Teaching and Learning LITERATURE REVIEW

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CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW

A. Teaching and Learning

In Oxford learning pocket dictionary, teaching is a practice of giving education to somebody. According to Kimble Garmezy in Brown, teaching is giving or guiding someone to learn something causing to know or understand. Meanwhile, Brown 2000:7 defines that teaching is a process of guiding and facilitating learner to learn. Based on the definitions above, it can be concluded that teaching activity can be related to learning and it cannot be separated with learning because teaching activity includes learning activity itself. Thus, Brown defines learning as acquiring or getting knowledge of a subject or skill by studying experience or instruction. Furthermore, the definition is stated by Kimble Garmezy: Learning is relatively permanent change in a behavioral tendency and is the result of reinforced practice 2000:133. 5 In learning activity, students are active because they should work hard and do many efforts to acquire or to get knowledge of a subject. While in teaching process the teacher is active in giving the lesson materials, responsible in planning, directing student’s activities and deciding what activities should be done, how it should be done and who should do it. Jeremy-Harmer 2001:6 describes the characteristics of a good teacher as follows:  Having ability to give interesting classes.  Using the full range or their personality.  Having desire to entertain students in a positive sense not a negative sense.  Treating the students all equally.  Knowing all students’ names. Based on the statement above, it can be known that a teacher has important rule in teaching and learning process. Especially in elementary school, a teacher becomes the key in making good atmosphere and how he or she teaches the students in order to make them understand the lesson. A teacher needs to understand the students not only as a student but also as a child. In other words, the student can share with the teacher not only about study but also about his or her private problem. 6

B. Teaching English to Children