The second category of ideological content is unexamined beliefs of the writer that slip into the text unnoticed. Writers for children like writer for adult
cannot hide what their values are. Even if beliefs are passive and unexamined, and no part of any conscious proselytizing, the texture of language and story will
reveal them and communicate them. The working of ideology at this level is not incidental or unimportant.
The Third is the reality of ideology “hovering over us” that herd’s writers and readers alike toward meanings that are consistent with it. The power of
ideology is inscribed within the words, the rule-systems, and codes which constitute with text. As we read it reminds us of what is correct, commonsensical,
or ‗natural’. When a text is written, ideology works to make some things more natural to write; when a text is read, it works to conceal struggles and repressions,
to force language into conveying only those meanings reinforced by dominant forces of our society.
From descriptions above the writer assumes that there is no such thing as an innocent texts, that texts are informed by ideology, some covert but others implicit
and often invisible to authors and illustrators. In this research, the character of Lord Voldemort has shown a symptom of
Fascism ideology. The kind of ideology that uses in this research is the first level ideology which is created with conscious intentionality expresses a cultural or
ideological belief to the young audience who reads it. It will also be this impression that can assist a political ideology in recruiting young readers into
passively accepting members of the dominating ideologies presented to them.
C. Fascism
Fascism is known as an ideology that was born and flourished in the 20
th
century. It spread rapidly across the world in the wake of World War I, with fascist regimes coming to power in Germany and Italy in particular, also in such
countries as Greece, Spain and Japan, where the people suffered greatly from the oppressive and violent methods employed by their governments. Against this
oppression and violence, they could do little more. The fascist dictator and his administration heading such systems, where brute force, aggression, bloodshed
and violence were the rule of the day, sent waves of terror throughout the society with their secret police and fascist militia, paralyzing the people with fear.
Furthermore, fascist administration was implemented in almost all levels of society, from education to culture, religion to art, the governmental structure to
the military system, and from the policing organizations to peoples private lives. Ultimately, World War II, initiated by fascists, was one of the gravest calamities
in the history of mankind, leaving as many as 55 million dead. The term fascismo is derived from the Italian word fascio, which means
bundle or group, and from the Latin word fasces. The fasces, which consisted of a bundle of rods that were tied around an axe, was an ancient Roman symbol of
the authority of the civic magistrate. They were carried by his lictors and could be used for corporal and capital punishment at his command.
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To understand the philosophy of fascism, there is description that Mussolini wrote for the Italian Encyclopedia in 1932:
Fascism, the more it considers and observes the future and the development of humanity quite apart from political considerations of the moment, believes neither in the possibility nor the
utility of perpetual peace. It thus repudiates the doctrine of Pacifism-born of a renunciation of the struggle and an act of cowardice in the face of sacrifice. War alone brings up to its highest
tension all human energy and puts the stamp of nobility upon the peoples who have courage to
15
New World, Websters, Websters II New College Dictionary New York :Houghton Mifflin Reference Books ,2005 , p. 123.
meet it. All other trials are substitutes, which never really put men into the position where they have to make the great decision- the alternative of life or death... [The Fascist] conceives of life
as duty and struggle and conquest, but above all for others-those who are at hand and those who are far distant, contemporaries, and those who will come after.
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In Fascist, There is no Fascist manifesto with undisputed authority among fascists but according to Ebenstein there are seven principal element of the fascist
outlook:
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1. Totalitarianism
2. Distrust of reason
3. Denial of basic human equality
4. Code of behavior based on lies and violence
5. Government by elite
6. Racialism and Imperialism
7. Opposition to international law and order
a. Totalitarianism
The word ‗totalitarianism’ was invented by Italian Fascists to encapsulate t
heir drive to ‗nationalize’ the Italian masses – to incorporate them within a hierarchical, mobilized, militarized community serving the needs of Italy.
Famously, the American political scientist C. J. Friedrich defined totalitarianism as follows:
18
16
Mussolini
,
Fascism, http:www.fordham.eduhalsallmod mussolinifascism.html., Accessed on 10 March 2011 at 2 am.
