The most important element of fascism is the leader, whose name is given prominence in every aspect of society. Fascism ascribes an almost sacred power
to the leader, in order that he can maintain his appeal and increase his acceptance among the people. The leader is the ruler of the whole country
32
. Lord Voldmeort is feared by almost all wizards and witches even many
wizards dare not to speak his name they referred him as Dark Lord or You Know Who.
“don’t say the name” Ron cut across her, his voice harsh. Harry and Hermione looked at each other.
“I’m sorry,” Ron said, moaning a little as he raised himself to look at them, “but it feels like a—a jinx or something. Can’t we call him You-Know-
Who —please?”
“Dumbledore said fear of a name—” began Harry. “In case you hadn’t noticed, mate, calling You-Know-Who by his name
didn’t do Dumbledore much good in the end,” Ron snapped back. “Just—just show You-Know-Who some respect, will you?”
“Respect?” Harry repeated HDH, Rowling 2007:225 From dialogue above between Harry Potter and Ron Weasley shows that the
fear for spell Lord Voldemort’s name represents a method to portray the fascist leader Lord Voldemort as sacred. This has a profound psychological effect on
the public, who constantly feel themselves within the leaders power and under his control.
Ideologically, the Death Eaters want to destroy Muggles and wizards and witches of Muggle lineage, and take over, and restore the Wizarding world to
pure-bloods. The Death Eaters idealize pure-bloods, which is ironic considering that their leader, Lord Voldemort, was a half-blood with a Muggle father.
Many of our oldest family trees become a little diseased over time. You must prune yours, must you not, to keep it healthy? Cut away those parts
32
Harun Yahya 2002, loc. Cit. p. 86.
that threaten the health of the rest... And in your family, so in the world...we shall cut away the cancer that infects us until only those of the true blood
remain... —Lord Voldemort on his goals in Malfoy Manor HDH, Rowling
2007: 17 The narration from Lord Voldemort about the ideology of Death Eater
above represents the Fascism because Death Eater is intertwined with Ministry of Magic. The job of Ministry of Magic is to keep peace in Wizarding world by keep
the relation balance between all kinds of blood status wizard also to keep Muggle for knowing the existence of Wizard but Death Eater wants to broke the balance
that Ministry of Magic keep . Lord Voldemort and his Death Eaters are infiltrating the Ministry, their first
step is to make Pius Thicknesse the head of the Auror
33
under the Imperius curse
34
. “Well, Yaxley?” Voldemort called down the table, the firelight glinting
strangely in his red eyes. “Will the Ministry have fallen by next Saturday?” Once again, all heads turned. Yaxley squared his shoulders.
“My Lord, I have good news on that score. I have—with difficulty, and after great effort
—succeeded in placing an Imperius Curse upon Pius Thicknesse.”
Many of those sitting around Yaxley looked impressed; his neighbor, Dolohov, a man with a long, twisted face, clapped him on the back.
“It is a start,” said Voldemort. “But Thicknesse is only one man. Scrimgeour must be surrounded by our people before I act. One failed attempt on the
Minister’s life will set me back a long way.” HDH, Rowling 2007:2 Ministry of Magic has more significant roles for wizarding world than an
usual government in Muggle world that makes Lord Voldemort try to infiltrate Ministry of Magic and they imperius Pius Thicknesse because he is a Head of the
Department of Magical Law Enforcement. Thicknesse has regular contact not only with the Minister himself, but also with the Heads of all the other Ministry
33
one of department in Ministry of magic that handle dark wizard.
34
A curse for controlling someone.
departments. They think it will be easy for take over Ministry when they have such a high-ranking official under their control, to subjugate the others, and then
all work together to bring Rufus Scrimgeour Minister of Magic down. After a couple weeks Kingsley Shacklebolt one of the member Order
Phoenix sends a warning to Order Phoenix including Harry Potter that the Ministry of Magic has fallen to Voldemort, and Prime Minister Rufus Scrimgeour
is dead. “The Ministry has fallen. Scrimgeour is dead. They are coming.” HDH,
Rowling 2007:133 With the death of Rufus Scrimgeor Minister of Magic then Death Eaters
have got the full might of the Ministry on their side. They have got the power to perform brutal spells without fear of identification or arrest. Pius Thicknesse
under the Imperius Curse becomes Ministry of Magic and Death Eater Yaxley as the head of the Department of Magical Law Enforcement. Thicknesse just become
the puppet for Lord Voldemort. “The official version of Scrimgeour’s murder is
that he resigned; he has been replaced by Pius Thicknesse, who is under the Imperius Curse.” HDH, Rowling 2007: 170.
Lord Voldemort does not declare himself as a Minister of Magic himself because he does not want to sit behind a desk at the Ministry. His Puppet,
Thicknesse, is taking care of everyday business, leaving Voldemort free to extend his power beyond the ministry.
People in Wizarding world have deduced what has happened because there has been such a dramatic change in Ministry policy, and many are whispering that
Voldemort must be behind it. However, that is not the point: They whisper. They dare not confide in each other, not knowing whom to trust; they are scared to
speak out, in case their suspicions are true and their families are targeted, so Voldemort is playing a very clever game. He chose not to publicly declare himself
Minister in order to maintain an atmosphere of fear and uncertainty and might have provoked open rebellion.
As explained previously that Death Eater is not a mass party but just a movement and the existence of Death Eater that forms the hardcore of Lord
Voldemort regime represents Fascism but this representation is constructed toward Ebenstein description because according to Ebenstein the mass party has
big significance on Totalitarianism of Fascism regime. Meanwhile in this representation there is no mass party as the hardcore of Fascist regime but just a
movement that is called Death Eater.
b. A system of terror by the police and secret police
Death Eater is Lord Voldemort army. After Lord Voldemore take over Ministry of Magic, Death Eater begin campaign terror and Violence in Wizarding
world. He also recruits magical creatures: Werewolfes, Trolls and Snatcher
35
. “I wanted to come back the minute I’d Disapparated, but I walked straight
into a gang of Snatchers, Hermione, and I couldn’t go anywhere” “A gang of what?” asked Harry, as Hermione thew herself down into a chair
with her arms and legs crossed so rightly it seemd unlikely that she would unravel them for several years.
“Snatchers,” said Ron. “They’re everywhere—gangs trying to earn gold by rounding up Muggle-borns and blood traitors, there
’s a reward from the Ministry for everyone captured. I was on my own and I look like I might be
school age; they got really excited, thought I was a Muggle-born in hiding. I had to talk fast to get out of being dragged to the Ministry.” HDH, Rowling
2007: 310
The dialogue between Harry Potter, Ron Weasley and Hermione Granger indicates that Death Eaters and Snatchers spread terror in Wizarding world
35
Wizards that have mission to capture Muggle born and traitor so they will get reward from Ministry of Magic.
because they can do anything to their prey. They are given a power from Lord Voldemort to capture everyone in Wizarding world that suspicious and they can
torture their prey. Many Muggle born and magical creatures run in exile and hide from Death Eaters and Snatchers.
A fire danced into life on the other side of the canvas; large shadows passed between tent and flames. The delicious smell of baking salmon wafted
tantalizingly in their direction. Then came the clinking of cutlery on plates, and the first man spoke again.
“Here, Griphook, Gornuk.” Goblins Hermione mouthed at Harry, who nodded.
“Thank you,” said the goblins together in English. “So, you three been on the run how long?” asked a new, mellow, and
pleasant voice; it was vaguely familiar to Harry, who pictured a round- bellied, cheerfulfaced man.
“Six weeks . . . seven . . . I forget,” said the tired man. “Met up with Griphook in the first couple of days and joined forces with Gornuk not long
after. Nice to have a bit of company.” There was a pause, while knives scraped plates and tin mugs were picked up and replaced on the ground.
“What made you leave,Ted?” continued the man. “Knew they were coming for me,” replied mellow-voiced Ted,
and Harry suddenly knew who he was: Tonks’s father. “Heard Death Eaters were in the area last week and decided I’d better run
for it. Refused to register as a Muggleborn on principle, see, so I knew it was a matter of time, knew I’d have to leave in the end. My wife should be
okay, she’s pure-blood. And then I meant Dean where, what, a few days ago, son?”
“Yeah,” said another voice, and Harry, Ron, and Hermione stared at each other, silent but beside themselves with excitement, sure they recognized the
voice of Dean Thomas, their fellow Gryffindor. “Muggle-born, eh?” asked the first man.
“Not sure,” said Dean. “My dad left my mum when I was a kid. I’ve got no proof he was
a wizard, though.” HDH, Rowling 2007:243 The dialogue above tells that is not only Muggle born who Death Eater and
Snatcher capture but also other magical creature like Goblin
36
. Snatcher as the army that created by Lord Voldemort represents Fascism because every Fascism
regime has the army to against their enemies.
36
A magical creatures that defined as beings, rather than beasts, that are chiefly involved with metal work and the running of Gringotts bank.
. Snatchers are just a minor army of Lord Voldemort what they have done is capture Muggle born and magical creatures that suspicious and they take them to
Ministry. In Ministry, Death Eaters who have power can torture them and get them to Azkaban
37
. c.
A monopolistic control of the mass media. In Lord Voldemort new regime after have the Ministry of Magic under his
control. Lord Voldemort also take over Daily Prophet
38
. In Daily Prophet Harry Potter is declared as Undesirable Number One with a reward on his head.
Harry smoothed out the paper. A huge photograph of his own face filled the front page. He read the headline over it: WANTED FOR QUESTIONING
ABOUT THE DEATH OF ALBUS DUMBLEDORE “So Death Eaters have taken over the Daily Prophet too?” asked Hermione
furiously. Lupin nodded HDH, Rowling 2007:171
The dialogue between Hermione Granger and Lupin above shows that Lord Voldemort wants to make Harry Potter as a suspect of the death of
Dumbledore and put it in Daily Prophet to show doubt and fear amongst many who would have defended Harry. Wizarding world love and respect to
Dumbledore and Lord Voldemort is using that felling to Dumbledore for make wizarding world hate Harry Potter and against Harry instead of Lord Voldemort.
The Quiber, another Newspaper in wizarding world is under Lord Voldemort control too. Actually in the beginning of Lord Voldemort’s regime The
Quiber is becoming the newspaper that tells the truth. The Quiber has campaign to
37
The Magical prison on wizarding world that have a magical creature like dementors as the guard.
38
A wizard newspaper.
support Harry Potter against Lord Voldemort and The Quiber asks his reader to help Harry Potter.
“Harry, look at this.” He strode to her as quickly as he could through all the clutter. The front of
The Quibbler carried his own picture, emblazoned with the words UNDESIRABLE NUMBER ONE and captioned with the reward money.
“The Quibbler’s going for a new angle, then?” Harry asked coldly, his mind working very fast. “Is that what you were doing when you went into the
garden, Mr. Lovegood? Sending an owl to the Ministry?” Xenophilius licked his lips.
“They took my Luna,” he whispered. “Because of what I’ve been writing. They took my Luna and I don’t know where she is, what they’ve done to
her. But they might give her back to me if I —if I—”
“Hand over Harry?” Hermione finished for him. “No deal,” said Ron flatly. “Get out of the way, we’re leaving.”
Xenophilius looked ghastly, a century old, his laps drawn back into a dreadful leer.
“They will be here at any moment. I must save Luna. I cannot lose Luna.You must not leave.” HDH, Rowling 2007:340
In the dialogue between Harry, Ron, Hermione and The Quiber editor Xenophilius above reflects how Lord Voldemort uses a hostage as his treat. He
held hostage Luna Lovegood the daughter of editor The Quiber Xenophilius for take control The Quiber. It is a cruel way to take over the mass media.
Lord Voldemort not only controls news paper but also controls radio program. In the both mass media, Lord Voldemort spread lies and fear to
Wizarding world and attempt to brainwash wizarding world. “Potterwatch, didn’t I tell you that’s what it was called? The program I keep
trying to get on the radio, the only one that tells the truth about what’s going on Nearly all of the programs are following You-Know-
Who’s line, all except Potterwatch, I really want you to hear it, but it’s tricky tuning in. . .
”- Ron Weasley HDH, Rowling 2007:319 From Ron explaination above clearly tells that almost all the radio programs
under Lord Voldemort control.
The way Lord Voldemort controls mass media represents the Fascism ideology. Mass media becomes the tools to Lord Voldemort for brainwashing
wizard and imposing his will on the public. With Daily Prophet, The Quiber and Radio programs in his hand, Lord Voldemort can gain people approval of his
doing by telling lies and fears. d.
A near monopoly of weapons. Harry Potter world is Wizarding world so their weapon is not like usual
weapons that we know. Their weapon is wand. Wizard and Witches gets his wand from wandmaker in eleven years old when they come to Hogwarts. There is a
powerful wand beyond others. It called Elder wand. Lord Voldemort is searching this wand and he murders people who get in his way. First attempt in order to get
Elder wand he comes to Gregorovich a wandmaker from out country, but Gregorovich do not have Elder wand, Grindelwald stole the Elder wand from
him. Then Lord Voldemort comes to Grindelwald. Voldemort break into the prison Nurmengard, where Grindelwald is being hold, and demand to know the
location of the Elder Wand. Grindelwald baffles Voldemort by being completely unafraid of him and saying that he welcomes death; Voldemort kills him in a rage
without gaining any information.However, Voldemort deduces that Dumbledore, who has defeated Grindelwald, has the Elder Wand. He kills Grindelwald, and
stole the Elder Wand from Dumbledores tomb. “Kill me, then. Voldemort, I welcome death But my death will not bring
you what you seek. … That wand will never, ever be yours... There is so much you do not understand. . . . ”- Grindelwald- HDH, Rowling 2007:
379
From Grindelwald dialogue above shows the way of Lord Voldemort has Elder Wand, he kills anybody who gets his way. Having Elder wand means Lord
Voldemort monopoly the powerful weapon. Lord Voldemort becomes the most powerful wizard and he cannot be defeated by ordinary wand.
Apart of having Elder Wand Lord Voldemort also establishes the army to spread fear on wizarding world.
“These accidents aren’t accidents—the crashes and explosions and derailments and whatever else has happened since we last watched the new.
People are disappearing and dying and he’s behind it—Voldemort. I’ve told you this over and over again, he kills Muggles for fun. Even the fogs
— they’re caused by dementors, and if you can’t remember what they are, ask
our son” Dudley’s hands jerked upward to cover his mouth. With his parents’ and Harry’s eyes upon him, he slowly lowered them again and
asked, “There are . . . more of them?” “More?” laughed Harry. “More than the two that attacked us, you mean? Of
course there are, there are hundreds, maybe thousands by this time, seeing as they feed of fear and despair
—” “All right, all right,” blustered Vernon Dursley. “You’ve made your point—
” “I hope so,” said Harry, “because once I’m seventeen, all of them—Death Eaters, dementors, maybe even Inferi
—which means dead bodies enchanted by a Dark Wizard
—will be able to find you and will certainly attack you. And if you remember the last time you tried to outrun wizards, I think you’ll
agree you need help.” HDH, Rowling 2007:34
In the dialogue above between Harry and Dursley family concludes that Lord Voldemort kills Muggles for fun. He wants to show his regime to wizarding
world that he is the one that have ultimate power for controlling magical creatures like Giant, Dementor
39
and Inferi
40
and he can do anything to his opponent. Dementors are perfect creatures for spread chaos because they feed of fear and
despair.
39
Soulless creatures, considered to be among the foulest beings on Earth. They are soul-sucking fiends who, as their name suggests, cause people who encounter them for too long to lose their
minds. They are the guards of the wizard prison, Azkaban.
40
Dead people who lives again because the curse and they look like a mummies or zombie.
The army that Lord Voldemord has created is same as the weapon because this army can make mass destructive just like the weapon. He is the only one who
can control magical creatures and makes them as the weapon to spread chaos on wizarding world so he monopolizes the weapon.
This monopoly represents Fascism which is the ideology of Lord Voldemort. A Fascist need to monopolize the weapon to control their people and
makes sure the enemy cannot beat them or try to disturb the fascism regime. e.
Central control of the economy. Wizarding world have a Gringotts
41
and the one that have a full control in Gringotts is Goblin. Lord Voldemort takes control Gringotts. He knows the
treasure inside vault of every wizard. He controls the management of Gringotts. Goblin should report to him if something happen in Gringotts.
“How come you’re in hiding, then Griphook?” “Similar reasons,” said the higher voiced goblin. “Gringotts is no longer
under the sole control of my race. I recognize no Wizarding master.” HDH, Rowling 2007:244
From dialogue above indicates that Goblin does not recognize Wizarding
master; almost all of them do not want to be in control of any Wizard include Lord Voldemort,so many of them choose to out from Gringotts.
The Representation of Fascism which is represented on the control of Gringotts by Lord Voldemort undergoes a shifting idea toward Ebenstein outlook
of Fascism because the central control of the economy that Ebenstein indicates is when the economy of the Fascism nation is on 100 percent control of Fascist
government, the Fascist government control market, money currency, tax, etc. In this representation, Lord Voldemort just controls Gringotts; he cannot control
41
A bank that save the treasure of wizard, and Goblins are the guard.
about vaults inside Gringotts, every wizards still have their own treasury. He does not make himself rich so he does not care about tax, money currency, and market.
2. Distrust of reason
The distrust of reason is perhaps the most significant trait of Fascism. The rational tradition of the West steam from Greece and is one of the three basic
components the other two being Jewish monotheism and Christian love that have given the west its characteristic culture and outlook. Fascism rejects this
Greek root of Western civilization and is frankly antirationalist, distrusting reason in human affairs and stressing the irrational, sentimental, uncontrollable element
of man. Psychologically, fascism is fanatical rather than reflective, dogmatic rather than open-minded; as a result each fascist regime has its taboo issue such as
race, empire, the leader, and it is the nature of a taboo issue that is must be accepted on faith and cannot be critically discussed.
In Harry Potter and Deathly Hallows, during Lord Voldemort regime almost every wizard accepts the power of Lord Voldmort. They do not dare to
question the new regime. Even if the new regime does dramatic change in Ministry policy like make Muggle Born Registration Commission.
“Naturally many people have deduced what has happened: There has been such a dramatic change in Ministry policy in the last few days, and many are
whispering that Voldemort must be behind it. however, that is not the point:
They whisper. They daren’t confide in each other, not knowing whom to trust; they are scared to speak out, in case their suspicions are true and their
families are targeted. HDH, Rowling 2007: 172
In the narration above shows that the ways Lord Voldemort rule Ministry of Magic become taboo issue to speak aloud between wizard communities
because no want dare to question. That represents fascism because on Lord Voldemort regime, everyone cannot doubt or question what he has done in his
regime.
3. Denial of basic human equality
Fascism rejects the concept of human equality. In fascist code, men are superior than women, soldiers to civilians, party members to non party members,
one’s own nation to others, the strong to the weak, and the victors in war to the vanquished. The chief criteria of equality in the Western tradition are man’s mind
and soul, whereas the Fascist affirmation of inequality is based ultimately on strength.
In wizarding world, there is a blood status. For some wizards it does not matter what is their blood status but for Lord Voldemort and his Death Eater
blood status is really important. Pure blood is the most superior from half blood, muggle born, squib
42
, and muggle . Wizard is superior than all magical creatures House elves
43
s, Goblins, Giants, Trolls and Centaurs
44
and Death Eater is superior than wizard community.
“Many of our oldest family trees become a little diseased over time,” he said as Bellatrix gazed at him, breathless and imploring.
“You must prune yours, must you not, to keep it healthy? Cut away those parts that threaten the health of the rest.”
“Yes, my Lord,” whispered Bellatrix, and her eyes swam with tears of gratitude again. “At the first chance”
“You shall have it,” said Voldemort. “And in your family, so in the world. . . we shall cut away the canker that infects us until only those
of the true blood remain . . . ” DH, Rowling 2007: 17
42
A human that have wizard ancestry but he himself is not a wizard.
43
Small humanoids that are used by wizards as slaves.
44
Their heads and torsos resemble those of humans but they possess the four legs, lower bodies and tail of a horse.
Above is Lord Voldemort conversation with Bella his Death Eater. It shows how Lord Voldemort is a racist. He can do anything even kill people who
are not pure blood because he thinks that half blood and muggle threaten the superiority of pure blood. Pure blood wizard have all power to control other
races. This concept is shown in the atrium of Ministry building. ‗The great Atrium seemed darker than Harry remembered it. Previously a
golden fountain had filled the center of the hall, casting shimmering spots of light over the polished wooden floor and walls. Now a gigantic statue of
black stone dominated the scene. It was rather frightening, this was sculpture of a witch and a wizard sitting on ornately carved thrones, looking
down at the Ministry workers toppling out of fireplaces below them. Engraved in foot-high letters at the base of the statue were the words
MAGIC IS MIGHT’. Harry looked more closely and realized that what he had though were
decoratively carved thrones were actually mounds of carved human: hundreds and hundreds of naked bodies, men, women, and children, all with
rather stupid,ugly faces, twisted and pressed together to support the weight of the hand somely robed wizards.
“Muggles,” whispered Hermione. “In their rightful place. Come on, let’s get going.” HDH, Rowling 2007: 198-199
In the narration above shows the golden fountain in atrium Ministry change
to gigantic statue of black stone with word MAGIC IS MIGHT prove the
propaganda which Lord Voldemort have made after he takes over Ministry of Magic.
This gigantic statue on Ministry of Magic building represents the denial of basic human equality by Lord Voldemort. He makes clear his ideology in the head
of Wizarding communities. The way he illustrate Muggle in stupid ugly faces under the wizard make a great propaganda that Muggle is truly unworthy and
Wizard should control with the power which wizard have.
4. Code of behavior based on lies and violence
Violence and lies are usual behavior that Lord Voldemort and his follower Death Eater do. They make lies and Violence to get what they want. There are
thousand terrible crimes that Lord Voldemort does. The first murder that Lord Voldemort do is the murder of Charity Burbage
a Professor who is teaching Muggle studies because he think she is the one who teach young wizard that Muggle is have no different with Wizard.
Voldemort :“For those of you who do not know, we are joined here tonight by Charity Burbage, who until recently, taught at Hogwarts School of
Witchcraft and Wizardry.” There were small noises of comprehension around the table. A broad, hunched woman with pointed teeth cackled.
“Yes . . . Professor Burbage taught the children of witches and wizards all about Muggles . . . how they are not so different from us . . . ”
last week Professor Burbage wrote an impassioned defense of Mudbloods in the Daily Prophet. Wizards, she says, must accept those thieves of their
knowledge and magic. The dwindling of the purebloods is, says Professor Burbage, a most desirable circumstance . . . She would have use all mate
with Muggles . . . or, no doubt, werewolves . . . ” “Avada Kedavra.”
The flash of green light illuminated every corner of the room. Charity fell, with a resounding crash, onto the table below, which trembled and creaked.
Several of the Death Eaters leapt back in their chairs. Draco fell out of his onto the floor.
“Dinner, Nagini,” said Voldemort softly, and the great snake swayed and slithered from his shoulders onto the polished wood HDH, Rowling
2007:17-18
The murder of Charity Burbage shows that Lord Voldemort makes that murder as the warning to wizarding world. Charity Burbage is a professor of
Muggle Studies on Hogwarts, she teaches young wizards and witches about the equality of human being; Muggles are equal with wizards, wizarding world should
keep the balance of world with living in the secret without the knowing of Muggle. The warning has meaning; Lord Voldemort will against the wizard who
thinks Muggles are equal.
After Lord Voldemort kills professor Charity Burbage who teach Muggle studies, he kills other wizards like; Mad Eye Moody the auror, Gregorovitch the
wandmaker, Gellert Grindelwald the former dictator and even Severus Snape his loyal Death Eater.
“My Lord” Snape protested, raising his wand. “It cannot be any other way,” said Voldemort. “I must master the wand,
Severus. Master the wand, and I master Potter at last.” And Voldemort swiped the air with the ElderWand. It did nothing to Snape,
who for a split second seemed to think he had been reprieved: but then
Voldemort’s intention became clear. The snake’s cage was rolling through the air,and before Snape could do anything more than yell, it had encased
him, head and shoulders, and Voldemort spoke in Parseltongue.
“Kill.” There was a terrible scream. Harry
saw Snape’s face losing the little color it had left; it whitened as his black eyes widened, as the snake’s fangs pierced
his neck, as he failed to push the enchanted cage off himself, as his knees gave way and he fell to the floor.
“I regret it,” said Voldemort coldly. He turned away; there was no sadness in him, no remorse. HDH, Rowling
2007:519
The ways Lord Voldemort kill his loyal Death Eater with remorse represents that Lord Voldemort is real evil. Killing people and doing violence is
light according to him. He can torture and kill anybody to get what he wants.
5. Government by elite
The concept that only a small minority of the population, qualified by birth, education or social standing, is capable of understanding what is best for the
whole community, and of putting it into practice, is not an invention of twentieth century fascism; Plato, one of the founder of western political philosophy,
strongly believed that only one class, the “philosopher-kings” are fit to rule society.
Lord Voldemort has exactly same concept. According to him pure blood Wizard should govern half blood, Muggle and others magical creatures. This
concept also flourishes before Lord Voldemort. Gellert Grindelwald is the dark wizard who want to control world before Lord Voldemort.
Gellert —Your point about Wizard dominance being FOR THE
MUGGLES’ OWN GOOD—this, I think is the crucial point. Yes, we have been given power and yes, that power gives up the right to rule, but it also
gives us responsibilities over the ruled. We must stress this point, it will be the foundation stone upon which we build. Where we are opposed, as we
surely will be, this must be the basis of all our counterarguments. We seize control FOR THE GREATER GOOD. And from this it follows that where
we meet resistance, we must use only the force that is necessary and no more. This was your mistake at Durmstrang But I do not complain,
because if you had not been expelled, we would never have met. HDH, Rowling 2007:293
Above is a letter from Dumbledore to Gellert Grindelwald when he is young. It shown Dumbledore a peace lover is also has interest to power Muggle
under Wizard. Dumbledore when he is young has befriended with Gellert Grindelwald who later become the dark wizard. Gellert has much influence to
Dumbledore, but after all Dumbledore changes to become good wizard who campaign about the equality between human.
“FOR GREATER GOOD” is the sentence that the base reason to wizard
on doing Fascism regime. Wizards have magic as their power. There are any wizard that think because they have the power so they have the right to rule the
Muggles. That is not always like that. Are wizards can rule because they have magic? Are they better in govern people than Muggles? . The answer is NO
because the one that can rule and govern people is not according to the much
power that he or she has. Albus Dumbledore finally understands the answer that is why he changes to a humble wizard.
Lord Voldemort has the same will like Dumbledore and Gellert. He wants to govern Muggle and Wizarding world because he as pure blood wizard is qualified
to have power and he is the best fit to govern both worlds. Then he takes over Ministry of magic.
From explaination above the will of Lord Voldemort to govern over wizarding world and muggle world represents the Fascism because on Fascism the
will to govern people by the elite is one of the points in principal element of fascist outlook
6. Racialism and Imperialism
Racist is one of the Lord Voldemort characteristic and one biggest racist things that Lord Voldemort does after take over Ministry of Magic is making
Muggle Born Registration Commision. He also makes pamphlet propaganda. ‗‗He slid a completed pamphlet from the pile beside a young witch. He
examined it beneath the invisibility Cloak. Its pink cover was emblazoned with a golden title: MUDBLOODS and the Dangers They Pose to a
Peaceful Pure-Blood Society Beneath the title was a picture of a red rose with a simpering face in the middle of its petals, being strangled by a green
weed with fangs and a scowl. there was no author’s name upon the pamphlet’-Harry Potter in Ministry of Magic- HDH, Rowling 2007:205
From narrations above indicates that Lord Voldemort makes propaganda to brainwash wizard community. It represents the way Lord Voldemort racialism.
Lord Voldemort chooses Dolores Umbridge as the head of the Muggle Born Registration Comission. Dolores Umbridge is workers in Ministry of Magic even
if she is not a Death Eater but she has same ideology with Death Eater, she is proud of blood status.
The plaque beneath door read: DOLORES UMBRIDGE SENIOR UNDERSECRETARY TO THE MINISTER Below that, a slightly shinier
new plaque read: HEAD OF THE MUGGLE-BORN REGISTRATION COMMISSION HDH, Rowling 2007: 206
Lord Voldemort has every file of the wizard. The file contains name, blood status, Family and security status. Dolores Umbridge is the one who decide
whether the wizard will get punishment or not. There was a filing cabinet behind the desk: Harry set to searching it. Like
Filch’s filing cabinets at Hogwarts, it was full of folders, each labeled with a name. It was not until Harry reached the bottommost drawer that he saw
something to distract him from his search:
Mr. Weasley’s file. He pulled it out and opened it. ARTHUR WEASLEY
BLOOD STATUS: Pureblood, but with unacceptable pro-Muggle leanings. Known member of the Order of the Phoenix
FAMILY: Wife pureblood, seven children, two youngest at Hogwarts. NB: Youngest son currently at home, seriously ill, Ministry inspectors have
confirmed. SECURITY STATUS: TRACKED. All movements are being monitored.
Strong likelihood Undesirable No. 1 will contact has stayed with Weasley family previously HDH, Rowling 2007:207
The Muggle Born Registration Commision is questioning Muggles born in courtroom with Dementor as the guard. One by one Muggle Born is questioning in
small courtroom with high ceiling that will give claustrophobic sense of being stuck at the bottom of a deep well. When someone gets questioned by Dolores
Umbrige others sit huddle and shiver on hard wooden bench. Most of them are hiding their face in their hand for instinctive attempt to shield themselves from
Dementors. Some are accompanied by families others sit alone. The Dementor are
gliding up and down infront of them and the cold, hopelessness, and the despair of the place lie themselves like curse.
“A wand was taken from you upon your arrival at the Ministry today, Mrs. Cattermole,”
Umbridge was saying, “Eight-and-three-quarter inches, cherry, unicorn-hair core. Do you recognize that description?”
Mrs. Cattermole nodded, mopping her eyes on her sleeve. “Could you please tell us from which witch or wizard you took that wand?”
“T—took?” sobbed Mrs. Cattermole. “I didn’t t-take it from anybody. I b-bought it when I was eleven years old.
It —it—it—chose me.”
She cried harder than ever. Umbridge laughed a soft girlish laugh “No,” said Umbridge, “no, I don’t think so, Mrs. Cattermole. Wands only
choose witches or wizards. You are not a witch. I have your responses to the questionnaire that was sent to you here
—Mafalda, pass them to me.” HDH, Rowling 2007:215
Dolores Umbridge does not do a fair court to Muggle born, she will try to make every Muggle born punish and get them to the Azkaban. She accuses them
for stealing magic from Wizard. The Muggle Born Registration Comission is just reason to make accusations for capture Muggle born and take them to Azkaban.
This commission also another way to accomplishes Lord Voldemort goal in cleansing wizarding world from Muggle born.
From explainations above the racialism that represents by the Muggle born commission and the narrations have constructed toward Ebenstein description
because according to Lord Voldemort the racist level is not according races, religion, skin, and nation but according to whether people have magical skill or
not.
7. Opposition to international law and order
Opposition to international law and order is the logical outcome of Fascist belief in inequality, violence, racialism, imperialism, and war. Whereas
nonfascists accept war as a tragic fact, which should be abolished, fascists raise war to level of an ideal.
Any type of international organization assumes some form of government by consent, which is directly contradictory to the fascist principle government by
force. Also, equality of states before the law of nations is a basic principle of international order. The Fascist concept of the elite leads to the leadership of one
nation over the society of nations as it does to the leadership of one man within the nation’s government.
The way Lord Voldemort done to Wizarding world; his ideology about blood status, his violence and his racialism are an opposition to international law
and order. Because it is clear that Wizarding law and order reject all of that. Ministry of Magic is a government that rule wizards and witches in right
order. Like ordinary government, if someone has done some crime as murder he will be punish in Azkaban. Every wizard is equal and Muggle as same as wizard.
“And what would you say, Royal, to those listeners who reply that in these dangerous times, it should be ’Wizards first’? asked Lee.
“I’d say that it’s one short step from ’Wizards first’ to ’Purebloods first,’ and then to ’Death Eaters,”’ replied Kingsley.
“We’re all human, aren’t we? Every human life is worth the same, and worth saving.” HDH, Rowling 2007:357
Kingsley is the member of Ministry of Magic and he is also member of Order of Phoenix an opposition of Death Eater. He states the Equality of wizard
and Muggle. As the former worker in Ministry of Magic he represents the former law and order of Ministry of Magic before Lord Voldemort takes over Ministry.
From all explainations above, it concludes that Lord Voldemort character is representing Fascism. Lord Voldemort has done all the seven principal element
of fascist outlook by William Ebenstein. It makes Lord Voldemort as a Fascist in Wizarding world.
Wizarding world is so different with the real world, but the way wizard rules is not so different from real government. In Harry Potter and Deathly
Hallow, there is no explanation about election for chosen Minister of Magic. Ministry of Magic is chosen by wizard community with no force and Lord
Voldemort gets his power as de jure Ministry of Magic by the force with the help of his follower Death Eater, he kills Rufus Scrimgeour a Minister of Magic. He
does not sit as Minister of Magic but he makes Pius Thicknesse as his puppet to rule the wizarding world. Pius will do everything Lord Voldemort want in
wizarding world. He makes Muggle Borns Registration Commision an instrument of humiliation and persecution against Muggle-borns, who are falsely accused of
having stolen magic and imprison in Azkaban for it. He also makes Propaganda against Muggle-borns and Harry Potter; in Daily Prophet and The Quiber Harry is
considered Undesirable Number One and there was a 10,000 Galleon reward for his capture, in Pamphlet Muggle born or Mudblood has stated as the danger to
peaceful of Pure blood society in wizarding world. The way Lord Voldemort does when he takes over the Ministry of Magic is
considered as a Fascist movement. Voldemort and his followers also display other typically fascist character
istics; a hatred of those with “impure” blood in this case, wizards born into non-wizarding families; a fetishism for symbols in this
case, the Dark Mark, which each Death Eater has tattooed on his arm,; and a disregard for ethical ideas and a will to
power to quote one of Voldemort’s
henchmen: “There is no good or evil: only power and those too weak to seek it
”. Voldemort also harbors genocidal ambitions. He hopes to purify the wizarding world by exterminating all “mud bloods,” and to forcibly unite the
wizarding community under his totalitarian rule. All of that is prove that Lord Voldemort character in Harry Potter and
Deathly Hallows is representing of Fascism. The representation of Fascism on Lord Voldemort character is constructed to new because the world in Harry
Potter and Deathly Hallows is magical world.
The constructed Fascism lies in: 1.
Lord Voldemort does not create a party to become Minister of Magic but just create movement that take over the Ministry of magic by force.
2. Lord Voldemort does not care enough to economy. He does not full take
over Gringots bank 3.
The Racist level is not according races, religion, skin, and nation but according to whether people have magical skill or not.
The constructed fascism shows that relation of the fascism base on Ebenstein description and the fascism on Harry Potter and Deathly Hallows
novel undergo shifting and the ways of Lord Voldemort represents it on the novel which is contrast to the theory. This novel can be considered as having the
alternative vision to re-value the relation between fascism base on the theory and the fascism on the novel.
2. Analysis the level of Ideology in Harry Potter and Deathly
Hallows.
In children’s literature, there are three main levels ideology according to Peter Hollindale. After analyzing the Representation of Fascism on Lord
Voldemort character the writer knows that the character of Lord Voldemort has shown a symptom of Fascism ideology.
The kind of ideology that uses on Lord Voldemort character in Harry Potter and Deathly Hallows is the first level ideology which is created with conscious
intentionality expresses a cultural or ideological belief to the young audience who reads it. It will also be this impression that can assist a political ideology in
recruiting young readers into passively accepting members of the dominating ideologies presented to them.
The first is intended surface ideology that made up of the explicit social, political or moral beliefs of the individual writer, and his wish to recommend
them to children through the story. Its presence is conscious, deliberate and in some measure ‗pointed’, even when there is nothing unusual or unfamiliar in the
message the writer hoping to convey. If the fictional world is fully imagined and realized, it may carry its ideological burden more covertly showing things as they
are but trusting to literary organization rather than explicitly didactic guidelines to achieve a moral effect.
In the analysis before, representation of Fascism on Lord Voldemort character is illustrated as something bad. Fascism ideology make people suffer
and die, Lord Voldemort who represents Fascism has evil character. He is power hunger, racist, sadist and manipulative.
Fascism on Lord Voldemort character is conscious intentionality expresses an ideological belief but it is not the main ideology on the Harry Potter and
Deathly Hallows. The main theme is Fascism ideology on Lord Voldemort which has resistance from Harry Potter. That is the dominating ideology which presented
to young readers. So the central storyline of the Harry Potter series revolves around Lord Voldemort which is killed by Harry Potter.
Lord Voldemort Fascism is defeated by Harry Potter; he learns how to defeat Lord Voldemort under Albus Dumbledore guadience.
“And his knowledge remained woefully incomplete, Harry That which Voldemort does not value, he takes no trouble to comprehend. Of house-
elves and children’s tales, of love, loyalty, and innocence, Voldemort knows
and understands nothing. Nothing. That they all have a power beyond his own, a power beyond the reach of any magic, is a truth he has never
grasped._Albus Dumbledore_HDH, Rowling 2007:568
The dialogue above is about Albus Dumbledore that explains to Harry Potter about the lackness of Lord Voldemort has. Lord Voldemort indeed the
strongest wizard ever but Lord Voldemort knows nothing about a power beyond magic. That power includes love, loyalty and innocence. Lord Voldemort does not
have that power . The message that wants to convey in this dialogue is the strongest of all is
not deciding by physical power of someone. There is a beyond power that unimagined which can be had by love, loyalty and innocence.
Lord Voldemort is a tyrant which afraid of death. His another wish is to conquer the death. He is searching the way to conquer the death. He has tried
many things to conquer the death. He drinks the unicorn blood and the liquid of sorcerer stone. Then, the last one attempt on Harry Potter and Deathly Hallows
he makes Horcrux
45
. “He was more afraid than you were that night, Harry. You had accepted,
even embraced, the possibility of death, something Lord Voldemort has never been able to do
… “Master of death, Harry, master of Death Was I better, ultimately,
thanVoldemort?” “Of course you were,” said Harry. “Of course—how can you ask that? You
never killed if you could avoid it” “True, true,” said Dumbledore, and he was like a child seeking reassurance.
“Yet I too sought a way to conquer death, Harry.” “Not the way he did,” said Harry. After all his anger at Dumbledore, how
odd it was to sit here, beneath the high, vaulted ceiling, and defend Dumbledore
from himself. “Hallows, not Horcruxes.” “Hallows,” mumbled Dumbledore, “not Horcruxes. Precisely” HDH,
Rowling 2007:571
45
Things that save the ripped soul so the maker will not die if killed. He can be killed if horcrux is destroyed.
The narration from Albus Dumbledore to Harry Potter above shows how Lord Voldemort is a big coward because he is afraid of death. It is not only Lord
Voldemort that wants to conquer the death but also Albus Dumbledore. The way Albus Dumbledore conquer the death is different with Lord Voldemort way. The
way Albus Dumbledore conquer the death is with Hallows
46
. The deliberate message is the true master of death does not seek to run away
from Death. He accepts that he must die, and understands that there are far, far worse things in the living world than dying
like what Dumbledore said …“Do not pity the dead, Harry. Pity the living, and above all, those who live without love.
HDH, Rowling 2007: 578 The last recommend moral beliefs from author that offer on Harry Potter
and Deathly Hallows is about power. As explained on the first quote that there is another power that strongest than anything. That power includes love, loyalty and
innocence. And that power belongs to those who never sought it. …I, meanwhile, was offered the post of Minister of
Magic, not once, but several times. Naturally, I refused. I had learned that I was not to be trusted with power.”
“But you’d have been better, much better, than Fudge or Scrimgeour” burst out Harry.
“Would I?” asked Dumbledore heavily. “I am not so sure. I had proven, as a very young man, that power was my weakness and my temptation. It is a
curious thing, Harry, but perhaps those who are best suited to power are those who have never sought it. Those who, like you, have leadership thrust
upon them, and take up the mantle because they must, and find to their own surprise that they wear it well. HDH, Rowling 2007:575
Fascism is ideology about power. Lord Voldemort gets his power to establish his regime by force. He takes over Ministry of Magic and start to govern
46
Three magic artifact which are the stone, the cloack, the wand. they are the master of death.
wizarding world by spread chaos. That ideology is definitely false because it is only brings pain to people. In the end Lord Voldemort is killed by his own curse,
it means the ideology of Fascism that Lord Voldemort has and belief in is denied. …Tom Riddle hit the floor with a mundane finality, his body feeble and
shrunken, the white hands empty, the snakelike face vacant and unknowing. Voldemort was dead, killed by his own rebounding curse, and Harry stood
with two wands in his hands, sta ring down at his enemy’s shell. HDH,
Rowling 2007:596 It is clearly that Harry Potter and Deathly Hallows is intending to deny the
Fascism ideology. It can be seen on the death of Lord Voldemort and the way Lord Voldemort represents Fascism. The representation of fascism on Lord
Voldemort character in Harry Potter and Deathly Hallows by JK Rowling is described as something bad and incomplete. Ideology of Fascism is introduced to
the children as the wrong that should be defeated.
71
CHAPTER IV CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
A. Conclusions
After having summarized The Representation of Fascism in Lord Voldemort character on Harry Potter and Deathly Hallows novel, it concludes that Lord
Voldemort character is representing Fascism. Lord Voldemort has done all the seven principal element of fascist outlook by William Ebenstein. It makes Lord
Voldemort as a Fascist in Wizarding world. Wizarding world is so different with the real world, but the way wizard
rules is not so different from real government. In Harry Potter and Deathly Hallows, there is no explanation about election for chosen Minister of Magic.
Ministry of Magic is chosen by wizard community with no force and Lord Voldemort gets his power as de jure Ministry of Magic by the force with the help
of his follower Death Eater, he kills Rufus Scrimgeour a Minister of Magic. He does not sit as Minister of Magic but he makes Pius Thicknesse as his puppet to
rule the wizarding world. Pius will do everything Lord Voldemort wants in wizarding world. He makes Muggle Borns Registration Commision an instrument
of humiliation and persecution against Muggle-borns, who are falsely accuse of having stolen magic and imprison in Azkaban for it. He also makes Propaganda
against Muggle-borns and Harry Potter; in Daily Prophet and The Quiber Harry is considered Undesirable Number One and there was a 10,000 Galleon reward for
his capture, in Pamphlet Muggle born or Mudblood has stated as the danger to peaceful of Pure blood society in wizarding world.
The way Lord Voldemort does when he takes over the Ministry of Magic is considered as a Fascist movement. Voldemort and his followers also display other
typically fasc ist characteristics; a hatred of those with “impure” blood in this
case, wizards born into non-wizarding families; a fetishism for symbols in this case, the Dark Mark, which each Death Eater has tattooed on his arm,; and a
disregard for ethical ideas a nd a will to power to quote one of Voldemort’s
henchmen: “There is no good or evil: only power and those too weak to seek it
”. Voldemort also harbors genocidal ambitions. He hopes to purify the wizarding world by exterminating all “mud bloods,” and to forcibly unite the
wizarding community under his totalitarian rule. All of that is prove that Lord Voldemort character in Harry Potter and
Deathly Hallows is representing of Fascism. The representation of Fascism on Lord Voldemort character is constructed to new because the world in Harry
Potter and Deathly Hallows is magical world. The constructed Fascism lies in:
1. Lord Voldemort does not create a party to become Minister of Magic
but just create movement that take over the Ministry of magic by force. 2.
Lord Voldemort does not care enough to economy. He does not full take over Gringots bank
3. The Racist level is not according races, religion, skin, and nation but
according to whether people have magical skill or not. The constructed fascism shows that relation of the fascism base on
Ebenstein description and the fascism on Harry Potter and Deathly Hallows novel undergo shifting and the ways of Lord Voldemort represents it on the novel
which is contrast to the theory. This novel can be considered as having the alternative vision to re-value the relation between fascism base on the theory and
the fascism on the novel.
Then, Fascism is one of the ideologies that represents through Lord Voldemort character on Harry Potter and Deathly Hallows. Harry Potter and
Deathly Hallows is one of the children literatures, and According to Peter Hollindae there are three levels of ideology in children literature, and the first
levels of ideology is the one that fit with kind of ideology in Harry Potter and Deathly Hallows.
The first level of ideology stated that the ideology in children literature is intended surface ideology. The Fascism ideology through Lord Voldemort
character is intended to be surface of ideology that conscious exist in Harry Potter and Deathly Hallows.
Representation of Fascism in Lord Voldemort character is illustrated as something bad. Fascism ideology make people suffer and die, Lord Voldemort
who represents Fascism have evil character. He is racist, power hungry, manipulative, cruel and sadistic. He gets the power with force. In the end Lord
Voldemort have died in Harry potter hand with just one spell. It is not right to introduce children with this “wrong” ideology so in Harry
Potter and Deathly Hallows the main character Harry Potter has significant roles to “teach” children reader with correcting what is wrong in Fascism Ideology.
In Harry Potter and Deathly Hallows, Harry Potter is resisting and fighting Lord Voldemort. Harry Potter is different from Lord Voldemort. Harry is
antifascism, he believes in meritocracy: that anyone with wizarding abilities should be able to take part in wizarding society, regardless of who their parents
