cycle applied. Each cycle has four phases: plan, acting, observe, and
reflect. The cycle of action research can be seen in the figure below:
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The simple of action research model Taken from: An Overview of the Methodological Approach of Action Research
O’Brien, 1998 Planning is first step in doing any activities. Planning becomes the
references in doing the action. While, action is the second step which is the realization of the planning the researcher has made. Then, observation is needed
to conduct to know the quality of the action. Based on the observation, the researcher can determine whether it is necessary to revise the action or not in
order to achieve the purpose of the research. To support the research the writer used questionnaire and test to gather the
data. Hopefully her research could be conducted well and could achieve the objective of this research.
3.2. Subject of the Study
In doing this, the writer chose the fifth graders at elementary school as the subject of her study. The school chosen was SD Wonosekar Gembong Pati, in the
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academic year of 20082009, the number of the students are 26. The reason was because in that school English has been introduced since the fourth grade, so the
writer believed that the students in that school were appropriate to be used as the subject of her study.
3.3. Data Collection
In doing a research, some of the data are needed to support the investigation. Thus to collect the data, we have to do data collection. According to
Arikunto 2006:232 data collection means to observe variable which will be observed by using interview, test, observation, questionnaire, etc.
On the other side Elliot 1998: 77-83 states that the techniques and methods which can be used to gather evidence in action research are as follows:
diaries, profiles, document analysis, tape or video recording and transcript, using an outside observer, interviewing, the running commentary, the shadow study,
check list, questionnaire, inventories, triangulation and analytic memos. Considering all those data collection methods, the writer comes to a
decision to use some of them which are more appropriate to the class situation in which the writer would conduct her research. They are:
1. Test Pre test and post test
Test is used to measure the extent of student’s achievement during the teaching learning process. In this research, the writer gave a series of test,
those are pre-test, cycle 1 test and cycle 2 test or post test. The pre test was intended to investigate the students’ initial condition; the cycle 1 test was
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intended to get the information of students’ improvement during the teaching and learning process in cycle 1; and the post test was intended to know the
students’ achievement in the final of teaching and learning process. 2.
Questionnaire The purpose of giving questionnaire was to get the information about the
students’ personal responses after the teaching and learning process. The aim of using this techniques are to know the students response during
the activities, and to find out what extent was the students’ achievement in mastering listening skill using storytelling as a technique.
3.4. Instrument
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